Record of the rare oceanic salp Helicosalpa komaii (Tunicata: Thaliacea: Salpida) in the Northeast Pacific
Registro de una especie oceánica rara de salpa Helicosalpa komaii (Tunicata: Thaliacea: Salpida) en el Pacífico nororiental
1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Km 103, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
2 Departamento de Ecología y Sistemática Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Av. Centenario, Km 5.5, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
3 Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación y de Educación Superior de Ensenada. Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km 107, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
Read
4359
Timeswas read the article
596
Total PDF
3763
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1870345314707912" "issn" => "18703453" "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.36638" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-06-01" "aid" => "70791" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "copyrightAnyo" => "2014" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:624-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1545 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 41 "HTML" => 1259 "PDF" => 245 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1870345314707924" "issn" => "18703453" "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.41599" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-06-01" "aid" => "70792" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:630-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 847 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 31 "HTML" => 511 "PDF" => 305 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Nuevo registro de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dactyloscopus amnis</span> (Perciformes: Dactyloscopidae) (miraestrellas) para el estado de Jalisco, México" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "630" "paginaFinal" => "632" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "New record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dactyloscopus amnis</span> (Perciformes: Dactyloscopidae) (stargazer) for the State of Jalisco, Mexico" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 804 "Ancho" => 2009 "Tamanyo" => 170196 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dactyloscopus amnis</span> (Pisces: Dactyloscopidae) del río San Nicolás, Jalisco, México. El individuo tiene una longitud total de 116<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm; a, vista lateral; b, vista dorsal; c, acercamiento del área de la cabeza. Fotografías por N. Mercado-Silva y W. H. Brandenburg.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Norman Mercado-Silva, Luis Manuel Martínez-Rivera" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Norman" "apellidos" => "Mercado-Silva" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luis Manuel" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Rivera" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314707924?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000002/v1_201501071639/S1870345314707924/v1_201501071639/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1870345314707900" "issn" => "18703453" "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.40428" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-06-01" "aid" => "70790" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:621-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1149 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 31 "HTML" => 654 "PDF" => 464 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Registro de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Herpetogramma bipunctalis</span> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambidae) sobre la invasora <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alternanthera philoxeroides</span> (Amaranthaceae) en Tamaulipas, México" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "621" "paginaFinal" => "623" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Herpetogramma bipunctalis</span> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambidae) on the invasive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alternanthera philoxeroides</span> (Amaranthaceae) in Tamaulipas, Mexico" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 708 "Ancho" => 973 "Tamanyo" => 127019 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Localización del área de estudio “La Burrita” en la frontera México-Estados Unidos de Norteamérica.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Manuel Lara-Villalón, Arturo Mora-Olivo, Gerardo Sánchez-Ramos, José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Lara-Villalón" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Arturo" "apellidos" => "Mora-Olivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gerardo" "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Ramos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Guadalupe" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Ávalos" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314707900?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000002/v1_201501071639/S1870345314707900/v1_201501071639/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Record of the rare oceanic salp <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> (Tunicata: Thaliacea: Salpida) in the Northeast Pacific" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "624" "paginaFinal" => "629" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Clara M. Hereu, Eduardo Suárez-Morales, Bertha E. Lavaniegos" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Clara M." "apellidos" => "Hereu" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "chereu@uabc.edu.mx" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo" "apellidos" => "Suárez-Morales" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Bertha E." "apellidos" => "Lavaniegos" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Km 103, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico." "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Ecología y Sistemática Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Av. Centenario, Km 5.5, 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico." "etiqueta" => "2" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación y de Educación Superior de Ensenada. Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km 107, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico." "etiqueta" => "3" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Registro de una especie oceánica rara de salpa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> (Tunicata: Thaliacea: Salpida) en el Pacífico nororiental" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1004 "Ancho" => 972 "Tamanyo" => 140649 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematic representation of general morphology and muscle band distribution of the solitary zooid of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span>: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Muscle numbers in Roman (I to VIII) from anterior (oral) to posterior (atrial) position. Oral musculature reconstructed following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a>.