Original
Effect of sunitinib on testicular oxidative and proinflammatory damage induced by ischemia–reperfusion in rats
Efecto de sunitinib en el daño oxidativo y proinflamatorio testicular inducido por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas
Ercument Keskina,
, Abdullah Erdogana, Halis Suleymanb, Gulce Naz Yazicic, Mukadder Sunard, Mehmet Ali Gule
Corresponding author
a Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Turkey
b Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Turkey
c Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Turkey
d Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Turkey
e Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Turkey
Read
259
Timeswas read the article
101
Total PDF
158
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1698031X21000133" "issn" => "1698031X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-10-01" "aid" => "281" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Andrología, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Int Androl. 2022;20 Supl 1:S17-S23" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1698031X2200036X" "issn" => "1698031X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-10-01" "aid" => "307" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Andrología, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Int Androl. 2022;20 Supl 1:S24-S30" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog and phosphodiesterase inhibitor (IBMX) ameliorate human sperm capacitation and motility" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S24" "paginaFinal" => "S30" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El análogo de monofosfato de adenosina cíclico (cAMP) y el inhibidor de fosfodiesterasa (IBMX) mejoran la capacidad y la motilidad del esperma humano" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1305 "Ancho" => 1667 "Tamanyo" => 190530 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of mean percentage of PMS in experimental groups. Values are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD. Statistical analysis was performed by the paired <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test. PMS; progressive motile sperms. *<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05, ***<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Hamid Piroozmanesh, Rahil Jannatifar, Seyyed Meisam Ebrahimi, Hoda Fazaeli, Lila Naserpoor, Eva Dimitriadis, Reza Nejatbakhsh" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hamid" "apellidos" => "Piroozmanesh" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rahil" "apellidos" => "Jannatifar" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Seyyed Meisam" "apellidos" => "Ebrahimi" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hoda" "apellidos" => "Fazaeli" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lila" "apellidos" => "Naserpoor" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eva" "apellidos" => "Dimitriadis" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Reza" "apellidos" => "Nejatbakhsh" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1698031X2200036X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1698031X/00000020000000S1/v1_202210140605/S1698031X2200036X/v1_202210140605/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1698031X22000115" "issn" => "1698031X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-10-01" "aid" => "294" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Andrología, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Int Androl. 2022;20 Supl 1:S2-S16" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Long-term exposure to cimetidine induced gonado-toxicity in male rats: Modulating role of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocimum gratissimum</span>" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S2" "paginaFinal" => "S16" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Toxicidad de la gónada inducida por la exposición a largo plazo a cimetidina en ratas macho: rol modulador de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocimum gratissimum</span>" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1257 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 303733 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Effects of aqueous extract of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocimum gratissimum</span> on sperm morphology in cimetidine induced testicular toxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats, Values are expressed as Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S.E.M., <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6 in each group, *: represent significant different from control, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span>: represent significant different from group C, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span>: represent significant different from group B at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05, One-Way ANOVA. Group A: Control (2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml normal saline), Group B: 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg bwt of Ocimum gratissimum extract, Group C: 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg bwt of cimetidine, Group D: 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg bwt of cimetidine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg bwt of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocimum gratissimum</span> extract. N. morphology: Normal morphology.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Sunday Aderemi Adelakun, Babatunde Ogunlade, Olalekan Wasiu Akintunde, Victoria Ojima Omilachi" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sunday Aderemi" "apellidos" => "Adelakun" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Babatunde" "apellidos" => "Ogunlade" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Olalekan Wasiu" "apellidos" => "Akintunde" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Victoria Ojima" "apellidos" => "Omilachi" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1698031X22000115?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1698031X/00000020000000S1/v1_202210140605/S1698031X22000115/v1_202210140605/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Effect of sunitinib on testicular oxidative and proinflammatory damage induced by ischemia–reperfusion in rats" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S17" "paginaFinal" => "S23" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Ercument Keskin, Abdullah Erdogan, Halis Suleyman, Gulce Naz Yazici, Mukadder Sunar, Mehmet Ali Gul" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Ercument" "apellidos" => "Keskin" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "keskinerc@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Abdullah" "apellidos" => "Erdogan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Halis" "apellidos" => "Suleyman" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Gulce Naz" "apellidos" => "Yazici" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mukadder" "apellidos" => "Sunar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mehmet