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Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down
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Inicio Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down Espasmos infantiles y síndrome de Down
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Vol. 13. Issue 2.
Pages 22-24 (July 2009)
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Vol. 13. Issue 2.
Pages 22-24 (July 2009)
Caso clínico
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Espasmos infantiles y síndrome de Down
Infantile Spasms and Down Syndrome
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Andrés Nascimento1,2, Carlos Ortez1,
Corresponding author
ciortez@hsjdbcn.org

Correspondencia.
1 Centro de Desarrollo Infantil y Atención Temprana (CDIAP) de la FCSD, Barcelona
2 Centro Médico Down de la FCSD, Barcelona
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Resumen

Los espasmos infantiles fueron originalmente descritos por West en el año 1841. Cuando se acompañan de retraso psicomotor y patrón electroencefalográfico de hipsarritmia, se denomina síndrome de West.

Referimos el caso de tres pacientes con síndrome de Down que presentaron espasmos infantiles acompañados de retraso psicomotor y un patrón electroencefalográfico no hipsarrítmico. A pesar de su diagnóstico precoz y el inicio de farmacoterapia con múltiples fármacos, la evolución continúa siendo mórbida, persisten las crisis convulsivas, el retraso psicomotor y anomalías en el EEG. Por la secuencia mórbida probablemente evolucionen a síndrome de Lennox Gastaut. Existen series que reportan una evolución satisfactoria de pacientes con síndrome de Down que presentan síndrome de West. Conclusión: en pacientes con síndrome de Down y espasmos infantiles acompañados de retraso psicomotor y EEG anormal con un patrón no hipsarrítmico, a pesar de un tratamiento adecuado, la evolución puede ser desfavorable con una persistencia de las crisis convulsivas y un desarrollo psicomotor gravemente alterado.

Palabras clave:
Espasmos infantiles
Patrón no hipsarritmico
Síndrome de Down
Abstract

Infantile spasms were originally described by West in 1841. West syndrome is the term employed when such spasms are concomitant with delayed psychomotor development and EEG hypsarrhythmia.

The present article discusses three cases of patients with Down syndrome who had infantile spams with psychomotor retardation but a nonhypsarrhythmic EEG pattern. Despite early diagnosis and early combination drug therapy, the condition persists, with seizures, psychomotor delay and abnormal EEG patterns. The sequence of events appears likely to develop into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS).

Several published case series report good progress in patients with Down syndrome and West syndrome.

We conclude that despite adequate treatment, patients with Down syndrome and infantile spasms with psychomotor delay and abnormal but non-hypsarrhythmic EEG may have poor disease progression, with persistence of seizures and severely impaired psychomotor development.

Key words:
Infantile spasms
Nonhypsarrhythmic pattern
Down syndrome
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Copyright © 2009. FCSD. All rights reserved
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