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Salps are pelagic tunicates widely distributed in all oceans, comprising the most diverse order among the thaliaceans (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Van Soest, 1998</a>). The order Salpida contains 1 family with 2 subfamilies: Cyclosalpinae <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount, 1954</a> including 2 genera, and Salpinae <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount, 1954</a> with eleven genera. Salps have wide zoogeographic distribution and the discovery of new species is considerably rare. Only a few new species have been added in the last decades to the worldwide 44 known species (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Van Soest, 1998</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Govindarajan et al., 2010</a>).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cyclosalpinae salps of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa</span> (Todaro, 1902) are among the most rarely collected. Currently, the genus contains 3 species: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa virgula</span> (Vogt, 1854), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span> Kashkina 1973, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 1936</a>), a species originally described as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cyclosalpa komaii</span> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Van Soest, 2013</a>). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa virgula</span> has the widest zoogeographic distribution and is the most frequent species reported in the genus. This large species has been recorded from different localities<a name="p625"></a> in the Mediterranean, the Atlantic Ocean and also from the Indian and the Pacific Oceans (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Fewer <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span> records exist, known only from the central Pacific, off India (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Van Soest, 1974</a>), and from Chilean waters; its aggregate zooid was recently described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al. (1998)</a>. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> is the rarest species with only 1 solitary and 30 aggregates zooids recorded in the western Pacific (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Komai, 1932</a>), a single solitary zooid reported in Central Pacific waters (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount, 1954</a>), a chain of 8 aggregates in the Gulf of California (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Madin, 1968</a>) and 14 aggregates zooids collected in the Indian Ocean (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Van Soest, 1974</a>). There are 2 recent additional records of the species, from southwest Taiwan (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Tew and Lo, 2005</a>) and off the coast of Peru (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Ayón et al., 2008</a>). Unfortunately, neither figures nor zooid specifications were provided by these authors. Here we report the extension range of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> in the Northeast Pacific, particularly off the coast of Baja California peninsula, Mexico.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The zooplankton sample containing the specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> reported here was obtained during a nighttime trawl carried out on February 14, 2004 at station 120.70 (26°52.7' N, 117°9.2' W; 17.19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C and 33.44 PSU at 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m depth) of the research program “Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California” (IMECOCAL, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Lavaniegos et al., 2006</a>). The zooplankton sample was collected with a Bongo net (71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm mouth diameter, 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm mesh size) obliquely towed from 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m depth to the surface. The zooplankton sample was preserved in a 4% formaldehyde solution buffered with sodium borate. The The specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> was deposited in the collection of zooplankton at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, in Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico (specimen catalog number ECO-CH-Z-6300).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The solitary zooid specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> collected and examined was physically damaged, since a section of the outer gelatinous tunic from the body wall was partially broken off. However, a careful handling of the organism in a wide glass container allowed a detailed observation of the main taxonomic features that distinguishes the solitary form of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> from the other species known of the same genus: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span>. Distinctive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> taxonomic features are: the presence of 2 ventral<a name="p626"></a> longitudinal muscles (found only in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa</span>, absent in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cyclosalpa</span>) stretching between the intermediate muscles and muscle VII, 1 dorsal longitudinal muscle, and a highly convoluted heart-shaped dorsal tubercle (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figs. 2</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another specimen corresponding to the aggregate form of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa</span> was also found in the same zooplankton sample, bearing a horn-like antero-dorsal projection, which is also present in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span>. The 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm length aggregate zooid resembled the sinistral individual of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> (figure 6B in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Komai, 1932</a>) in the presence of a roundish postero-ventral protrusion (not tapering posteriorly into a narrow point). The dorsal tubercle was not as convoluted as described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Van Soest (1974)</a> for the aggregate zooid of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span>. However, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al. (1998)</a> mention that this character is variable with size, being more convoluted in larger individuals. The disposition of body muscles and number of muscles fibers were difficult to observe in this small aggregate specimen, therefore its definitive identity remains dubious and emphasis is given on the collected solitary specimen.