Ali" "apellidos" => "Gul" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efecto de sunitinib en el daño oxidativo y proinflamatorio testicular inducido por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1056 "Ancho" => 1405 "Tamanyo" => 365798 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological view. (a) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained testicular tissue of the control group; <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271261"></elsevierMultimedia>: germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271262"></elsevierMultimedia>: blood vessel, ×200. (b) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained testicular tissue of the TTD; <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271263"></elsevierMultimedia>: thin germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271264"></elsevierMultimedia>: necrotic cell accumulation, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271265"></elsevierMultimedia>: edema and separation observed in the interstitial tissue, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271266"></elsevierMultimedia>: congested blood vessel, ×200. (c) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained testicular tissue of the TTD; <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271267"></elsevierMultimedia>: thin germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271268"></elsevierMultimedia>: degenerated Sertoli cell released into the lumen, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271269"></elsevierMultimedia>: edema and separation observed in the interstitial tissue, <elsevierMultimedia ident="2022101406052712610"></elsevierMultimedia>: dilated and congested blood vessel, ×200. (d) Hematoxylin–eosin-stained testicular tissue of the ischemia/reperfusion group that received sunitinib; <elsevierMultimedia ident="2022101406052712611"></elsevierMultimedia>: germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="2022101406052712612"></elsevierMultimedia>: blood vessel, ×200.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Testicular torsion or the torsion of the spermatic cord are among urological emergencies that mostly require surgery, especially in children and young men. Testicular torsion causes ischemia, which can lead to permanent damage to the testicles even if detorsion is successfully performed. As a result, apoptosis, testicular atrophy, and impaired spermatogenesis may cause infertility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Unilateral testicular torsion causes damage to the opposite testicle. Human and animal studies performed to date have shown defects in spermatogenesis after torsion, but the pathogenesis of these findings has not yet been fully elucidated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> While ischemia results in tissue damage, the damage caused by reperfusion is greater. Due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), large amounts of reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS) are generated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The protective roles of many therapeutic agents have been reported in organ injuries due to I/R injury. Sunitinib, which was investigated in this study in terms of its protective effect against testicular I/R damage, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma and gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors resistant to imatinibs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This group of drugs represents a new class of target-specific antineoplastics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Sunitinib has been reported to have the ability to inhibit the reduction in cisplatin-associated glutathione (GSH) and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It has also been documented that sunitinib inhibits the basal activity of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> These findings from the literature suggest that sunitinib may be useful in the treatment of testicular I/R damage. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in the literature investigating the effect of sunitinib on testicular oxidative damage caused by I/R. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sunitinib on I/R-induced oxidative testicular damage in rats, using biochemical and histopathological analyses.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and method</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ethical approval was obtained from the Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine (dated 21.10.2019 and numbered 77040475-641.04-E.1900299746).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the study, male Wistar albino rats were obtained from the Medical Experimental Application and Research Center of the university. A total of 18 male Wistar albino rats weighing 280–290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g were used for the experiment. The animals were housed and fed at normal room temperature (22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C) prior to the experiment.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ketamine and sunitinib used in the experiment were supplied from Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Limited Company (Turkey).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The experimental animals were divided into three groups of six rats each: testicular torsion–detorsion (TTD), sunitinib<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>testicular torsion–detorsion (STD), and sham control (SC).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sunitinib (25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg) was orally administered to the STD group by gavage. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) was orally administered to the TTD and SC groups as the solvent. One hour after the administration of sunitinib and 0.9% NaCl, all the rats were done torsion–detorsion.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Before the surgical procedures, the rats were given 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg ketamine intraperitoneally and made to inhalexylazine at appropriate intervals to achieve anesthesia. When the animals are immobile in the supine position is considered to be an appropriate anesthetic period for surgical intervention.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Surgical procedure</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surgical interventions were performed under sterile conditions in a suitable laboratory environment. The scrotum of the animals in all groups was disinfected with 10% povidone iodine solution, and then a 2-cm vertical skin and subcutaneous incision was made on the scrotum midline. In the scrotal space, the right testicle was removed by blunt dissection from the gubernaculum together with the tunica vaginalis and spermatic cord. In the SC group, the testicles of the rats were replaced into the scrotum without any further treatment. For the TTD and STD groups, torsion was achieved by rotating the testes 720° for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. At the end of this period, detorsion was performed, and perfusion was applied for four hours. After each procedure, the incision area was closed with sterile sponge moistened with physiological solution. Then, the rats in all groups were killed by high-dose anesthesia, and their testicles were removed. