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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 1-6 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 1-6 (January - March 2024)
Original article
Fungemia due to opportunistic fungi in patients with cancer
Fungemia por hongos oportunistas en pacientes con cáncer
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Rodrigo M. Flores-Delgadoa, Patricia Volkowa, Consuelo Velázquez-Acostab, Patricia Cornejo-Juáreza,
Corresponding author
patcornejo@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
a Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
b Hematology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
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Table 1. Fungi isolated and main characteristics related to fungemia.
Abstract
Background

Fungemia due to uncommon fungi and secondary to multiple risk factors has become an emergent health problem, particularly in oncology patients.

Aims

This study shows the following data collected during an 11-year period in a tertiary care oncologic center from patients with fungemia: demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcome.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, a 135-bed referral cancer center in Mexico City, from July 2012 to June 2023. All episodes of non-Candida fungemia were included.

Results

Sixteen cases with uncommon fungemia were found in the database, representing 0.3% from all the blood cultures positive during the study period, and 8.5% from all the fungi isolated. The most common pathogens identified in our series were Histoplasma capsulatum, Acremonium spp., Trichosporon asahii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eight patients had hematologic malignancies, and five had severe neutropenia. In eight cases fungemia was considered catheter-related, in four cases was classified as primary, and in the last four it was diagnosed as disseminated fungal diseases. Mortality at 30 days was 43.8%.

Conclusions

The improved diagnostic tools have led to a better diagnosis of uncommon fungal infections. More aggressive therapeutic approaches, particularly in patients with malignancies, would increase survival rates in these potentially fatal diseases.

Keywords:
Fungemia
Oncology
Mortality
Resumen
Antecedentes

Las fungemias por hongos poco comunes debidas a múltiples factores de riesgo se han convertido en un problema emergente de salud, particularmente en los pacientes oncológicos.

Objetivos

Describir las características demográficas, clínicas y la evolución de pacientes con fungemia de un centro de referencia oncológica durante un período de 11 años.

Métodos

Se llevó a cabo en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, un hospital de 135 camas en la Ciudad de México, un estudio retrospectivo que abarcó de julio de 2012 hasta junio de 2023. Todos los episodios de fungemia debidos a hongos que no fueran del género Candida fueron incluidos.

Resultados

Se documentaron 16 casos de fungemia por hongos poco comunes, lo cual representó el 0,3% de todos los hemocultivos positivos durante el período de estudio, y el 8,5% de todos los aislamientos fúngicos. Los patógenos más comunes identificados fueron Histoplasma capsulatum, Acremonium sp., Trichosporon asahii, y Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ocho pacientes tenían una neoplasia hematológica y cinco presentaban una neutropenia grave. En ocho casos la fungemia estaba relacionada con el uso de catéter, en otros cuatro casos la fungemia fue catalogada como primaria, y en los cuatro últimos se diagnosticó una infección fúngica diseminada. La mortalidad a 30 días fue del 43,8%.

Conclusiones

El avance en los métodos diagnósticos permite una mejor identificación de infecciones fúngicas por hongos poco comunes. Instaurar de forma oportuna tratamientos aantifúngicos más agresivos, particularmente en pacientes oncológicos, permitiría mejorar la supervivencia en infecciones potencialmente graves.

Palabras clave:
Fungemia
Cáncer
Mortalidad

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