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only 2 other studies provide biometric measurements of the solitary form of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span>. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Komai (1932)</a> described the largest specimen known (230<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) from Seto, Japan, and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a> described another solitary (94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) collected south of Hawaii, outlining only slight differences between his and Komai's specimen. According to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Nakamura and Yount (1958)</a>, this species is among the largest salps known in the Pacific Ocean, together with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tethys vagina</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Salpa maxima</span>. We compared our specimen based on the taxonomic characters used in the 2 previous morphometric descriptions, particularly taking care of the muscle arrangement and the presence/absence of other relevant taxonomic characters.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Solitary form</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The solitary specimen from Baja California was approximately 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm length and 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm height, with a biovolume of 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL with 6 years of preservation after collection. Body muscles with variable number of muscles fibers (from 50 to 90). Total number of muscles fibers from M I to M VII=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>517. Muscles I and II conjoined near mid-dorsal line and continuing as 1 dorsal longitudinal muscle that joins M VII; it stretches backward ventrally at both sides of the body to form the paired ventral longitudinal muscles. Muscle VIII, named muscle Y in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a> description, emerges from the union of ventral longitudinal muscle with MVII, continuing dorsally as a single broad muscle (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i.e.</span>, non-branched as in Komai's description). Body muscles III-VI free dorsally, but fused ventrally to longitudinal muscles (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Oral musculature was similar to description in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a>, but there is a muscle joining the posterior dorsal lip with retractor (intermediate) muscle before the latter fuses to M I dorsally, as described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Komai (1932)</a>. A conspicuous heart-shaped dorsal tubercle highly convoluted (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). This was the main morphological feature to identify <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> at first sight. The alimentary canal had generic characteristics, extending obliquely and dorsally to gill-bar, bending posteriorly at level of M I. Two prominent caeca<a name="p627"></a> are present at the opposite extreme of the intestine. A stolon is formed between muscles VI and VII and extends forward in the mid-ventral line, reaching the anterior extreme of the salp. It was not possible to determine the place where the stolon emerged to the body surface because of loosening of the tunic in this section of the body. Strobilation was evident along the stolon; however, the forming aggregates were small and their arrangement pattern along the stolon was more irregular than the one typically observed in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> or other salp species. Atrial languets were absent, similar to the specimen described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a>, but this is an ambiguous morphological feature because atrial languets were present in the specimen described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Komai (1932)</a>.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to previous descriptions, the species is characterized by the presence of luminous organs forming a continuous line on each side of the body. This feature was not observed in the Baja California collected specimen, but vestiges of the luminous organs were detected. Overall, these structures are not as conspicuous in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> as they are in the other 2 species of the genus. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a> noted that they apparently are formed by sparse masses of cells. Chemical preservation and time elapsed after collection may distort the appearance of this structure (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al., 1998</a>).</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The total number of muscle fibers (M I-M VII) appears to be a taxonomic significant character to distinguish <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> from the other 2 species of the genus. This character is size and age independent and remains practically unaffected by chemical preservation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al., 1998</a>). Latitudinal variation in the total number of muscle fibers within a species has been reported, with an increasing number of muscle fibers from tropical to higher latitudes (Van Soest, 1975). The high number of muscles fibers determined for our specimen (517) surpasses the range known for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span> (with 343 and 346 determined in 2 solitary zooids) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al., 1998</a>). It is also 2-fold higher than that reported in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> whose solitary zooids have on average 264 and 218 total muscles fibers in cold and warm waters, respectively (Van Soest, 1975). Unfortunately, information on the total number of muscle fibers was not provided in the 2 previous descriptions of the solitary form of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> and no intra-species comparison of this character is possible. We propose that this is another significant taxonomic character to identify the solitary specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span>. For the aggregate zooid of the species, the average total number of muscle fibers from MI to MIV is 90 (range=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81–97), doubling that of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> aggregates (range=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27–51; Van Soest, 1974) and similar to the upper limit of the range (65–90) reported for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al., 1998</a>).