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out on the removed testicular tissues. The results obtained from the TTD and STD groups were evaluated by comparing them to the SC group.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Biochemical analyses</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For sample preparation, from each tissue removed during the surgical procedure, all tissue were rinsed with phosphate buffered saline solution and 0.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g was weighed. Tissue homogenized in ice-cold 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml phosphate buffers (50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM, pH 7,4) that were appropriate for the variable to be measured.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> It was then centrifuged at +4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 10,000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm for 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. The supernatant portion was used as the analysis sample for, MDA, tGSH, TNF-α, NF-κB and protein concentration. The protein concentration of the supernatant measured with the method described by Bradford.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malondialdehyde (MDA) detection is based on the spectrophotometric measurement, at 532-nm wavelength, of the absorbance of the pink complex formed by MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) at high temperature (95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C). Into test tubes with caps were pipetted 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of homogenate, 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 750<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of 20% acetic acid, 750<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of 0.08% TBA, and 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of pure water, which was then vortexed. After the mixture was incubated at 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min, 2.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of n-Butanol was added, and the spectrophotometric measurement was undertaken. The amount of red color formed was read at 532<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm using 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml cuvettes, and the MDA amount of the samples was determined based on the standard graphic created using the MDA stock solution prepared by considering the dilution coefficients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DTNB [5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)] in the measuring medium is a disulfide chromogen and easily reduced by compounds with the sulfhydryl group. The resulting yellow color was measured spectrophotometrically at 412<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm. 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl measuring buffer (200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM Tris–HCl with 0.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM EDTA, pH 8.2), 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl supernatant, 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl DTNB and 7,900<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl methanol were pipetted into test tubes with caps and vortexed. The mixture was incubated at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min, and then measurements were made by a spectrophotometer. The amount of yellow color formed was read at 412<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm using 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml quartz cuvettes, and the GSH amount of the samples was determined based on the standard graphic created using the previously prepared GSH stock solution considering the dilution coefficients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tissue-homogenate NF-κB and TNF-α concentrations were measured using the rat-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rat NF-κB ELISA immunoassay kits (Cat. No:201-11-0288, SunRed), and rat TNF-α ELISA kits (Cat no: YHB1098Ra, Shanghai LZ). The analyses were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Briefly, monoclonal antibody specific for rat NF-κB and TNF-α were coated onto the wells of the microplates. The tissue homogenate, standards and biotinylated monoclonal antibody-specific and streptavidin-HRP were pipetted into these wells, and then incubated at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. After washing, chromogen reagent A and chromogen reagent B were added, upon which the bound enzyme acted to produce a color. The sample was incubated at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min; then, stop solution was added. The intensity of the colored product is directly proportional to the concentration of rat NF-κB and TNF-α present in the original specimen. At the end of the course, the well plates were read at 450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm. The absorbance of the samples was calculated with formulas based on standard graphics.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Histopathological analysis</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The testicular tissues of the subjects were taken into 10% formaldehyde solution and fixed for 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. After the fixation process, the tissues were taken into the cassette and washed in running water for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, and then purified by passing through increased alcohol series (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%). The testicular tissues, which were made transparent in xylol, were embedded in paraffin blocks, and sections of 4–5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm thickness were taken. The sections were double-stained with hematoxylin–eosin and photographed in Olympus DP2-SAL firmware program (Olympus® Inc. Tokyo, Japan). The histopathological evaluation was performed by a histologist blinded to the study groups.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I/R resulted in tissue damage of varying degrees of severity in different areas of the rat testicles. The rating system recommended by Cosentino et al. was used to evaluate the histopathological changes caused by I/R injury. In this process, each region of the testicle was given a different score, and for each testicle, the final Cosentino grade was calculated by multiplying the grade of each area by the percentage of the total surface it occupied.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Cosentino's grading system is presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 (SPSS®, IL, USA) and presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation (SD). The parametric data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by the post-hoc Tukey test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for the non-parametric data. A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Biochemical results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The MDA levels in the SC, TTD and STD groups were measured as 1.113<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μmol/g protein, 5.488<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.278<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μmol/g protein, and 2.107<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μmol/g protein, respectively. It was observed that the results in the STD group were close to those of the SC group and statistically significant lower compared to the TTD group. The tGSH measurements in the SC, TTD, STD and SC groups were 7.041<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.158<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μmol/g protein, 3.165<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.174<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μmol/g protein, and 6.283<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.238<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μmol/g protein, respectively. The tGSH values were statistically significantly higher in the STD group compared to the TTD group. The TNF-α levels were measured as 3.433<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.504<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/g protein, 7.833<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.280<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/g protein, and 3.933<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.338<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/g protein for the SC, TTD, and STD groups, respectively, indicating that the results of the STD group were statistically significantly lower than those of the TTD group. The NFκB values were found to be 2.700<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.334<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/g protein, 6.767<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.294<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/g protein, and 3.400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.473<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/g protein, respectively for the SC, TTD, and STD groups, respectively, revealing a statistically significant difference between the TTD and STD groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). In the binary comparison of the groups, no statistically significant difference was detected between the SC and STD groups only in the TNF-α molecule. In all other binary comparisons, the difference between the groups was found statistically significant. The mean differences between the groups are given in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Histopathological results</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the histopathological examination of the testicular sections of the SC group, the germinal epithelium, developing spermatogenic cell lines, the boundaries and lumen width of the seminiferous tubule, interstitial connective tissue, and blood vessel structures were normal (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>a). When the TTD, it was observed that the germinal epithelium containing spermatogenic cell series had a reduced cell density and this epithelium was thinner compared to the control group. The accumulation of necrotic cells in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule, and edema and separations in the area of the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules were also noted (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>b). In the sections belonging to the same group, dilated and congested blood vessels were found in places. In addition, Sertoli cells of the germinal epithelium with a reduced number of layers were observed to be degenerated, separated from the basement membrane and released into the lumen (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>c). When the STD group was evaluated, the thickness of the germinal epithelium and the cell arrangement of the germinal epithelium were similar to the group, and the cells exhibited normal morphology. It was noted that the interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules was non-edematous and had a normal structure, and the blood vessels were also normal (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>d). The average grade of I/R injury according to the Consentino scoring system statistically significantly differed between the groups (SC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>STD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TTD) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Testicular torsion creates ischemic damage and detorsion causes reperfusion damage, resulting in some structural and biochemical alterations in the tissue. Studies have shown that free oxygen radicals are responsible for tissue damage due to I/R.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> I/R caused by torsion–detorsion leads to testicular damage. During ischemia, germ cell death occurs due to low oxygen content that cannot meet metabolic needs, reduced cellular energy stores, and accumulation of toxic metabolites.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Therefore, testicular torsion is a condition that requires urgent surgical intervention. The damage seen during ischemia increases with reperfusion. Reperfusion injury is closely related to neutrophil infiltration and increased ROS, which results in the peroxidation of lipids in the cell membrane.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> In addition to ROS generation in testicular endothelial cells, the I/R event causes the stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and NF-κB. Furthermore, there is a decrease in reductive GSH levels and a significant increase in malondialdehyde production.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In many studies, MDA, the end product of lipid peroxidation, has been reported to increase in I/R injury in developing tissues.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Elevated MDA leads to the cross-linking of cell membrane compounds and impairment of ion permeability and enzyme activity, resulting in cell death. It is known that tGSH has the ability to neutralize free radicals caused by oxidative damage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> GSH protects cells against oxidative stress damage by going into a reaction with free radicals and peroxides. It also provides the detoxification of foreign compounds and the transport of amino acids through membranes, and it is vital in protecting leukocytes and erythrocytes against oxidative stress. In the literature, GSH levels have been shown to be considerably decreased due to testicular torsion and detorsion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In our study, we observed that the MDA values were increased in the TTD group while in the STD group, they approached those of the SC group. Similarly, it was determined that the tGSH values were decreased in the TTD group and significantly increased in the STD group. Considering the results of both MDA and tGSH, sunitinib had an apparent protective effect of on the testicular tissue.