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Salp biogeography is relevant because several species have been useful indicators of intrusions of warm oceanic waters into colder zones (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Fraser, 1962</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Blackburn, 1979</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">McAlice, 1986</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Sims, 1996</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Iguchi and Kidokoro, 2006</a>). A recent study on the variability of different zooplankton groups' abundance off Baja California within the period 1998–2007 denoted a marked seasonality in several taxa including salps. This seasonality is more notorious at the southern eco-region (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) due to a stronger influence of a tropical oceanic influx in that sector of the IMECOCAL area (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Durazo et al., 2010</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Lavaniegos et al., 2010</a>). This tropical influence is more pronounced during El Niño warm years and it is reflected in shifts in the species arrangement and geographic range extensions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Jiménez-Pérez and Lavaniegos, 2004</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Linacre, 2005</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Lavaniegos and Ambriz-Arreola, 2012</a>). The winter 2004, when the specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> was collected, was followed by the moderate 2002–2003 El Niño that resulted in a zooplankton community rich in tropical species off Baja California (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Lavaniegos and Ambriz-Arreola, 2012</a>). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> is distributed in low and mid latitudes in the Pacific Ocean, therefore its occurrence in the offshore station in the southern Baja California waters may have resulted from intrusion of warm water from the west-southwest toward the coast. Similarly, the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> and other warm water salp species (e.g. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thetys vagina, Ritteriella amboinensis, Thalia rhomboides</span>) off Oregon (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Hubbard and Pearcy, 1971</a>) and Baja California (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Berner, 1967</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Hereu et al., 2006</a>) were associated to the onshore intrusion of tropical waters of west-southwest origin and the weakening of the cold California Current during anomalous El Niño years. The high abundance of salps and other pelagic tunicates (i.e, doliolids) in the winter of 2004, mainly in the southern eco-region, reinforces the idea of a stronger influx of tropical oceanic waters in that area (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Lavaniegos et al., 2006</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Durazo, 2009</a>). The determination of salp taxonomic identity in the remaining stations off Baja California in the winter 2004 cruise will help to reinforce the hypothesis.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first report of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> in the California Current System (CCS) and the second report in the Northeast Pacific. With this new record, the number of salp species (gamma diversity) detected in Baja California waters is increased to 29 and to 30 in the Mexican Pacific (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Berner, 1967</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Esnal, 1976</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Hereu et al., 2006</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Lavaniegos and Hereu, 2009</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Hereu et al. 2010</a>). This report provides valuable information regarding the distribution of salps in the CCS given that there are no historical records of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> previously identified in the area, including the long term CALCOFI sampling program of more than 50 years (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Berner, 1967</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Blackburn, 1979</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Lavaniegos and Ohman, 2003</a>). Ecosystem changes were detected within the CCS from changes in the assemblages of pelagic tunicates<a name="p628"></a> over the period 1951–2002 in Southern California waters (Lavaniegos and Ohman, 2003). No <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa</span> species were listed among the salps reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Lavaniegos and Ohman (2003)</a>, hence it is still unclear if the occurrence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> in this sector of the northeast Pacific is new, or if it was not detected due to other factors. The pooling of samples before enumeration of organisms, as performed in that study, affects abundance estimates of rare organisms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Ohman and Lavaniegos, 2002</a>). Also, their study based on samples from one season (spring) and was restricted to an area north to the IMECOCAL area where <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> was found. Interestingly, most recent records of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> off California (2003, 2004 and 2005; Lavaniegos, unpublished data) coincide with a warming trend along most part of the CCS (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Mackas et al., 2006</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Lavaniegos, 2009</a>). The increased presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa</span> in the CCS and the process underlying this deserves further attention.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rosa María Hernández (ECOSUR-Chetumal) deposited the specimen in the Collection of Zooplankton and provided the catalogue number. Humberto Bahena Basave (ECOSUR-Chetumal) provided the photograph of the specimen. Valuable comments from Pablo Jorgensen improved an earlier version of the manuscript. The analysis of this additional material from the IMECOCAL cruises was possible with the aid of Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (E.S-M. grant number HC-020, 2009) and the Conacyt grant CB-129611 (for B.E. Lavaniegos). This work was completed during a post-doctoral research stay of the first author in ECOSUR-Chetumal. Two anonymous reviewers provided useful, constructive comments to improve a previous version of this contribution.