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TNF-a is secreted from polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated during I/R.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Lysiak et al. reported increased TNF-a levels in the testicular tissue after the reperfusion procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Many experimental studies have reported that the levels of IL-1þ and TNF-a are increased in the I/R-treated testicle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,22</span></a> In our study, it was observed that TNF-a was significantly lower in the STD group compared to the TTD group. To date, no other study has shown that sunitinib prevents the increase in TNF-a due to I/R damage in the testicular tissue.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the inflammation period, fibrosis occurs in the tissues via nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Sunitinib, an NFκB antagonist, is effective in reducing fibrosis and tissue damage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> NFκB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including embryonic and neuronal development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses for infection and inflammation. The irregularity of NFκB signaling is associated with inflammatory diseases and some cancers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> The NFKB pathway plays a major role in testicular reperfusion injuries; thus, it is possible to prevent such injuries using a selective NFκB inhibitor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Sunitinib inhibits the basal activity of the NFκB pathway.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In our study, the NFκB values were significantly lower in the STD group compared to the TTD group. In another experimental study, Erbas et al. induced ovarian fibrosis by diabetes in rats and found that leading to the increase in the NFκB values due to fibrosis was reversed by sunitinib treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, sunitinib prevented histopathological changes in the testicular tissue caused by I/R damage. Sunitinib was shown to protect testicular tissue against I/R injury through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Further studies based on these findings may be useful in evaluating promising drugs for the prevention of I/R damage to testicles.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the relevant clinical research ethics committee and with those of the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki).</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data.</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no conflict of interest of any authors in relation to the submission.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1782543" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material-method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1563929" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1782544" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material-método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1563928" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Surgical procedure" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Biochemical analyses" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Histopathological analysis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Biochemical results" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Histopathological results" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-04-09" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-10-17" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1563929" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Antineoplastics drugs" 1 => "Ischemia/reperfusion" 2 => "Sunitinib" 3 => "Testis" 4 => "Torsion–detorsion" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1563928" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Fármacos antineoplásicos" 1 => "Isquemia/reperfusión" 2 => "Sunitinib" 3 => "Testículo" 4 => "Torsión-detorsión" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aimed to biochemically and histopathologically investigate the effect of sunitinib on oxidative testicular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material-method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Experimental animals were divided into three groups of six rats each: testicular torsion–detorsion (TTD), sunitinib<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>testicular torsion–detorsion (STD), and sham control (SC). Sunitinib (25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg) was administered orally to the STD group by gavage. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) was administered orally to the TTD and control groups as the solvent. One hour after administration of sunitinib and 0.9% NaCl, all animal groups were done torsion–detorsion. Then, all the rats were killed by high-dose anesthesia, and their testicles were removed. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed on the removed testicular tissues.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Malondialdehyde; it was observed that the results in the STD group were close to those of the SC group and statistically significant lower compared to the TTD group (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). The glutathione values were statistically significantly higher in the STD group compared to the TTD group (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). Nuclear factor kappa B values, revealing a statistically significant difference between the TTD and STD groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). The TNF-α levels were measured and indicating that the results of the STD group were statistically significantly lower than those of the TTD group (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). Histopathologically, animal tissues given sunitinib were observed to resemble normal tissues.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sunitinib was shown to prevent histopathological changes in testicular tissue against ischemia/reperfusion damage.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material-method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar bioquímica e histopatológicamente el efecto del sunitinib en el daño testicular oxidativo inducido por isquemia/reperfusión en ratas.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material-método</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los animales experimentales se dividieron en tres grupos de seis ratas cada uno: torsión-detorsión testicular (TTD), sunitinib + torsión-detorsión testicular (STD) y control simulado (SC). El sunitinib (25 mg/kg) se administró por vía oral al grupo STD por sonda. Se proporcionó por vía oral solución salina normal (NaCl al 0,9%) a los grupos TTD y control como disolvente. Una hora después de la administración de sunitinib y NaCI al 0,9%, se realizó una torsión-detorsión a todos los grupos de animales. A continuación, todas las ratas fueron sacrificadas con anestesia de alta dosis y se les extrajeron los testículos. Se realizaron exámenes bioquímicos e histopatológicos de los tejidos testiculares extraídos.