</p></span></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres406719" "titulo" => "Abstract" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec382939" "titulo" => "Key words" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres406720" "titulo" => "Resumen" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec382940" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Solitary form" ] ] ] 5 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Literature cited" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-03-30" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-01-22" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec382939" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "salps" 1 => "marine zooplankton" 2 => "pelagic tunicates" 3 => "California Current" 4 => "Baja California" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec382940" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "salpas" 1 => "zooplancton marino" 2 => "tunicados pelágicos" 3 => "corriente de California" 4 => "Baja California" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report for the first time the presence of a rare salp <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> (Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 1936) on the west coast of Baja California peninsula (26°52.7' N, 117°09.2' W). The single specimen recorded was a solitary zooid of 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm length and 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of displacement volume. It was recognized by having a distinctive highly convoluted heart-shaped dorsal tubercle. The total number of muscle fibers in the solitary zooid (MI to MVII<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>517) surpassed that of the other 2 known congeners supporting its identity as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii. H. komaii</span> increases to 29 the total number of salps species reported in coastal and oceanic waters off north-central Baja California (gamma diversity). We hypothesize that the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> in the study area may be the result of onshore intrusions of subtropical waters originating west-southwest of the California Current domain.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se registra por primera vez la presencia de una especie rara de salpa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> (Ihle y Ihle Landenberg, 1936) en la costa oeste de la península de Baja California (26°52.7' N, 117°09.2' O). El ejemplar registrado fue un zooide solitario de 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm longitud total y una biomasa de 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml (volumen desplazado). El ejemplar fue reconocido por su característico tubérculo dorsal en forma de corazón. El número total de fibras musculares en el zooide solitario (MI a MVII= 517) superó el de los otros dos congéneres conocidos, apoyando su identificación como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span>. El registro de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> incrementó a 29 el número total de especies de salpas registradas en aguas costeras y oceánicas del centro-norte de Baja California (diversidad gamma). Nuestra hipótesis es que la presencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> en el área de estudio se debe a su acarreo hacia la costa por agua subtropical procedente del oeste-suroeste del dominio de la corriente de California.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 934 "Ancho" => 1406 "Tamanyo" => 170668 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Worldwide records of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa</span>: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> (squares), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. younti</span> (diamonds) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. virgula</span> (circles). The sampling grid off Baja California by IMECOCAL Program is detailed in lower left corner showing northern (N) and southern (S) sectors and the location of records of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. komaii</span> off Baja California and in the Gulf of California (GC). Locations were obtained from: <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Thompson, 1948</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount, 1954</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Madin, 1968</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Hubbard and Pearcy, 1971</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Van Soest, 1974</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Blackburn, 1979</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">Madin et al., 1996</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Esnal et al., 1998</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Tew and Lo, 2005</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Hereu et al., 2006</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">Wiebe et al., 2006</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Ayón et al., 2008</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Weikert and Godeaux, 2008</a>; and Lavaniegos (unpublished data). Average Sea Surface Temperature taken from WOA09 at NOAA's “Ocean Climate Laboratory” free access server (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Locarnini et al., 2010</a>).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1004 "Ancho" => 972 "Tamanyo" => 140649 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematic representation of general morphology and muscle band distribution of the solitary zooid of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span>: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Muscle numbers in Roman (I to VIII) from anterior (oral) to posterior (atrial) position. Oral musculature reconstructed following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Yount (1954)</a>.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 729 "Ancho" => 972 "Tamanyo" => 131374 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Heart-shaped dorsal tubercle of the solitary zooid of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> from off Baja California.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Literature cited" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:39 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Ayón et al., 2008" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Zooplankton research off Peru: a review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Ayón" 1 => "M.I. Criales-Hernandez" 2 => "R. Schwamborn" 3 => "H.J. Hirche" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Progress in Oceanography" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "238" "paginaFinal" => "255" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "Berner, 1967" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.D. Berner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Distributional atlas of Thaliacea in the California Current region" "fecha" => "1967" "paginaInicial" => "322" "editorial" => "California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas 8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "Blackburn, 1979" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Thaliacea of the California Current region: relations to temperature, chlorophyll, currents and upwelling" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Blackburn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report" "fecha" => "1979" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "184" "paginaFinal" => "214" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "Durazo, 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Climate and upper ocean variability off Baja California, Mexico: 