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Malondialdehído; se observó que los resultados en el grupo STD eran cercanos a los del grupo SC y estadísticamente significativos más bajos en comparación con el grupo TTD (p = 0,001). Los valores de glutatión fueron estadísticamente significativos más altos en el grupo STD en comparación con el de TTD (p < 0,001). Los valores del factor nuclear kappa B, revelaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos TTD y STD (p < 0,001). Se midieron los niveles de TNF-α e indicaron que los resultados del grupo de ETS fueron estadísticamente significativos más bajos que los del ETV (p < 0,001). Desde el punto de vista histopatológico, se observó que los tejidos de los animales a los que se les administró sunitinib se parecían a los tejidos normales.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se demostró que el sunitinib previene los cambios histopatológicos en el tejido testicular frente al daño por isquemia/reperfusión.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material-método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1056 "Ancho" => 1405 "Tamanyo" => 365798 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histopathological view. (a) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained testicular tissue of the control group; <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271261"></elsevierMultimedia>: germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271262"></elsevierMultimedia>: blood vessel, ×200. (b) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained testicular tissue of the TTD; <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271263"></elsevierMultimedia>: thin germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271264"></elsevierMultimedia>: necrotic cell accumulation, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271265"></elsevierMultimedia>: edema and separation observed in the interstitial tissue, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271266"></elsevierMultimedia>: congested blood vessel, ×200. (c) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained testicular tissue of the TTD; <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271267"></elsevierMultimedia>: thin germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271268"></elsevierMultimedia>: degenerated Sertoli cell released into the lumen, <elsevierMultimedia ident="202210140605271269"></elsevierMultimedia>: edema and separation observed in the interstitial tissue, <elsevierMultimedia ident="2022101406052712610"></elsevierMultimedia>: dilated and congested blood vessel, ×200. (d) Hematoxylin–eosin-stained testicular tissue of the ischemia/reperfusion group that received sunitinib; <elsevierMultimedia ident="2022101406052712611"></elsevierMultimedia>: germinal epithelium, <elsevierMultimedia ident="2022101406052712612"></elsevierMultimedia>: blood vessel, ×200.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal testicular architecture with an orderly arrangement of germinal cells \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Injury showed less orderly, non-cohesive germinal cells and closely packed seminiferous tubules \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Injury exhibited disordered sloughed germinal cells, with reduced size of pyknotic nuclei and less distinct seminiferous tubule borders \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Injury exhibited seminiferous tubules that were closely packed with coagulative necrosis of the germinal cells \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cosentino's grading system.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SC: sham control, TTD: testicular torsion–detorsion, STD: sunitinib<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>testicular torsion–detorsion, MDA: malondialdehyde, tGSH: total glutathione, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B.</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are expressed as Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD. Data in each column were compared analytically. The numbers with different superscript letters significantly differ from each other (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05).</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MDA μmol/g protein<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">tGSH<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nmol/g protein<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TNF-α pg/g protein<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NF-κB pg/g protein<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.113<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.041<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.158<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.433<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.504<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.700<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.334<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TTD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.488<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.278<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.165<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.174<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.833<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.280<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.767<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.294<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">STD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.107<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.06<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.283<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.238<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.933<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.338<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.473<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">ANOVA.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Kruskal–Wallis test.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of tissue levels of all groups in terms of the molecules and binary comparison of the molecules examined.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271261" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 47 "Tamanyo" => 659 ] ] ] 4 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271262" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 46 "Ancho" => 49 "Tamanyo" => 779 ] ] ] 5 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271263" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 47 "Tamanyo" => 659 ] ] ] 6 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271264" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx3.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 27 "Tamanyo" => 592 ] ] ] 7 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271265" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx4.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 612 ] ] ] 8 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271266" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 46 "Ancho" => 49 "Tamanyo" => 779 ] ] ] 9 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271267" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 47 "Tamanyo" => 659 ] ] ] 10 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271268" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx5.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 34 "Tamanyo" => 589 ] ] ] 11 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202210140605271269" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx4.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 612 ] ] ] 12 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2022101406052712610" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 46 "Ancho" => 49 "Tamanyo" => 779 ] ] ] 13 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2022101406052712611" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 47 "Tamanyo" => 659 ] ] ] 14 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2022101406052712612" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 46 "Ancho" => 49 "Tamanyo" => 779 ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The molecular pathology of experimental testicular torsion suggests adjunct therapy to surgical repair" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T.T. Turner" 1 => "H.J. Bang" 2 => "J.L. Lysiak" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000144203.30718.19" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "172" "paginaInicial" => "2574" "paginaFinal" => "2578" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15538211" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Leydig cell function after experimental testicular torsion despite loss of spermatogenesis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.A. Baker" 1 => "T.T. Turner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Androl" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "12" "paginaFinal" => "17" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7768748" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Protective effect of hydrogen sulphite on experimental testicular ischemia reperfusion in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Bozkurt" 1 => "R.B. Degirmentepe" 2 => "E.C. Polat" 3 => "F. Yildirim" 4 => "K. Sonmez" 5 => "M. Cekmen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Urol" "fecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scrotal cutaneous toxicity: an uncommon but important side-effect of sunitinib" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V. Gupta" 1 => "A. Rao" 2 => "S. Gupta" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/jdv.12615" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "133" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25060046" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stomatitis and VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VR-TKIs): a review of current literature in 4369 patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Arena" 1 => "G. Troiano" 2 => "A. De Lillo" 3 => "N.F. Testa" 4 => "L. Lo Muzio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biomed Res Int" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "5035217" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Suddek GM. Sunitinib improves chemotherapeutic efficacy and ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011;67:1035–44." ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Blockade of NFκB activity by Sunitinib increases cell death in Bortezomib-treated endometrial carcinoma cells" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Sorolla" 1 => "A. Yeramian" 2 => "J. Valls" 3 => "X. Dolcet" 4 => "L. Bergadà" 5 => "A. Llombart-Cussac" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.molonc.2012.06.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mol Oncol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "530" "paginaFinal" => "541" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22819259" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.J. Weydert" 1 => "J.J. Cullen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/nprot.2009.197" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Protoc" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "66" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20057381" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.M. Bradford" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1006/abio.1976.9999" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anal Biochem" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "72" "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "254" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/942051" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H. Ohkawa" 1 => "N. Ohishi" 2 => "K. Yagi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anal Biochem" "fecha" => "1979" "volumen" => "95" "paginaInicial" => "351" "paginaFinal" => "358" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36810" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Sedlak" 1 => "R.H. Lindsay" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/0003-2697(68)90092-4" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anal Biochem" "fecha" => "1968" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "192" "paginaFinal" => "205" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4973948" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Histological changes occurring in the contralateral testes of prepubertal rats subjected to various durations of unilateral spermatic cord torsion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.J. Cosentino" 1 => "M. Nishida" 2 => "R. Rabinowitz" 3 => "A.T. Cockett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49278-0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "133" "paginaInicial" => "906" "paginaFinal" => "911" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3989935" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mechanisms of oxygen activation and reactive oxygen species detoxification" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E. Cadenas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "fecha" => "1995" "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "47" "editorial" => "Chapman and Hall" "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A platelet activating factor antagonist attenuates the effects of testicular ischemia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.S. Palmer" 1 => "W.J. Crornie" 2 => "L.F. Plazak" 3 => "A.R. Leff" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00005392-199709000-00128" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "158" "paginaInicial" => "1186" "paginaFinal" => "1190" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9258168" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effects of α-lipoik acid against testicular ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Ozbal" 1 => "B.U. Ergur" 2 => "G. Erbil" 3 => "I. Tekmen" 4 => "A. Bağrıyanık" 5 => "Z. Cavdar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sci