1997–2008" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R. Durazo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Progress in Oceanography" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "361" "paginaFinal" => "368" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "Durazo et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Climatología de variables hidrográficas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Durazo" 1 => "A.M. Ramírez-Manguilar" 2 => "L. Miranda" 3 => "L. Soto-Mardones" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Dinámica del ecosistema pelágico frente a Baja California, 1997–2007" "paginaInicial" => "25" "paginaFinal" => "57" "serieFecha" => "2010" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "Esnal, 1976" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Los sálpidos (Tunicata, Thaliacea) de la expedición EASTROPAC" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G.B. Esnal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physis, Buenos Aires, sección A" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "169" "paginaFinal" => "182" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "Esnal et al., 1998" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New data about <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa younti</span> Kashkina 1973 (Tunicata: Thaliacea), a very rare salpid species" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G.B. Esnal" 1 => "O. Miranda-Eldan" 2 => "A. Mujica-Retamal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bulletin of Marine Science" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "73" "paginaFinal" => "79" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "Fraser, 1962" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.H. Fraser" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "titulo" => "Nature adrift: the story of marine plankton" "fecha" => "1962" "paginaInicial" => "178" "editorial" => "Dufour Editions" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Philadelphia" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "Govindarajan et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A molecular phylogeny of the Thaliacea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.F. Govindarajan" 1 => "A. Bucklin" 2 => "L.P. Madin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Plankton Research" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "843" "paginaFinal" => "853" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "Hereu et al., 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Composition and potential grazing impact of salp assemblages off Baja California during the 1997–1999 El Niño and La Niña" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.M. Hereu" 1 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" 2 => "G. Gaxiola-Castro" 3 => "M.D. Ohman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Marine Ecology Progress Series" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "318" "paginaInicial" => "123" "paginaFinal" => "140" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "Hereu et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Grazing impact of salp (Tunicata, Thaliacea) assemblages in the eastern tropical North Pacific" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.M. Hereu" 1 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" 2 => "R. Goericke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Plankton Research" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "785" "paginaFinal" => "804" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "Hubbard and Pearcy, 1971" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Geographic distribution and relative abundance of Salpidae off the Oregon coast" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.T.J. Hubbard" 1 => "W.G. Pearcy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada" "fecha" => "1971" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "1831" "paginaFinal" => "1836" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "Iguchi and Kidokoro, 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Horizontal distribution of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thetys vagina</span> Tilesius (Tunicata, Thaliacea) in the Japan Sea during spring 2004" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "N. Iguchi" 1 => "H. Kidokoro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Plankton Research" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "537" "paginaFinal" => "541" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "IhIe and Ihle-Landenberg, 1936" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cyclosalpa virgula</span> Vogt und <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cyclosalpa komaii</span> n. sp." "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.E.W. IhIe" 1 => "M.E. Ihle-Landenberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pubblicazioni Stazione zoologica di Napoli" "fecha" => "1936" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "283" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "Jiménez-Pérez and Lavaniegos, 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Changes in dominance of copepods off Baja California during the 1997–1999 El Niño and La Niña" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.C. Jiménez-Pérez" 1 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Marine Ecology Progress Series" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "277" "paginaInicial" => "147" "paginaFinal" => "165" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "Komai, 1932" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "On some salps occurring in the vicinity of Seto with remarks on the enantiomorphism found in some aggregated forms" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T. Komai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B" "fecha" => "1932" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "65" "paginaFinal" => "80" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "Lavaniegos, 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of a multiyear event of low salinity on the zooplankton from Mexican eco-regions of the California Current" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Progress in Oceanography" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "369" "paginaFinal" => "375" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "Lavaniegos et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Variabilidad estacional e interanual del zooplancton" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" 1 => "I. Ambriz-Arreola" 2 => "C.M. Hereu" 3 => "J.L. Cadena-Ramírez" 4 => "P. García-García" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Dinámica del ecosistema pelágico frente a Baja California, 1997–2007" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "126" "serieFecha" => "2010" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "Lavaniegos and Ambriz-Arreola, 2012" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interannual variability in krill off Baja California in the period 1997–2005" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B. Lavaniegos" 1 => "I. Ambriz-Arreola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Progress in Oceanography" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "97–100" "paginaInicial" => "164" "paginaFinal" => "173" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "Lavaniegos et al., 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Lavaniegos, B.E., J.L. Cadena-Ramírez, D.L. Sánchez, P. García-García and I. Ambriz-Arreola. 2006. Zooplankton biomass and structure off the western coast of Baja California during 2004 (IMECOCAL cruises 0402, 0404, 0407, 0410), Technical report. Biomasa y estructura del zooplancton frente a la costa occidental de Baja California durante 2004 (Cruceros IMECOCAL 0402, 0404, 0407, 0410), Technical report. Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, ed. CICESE, Ensenada. 61 p." ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "Lavaniegos and Hereu, 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Seasonal variation in hyperiid amphipod abundance and diversity and influence of mesoscale structures off Baja California" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" 1 => "C.M. Hereu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Marine Ecology Progress Series" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "394" "paginaInicial" => "137" "paginaFinal" => "152" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "Lavaniegos and Ohman, 2003" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term changes in pelagic tunicates of the California Current" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" 1 => "M.D. Ohman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Deep-Sea Research II" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "2473" "paginaFinal" => "2498" ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "Linacre, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Community structure of euphausiids in the southern part of the California Current during October 1997 (El Niño) and October 1999 (La Niña)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L. Linacre" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "126" "paginaFinal" => "135" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "Locarnini et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "World ocean atlas 2009, Volume 1: temperature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "R.A. Locarnini" 1 => "A.V. Mishonov" 2 => "J.I. Antonov" 3 => "T.P. Boyer" 4 => "H.E. Garcia" 5 => "O.K. Baranova" 6 => "M.M. Zweng" 7 => "D.R. Johnson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "184" "serieFecha" => "2010" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "Mackas et al., 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Zooplankton anomalies in the California Current system before and during the warm ocean conditions of 2005" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.L. Mackas" 1 => "W.T. Peterson" 2 => "M.D. Ohman" 3 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Geophysical Research Letters" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "33" "numero" => "L22S07" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "7" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "Madin, 1968" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.P. Madin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "titulo" => "Field studies on the biology of salps (Tunicata: Thaliacea)" "fecha" => "1968" "paginaInicial" => "203" "editorial" => "Theses, University of California" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Davis" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "Madin et al., 1996" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Distribution and vertical migration of salps (Tunicata, Thaliacea) near Bermuda" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.P. Madin" 1 => "P. Kremer" 2 => "S. Hacker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Plankton Research" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "747" "paginaFinal" => "755" ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "McAlice, 1986" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Occurrence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thetys vagina</span> Tilesius (Tunicata, Thaliacea) on the coast of Maine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B.J. McAlice" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bulletin of Marine Science" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "717" "paginaFinal" => "718" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "Nakamura and Yount, 1958" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An unusually large salp" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "E.L. Nakamura" 1 => "J.L. Yount" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pacific Science" "fecha" => "1958" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "181" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "Ohman and Lavaniegos, 2002" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative zooplankton sampling efficiency of a ring net and bongo net with comments on pooling of subsamples" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.D. Ohman" 1 => "B.E. Lavaniegos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "162" "paginaFinal" => "173" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "Sims, 1996" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A rare record of the salp, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thetys vagina</span> (Tunicata: Thaliacea) from western Scottish waters" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D.W. Sims" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "76" "paginaInicial" => "833" "paginaFinal" => "834" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "Tew and Lo, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Distribution of Thaliacea in SW Taiwan coastal water in 1997, with special reference to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Doliolum denticulatum, Thalia democratica</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. orientalis</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K.S. Tew" 1 => "W.T. Lo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Marine Ecology Progress Series" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "292" "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "193" ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "Thompson, 1948" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. Thompson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:6 [ "titulo" => "Pelagic tunicates of Australia" "fecha" => "1948" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "196" "editorial" => "Commonwealth Council for Scientific and Industrial Research" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Melbourn" ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "Van Soest, 1974" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Taxonomy of the subfamily Cyclosalpinae Yount, 1954, with descriptions of two new species" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.W.M. Van Soest" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Beaufortia" "fecha" => "1974" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "17" "paginaFinal" => "55" ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "Van Soest, 1998" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The cladistic biogeography of salps and pyrosomas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.W.M. Van Soest" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "The biology of pelagic tunicates" "paginaInicial" => "231" "paginaFinal" => "249" "serieFecha" => "1998" ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "Van Soest, 2013" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Van Soest, R. 2013. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicosalpa komaii</span> (Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg, 1936). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species: <a id="intr0005" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=266539">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=266539</a>; last access: 21.I.2013." ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "Weikert and Godeaux, 2008" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Thaliacean distribution and abundance in the northern part of the Levantine Sea (Crete and Cyprus) during the eastern Mediterranean climatic transient, and a comparison with the western Mediterranean basin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Weikert" 1 => "J. Godeaux" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Helgoland Marine Research" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "377" "paginaFinal" => "387" ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "Wiebe et al., 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Wiebe, P., L. Madin, F. Pagès, D. Lindsay, H. Ø. Hansen, S. Panampunnayil, M. Angel, H. Matsuura, M. Kuriyama, A. Cornils, R. Hopcroft, C.D. Vargas, S. Watanabe, Y. Ujiie, H. Liu, B. Costas, T. Sutton, C.B.L. Devi, R. Jennings, P.B. Lona, B. Ortman, E. Unal, L.B. Bercial, N. Copley, C. Li, J. Catron and D. Allison. 2006. RV/Ronald H. Brown Cruise 06-03 to the Western Subtropical and Tropical North Atlantic, 10 April to 30 April, 2006. A Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ) Report, <a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.cmarz.org">http://www.cmarz.org</a>; last access: 22.II.2010." ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "Yount, 1954" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The taxonomy of the Salpidae (Tunicata) of the central Pacific Ocean" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.L. Yount" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pacific Science" "fecha" => "1954" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "276" "paginaFinal" => "330" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000002/v1_201501071639/S1870345314707912/v1_201501071639/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "33301" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Research note" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/18703453/0000008500000002/v1_201501071639/S1870345314707912/v1_201501071639/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314707912?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2024 October | 51 | 11 | 62 |
| 2024 September | 55 | 4 | 59 |
| 2024 August | 58 | 5 | 63 |
| 2024 July | 46 | 3 | 49 |
| 2024 June | 45 | 1 | 46 |
| 2024 May | 35 | 2 | 37 |
| 2024 April | 24 | 4 | 28 |
| 2024 March | 39 | 7 | 46 |
| 2024 February | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2024 January | 54 | 8 | 62 |
| 2023 December | 62 | 13 | 75 |
| 2023 November | 83 | 8 | 91 |
| 2023 October | 96 | 6 | 102 |
| 2023 September | 78 | 7 | 85 |
| 2023 August | 90 | 5 | 95 |
| 2023 July | 56 | 3 | 59 |
| 2023 June | 48 | 4 | 52 |
| 2023 May | 79 | 3 | 82 |
| 2023 April | 56 | 4 | 60 |
| 2023 March | 80 | 3 | 83 |
| 2023 February | 58 | 5 | 63 |
| 2023 January | 51 | 1 | 52 |
| 2022 December | 40 | 12 | 52 |
| 2022 November | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2022 October | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2022 September | 40 | 9 | 49 |
| 2022 August | 42 | 7 | 49 |
| 2022 July | 39 | 17 | 56 |
| 2022 June | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2022 May | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2022 April | 36 | 13 | 49 |
| 2022 March | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2022 February | 35 | 7 | 42 |
| 2022 January | 40 | 4 | 44 |
| 2021 December | 38 | 11 | 49 |
| 2021 November | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2021 October | 45 | 6 | 51 |
| 2021 September | 35 | 14 | 49 |
| 2021 August | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| 2021 July | 30 | 4 | 34 |
| 2021 June | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| 2021 May | 38 | 5 | 43 |
| 2021 April | 70 | 6 | 76 |
| 2021 March | 68 | 5 | 73 |
| 2021 February | 35 | 5 | 40 |
| 2021 January | 51 | 7 | 58 |
| 2020 December | 49 | 7 | 56 |
| 2020 November | 43 | 3 | 46 |
| 2020 October | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2020 September | 16 | 3 | 19 |
| 2020 August | 30 | 5 | 35 |
| 2020 July | 17 | 2 | 19 |
| 2020 June | 21 | 3 | 24 |
| 2020 May | 33 | 2 | 35 |
| 2020 April | 19 | 4 | 23 |
| 2020 March | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2020 February | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2020 January | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2019 December | 32 | 4 | 36 |
| 2019 November | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2019 October | 17 | 1 | 18 |
| 2019 September | 25 | 11 | 36 |
| 2019 August | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2019 July | 27 | 2 | 29 |
| 2019 June | 53 | 8 | 61 |
| 2019 May | 93 | 7 | 100 |
| 2019 April | 46 | 2 | 48 |
| 2019 March | 12 | 2 | 14 |
| 2019 February | 18 | 1 | 19 |
| 2019 January | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2018 December | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2018 November | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2018 October | 47 | 9 | 56 |
| 2018 September | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2018 August | 15 | 5 | 20 |
| 2018 July | 29 | 2 | 31 |
| 2018 June | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 12 | 17 |
| 2018 April | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2018 March | 36 | 1 | 37 |
| 2018 February | 110 | 1 | 111 |
| 2018 January | 20 | 1 | 21 |
| 2017 December | 138 | 2 | 140 |
| 2017 November | 15 | 5 | 20 |
| 2017 October | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2017 September | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2017 August | 13 | 1 | 14 |
| 2017 July | 16 | 1 | 17 |
| 2017 June | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| 2017 May | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2017 April | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2017 March | 15 | 62 | 77 |
| 2017 February | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2017 January | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2016 December | 18 | 5 | 23 |
| 2016 November | 22 | 1 | 23 |
| 2016 October | 38 | 5 | 43 |
| 2016 September | 47 | 7 | 54 |
| 2016 August | 31 | 3 | 34 |
| 2016 July | 16 | 1 | 17 |
Show all