World J" "fecha" => "2012" "paginaInicial" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha by fenofibrate in induced testicular ischemia reperfusion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.M.M. Refaie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biomed Pharmacother" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "507" "paginaFinal" => "515" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The investigation of the protective effects of nimesulide on experimental testicular ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E.C. Polat" 1 => "A. Bozkurt" 2 => "F.K. Cimen" 3 => "M. Gulaboglu" 4 => "D. Altuner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Int Androl" "fecha" => "2018" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prospects for treatment of free radical-mediated tissue injury" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "U. Rangan" 1 => "G.B. Bulkley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072641" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br Med Bull" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "49" "paginaInicial" => "700" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8221033" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">l</span>-Alanyl-glutamine dipeptide pretreatment attenuates ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat testis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.P. Leitao" 1 => "J.M. Santos" 2 => "R.C. Vasconcelos" 3 => "J.H. Garcia" 4 => "P.R. Vasconcelos" 5 => "Guimaraes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1590/s0102-86502011000700005" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Cir Bras" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "26" "numero" => "Suppl. 1" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "25" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21971652" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reactive oxygen metabolites, neutrophils, and the pathogenesis of ischemic-tissue/reperfusion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.J. Korthuis" 1 => "D.N. Granger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/clc.4960161307" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cardiol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "16" "numero" => "Suppl. 1" "paginaInicial" => "I19" "paginaFinal" => "I26" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8472394" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ischemia–reperfusion of the murine testis stimulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase in a pathway to E-selectin expression" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.J. Lysiak" 1 => "Q.A. Nguyen" 2 => "J.L. Kirby" 3 => "T.T. Turner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1095/biolreprod.102.013318" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Reprod" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "202" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12620934" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ginkgo Biloba ameliorates subfertility induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult Wistar rats: a possible new mitochondrial mechanism" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.I. Ahmed" 1 => "N.N. Lasheen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2016/6959274" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oxid Med Cell Longev" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "2016" "paginaInicial" => "6959274" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101298" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "VEGF expression in human macrophages is NF-kappaB-dependent: studies using adenoviruses expressing the endogenous NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha and a kinase-defective form of the IkappaB kinase 2" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Kiriakidis" 1 => "E. Andreakos" 2 => "C. Monaco" 3 => "B. Foxwell" 4 => "M. Feldmann" 5 => "E. Paleolog" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1242/jcs.00286" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cell Sci" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "116" "numero" => "Pt 4" "paginaInicial" => "665" "paginaFinal" => "674" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12538767" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identification of known drugs that act as inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling and their mechanism of action" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.C. Miller" 1 => "R. Huang" 2 => "S. Sakamuru" 3 => "S.J. Shukla" 4 => "M.S. Attene-Ramos" 5 => "P. Shinn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biochem Pharmacol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1272" "paginaFinal" => "1280" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Selective nuclear factor kappa b (NFkB) inhibitor, pyrrolidium dithiocarbamate prevents, long-term histologic damage in ischemia–reperfusion injuries after delayed testicular torsion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Ozcan" 1 => "A. Otunctemur" 2 => "E.C. Polat" 3 => "E. Ozbek" 4 => "S.L. Kirecci" 5 => "A. Somay" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol J" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "2702" "paginaFinal" => "2706" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351326" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Therapeutic effect of sunitinib on diabetes mellitus related ovarian injury: an experimental rat model study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "O. Erbas" 1 => "H.G. Pala" 2 => "E.E. Pala" 3 => "B. Artunc Ulkumen" 4 => "L. Akman" 5 => "T. Akman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3109/09513590.2015.1005593" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Gynecol Endocrinol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "388" "paginaFinal" => "391" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25703256" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/1698031X/00000020000000S1/v1_202210140605/S1698031X21000133/v1_202210140605/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "24465" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/1698031X/00000020000000S1/v1_202210140605/S1698031X21000133/v1_202210140605/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1698031X21000133?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2024 October | 21 | 9 | 30 |
| 2024 September | 35 | 20 | 55 |
| 2024 August | 40 | 14 | 54 |
| 2024 July | 12 | 14 | 26 |
| 2023 May | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2023 April | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2023 March | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2023 February | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2023 January | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2022 December | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2022 November | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2022 October | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2022 September | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2022 August | 0 | 3 | 3 |
Show all