First record of Litomosoides pardinasi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in native and exotic rodents from Chile

array:23 ["pii" => "S1870345314729860" "issn" => "18703453" "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.44711" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-12-01" "aid" => "72986" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "copyrightAnyo" => "2014" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:1032-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1057 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 50 "HTML" => 751 "PDF" => 256 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1870345314729872" "issn" => "18703453" "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.47013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-12-01" "aid" => "72987" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:1038-42" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 767 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 69 "HTML" => 483 "PDF" => 215 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "A new species of Aethiopella (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Nicaragua" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "1038" "paginaFinal" => "1042" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Una nueva especie de Aethiopella (Collembola: Neanuridae) de Nicaragua" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figures 1-4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1345 "Ancho" => 973 "Tamanyo" => 155621 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Aethiopella pilarandresae sp. nov. 1, Ant. 1-IV dorsal view; 2, Ant. I-IV ventral view; 3, chaetotaxy of the head; 4, thorax and abdomen chaetotaxy." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "José G. Palacios-Vargas, Maira Montejo-Cruz" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José G." "apellidos" => "Palacios-Vargas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maira" "apellidos" => "Montejo-Cruz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314729872?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729872/v1_201504220301/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1870345314729859" "issn" => "18703453" "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.43875" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-12-01" "aid" => "72985" "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "documento" => "article" "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:1024-31" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1080 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 22 "HTML" => 760 "PDF" => 298 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Echinostome cercariae from Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planorbidae) in a ricefield from northeastern Argentina" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "1024" "paginaFinal" => "1031" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Echinocercarias de Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planorbidae) en un campo de arroz del noreste de Argentina" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 614 "Ancho" => 973 "Tamanyo" => 52330 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Prevalence of larval trematode infections in B. straminea from a rice field in Corrientes province during 2 rice cultivation cycles, black bar: December 2010 - May 2011 (n= number of collected snails: 3 494); gray bar: December 2011 - May 2012 (n=2 016)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "María Virginia Fernández, Monika Inés Hamann, Margarita Ostrowski-de Núñez" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Virginia" "apellidos" => "Fernández" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Monika Inés" "apellidos" => "Hamann" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Margarita Ostrowski-de" "apellidos" => "Núñez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314729859?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729859/v1_201504220301/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "First record of Litomosoides pardinasi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in native and exotic rodents from Chile" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "1032" "paginaFinal" => "1037" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, Juliana Notarnicola, Juana P. Correa, Andrea Yáñez-Meza, AnaLía Henríquez, Pedro E. Cattan, Carezza Botto-Mahan, Fernando Torres-Pérez" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Landaeta-Aqueveque" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juliana" "apellidos" => "Notarnicola" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "julinota@cepave.edu.ar" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "2" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Juana P." "apellidos" => "Correa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "3" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andrea" "apellidos" => "Yáñez-Meza" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "4" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "AnaLía" "apellidos" => "Henríquez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "5" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Pedro E." "apellidos" => "Cattan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "3" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carezza" "apellidos" => "Botto-Mahan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "4" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "Torres-Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "6" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán. Chile." "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, CCT La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Calle 2, Núm. 584, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina." "etiqueta" => "2" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago Chile." "etiqueta" => "3" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Depatamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago Chile." "etiqueta" => "4" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás. Manuel Rodríguez 060, Temuco, Chile." "etiqueta" => "5" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Valparaíso 2373223, Chile." "etiqueta" => "6" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Primer registro de Litomosoides pardinasi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) en roedores nativos y exóticos de Chile" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1836 "Ancho" => 973 "Tamanyo" => 164133 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Litomosoides pardinasi from Rattus rattus. A, buccal capsule lateral view; B, posterior extremity of male showing the spicules and cloacal papillae." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionWorms of the genus Litomosoides Chandler, 1931 are filarioid parasites of the thoracic and abdominal cavities of bats, marsupials, and rodents of the families Ctenomyidae, Echimyidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Esslinger, 1973</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bain et al., 1989</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">Notarnicola et al., 2002, 2010</a>). They occur in Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions. Most of the Litomosoides species occur in South America, including Venezuela (6 species), Colombia (10 species), Peru (3 species), Bolivia (5 species), Argentina (8 species), Brazil (11 species), and Uruguay (1 species) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Travassos, 1919</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Esslinger, 1973</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">Bain et al., 1980, 1989</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Brant and Gardner, 1997</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Moraes Neto et al., 1997</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Notarnicola et al., 2000, 2002</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Notarnicola and Navone, 2002, 2011</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Guerrero et al., 2002, 2003, 2011</a>).All the records of Litomosoides species have been reported in native host species, with the exception of some specimens of Litomosoides sigmodontis Chandler, 1931 found in one individual of the exotic Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 —originally mentioned as Mus decumanus— from 131 specimens trapped in Caracas, Venezuela (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Vogel and Gabaldon, 1932</a>).Among the species of this genus, Litomosoides pardinasi<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone, 2011</a> is the southernmost worldwide record described in cricetid rodents from Neuquén, Argentina (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone, 2011</a>). These authors found L. pardinasi in Phyllotis xanthopygus Waterhouse, 1837 with a prevalence of 25% and a mean intensity of 7.2, and in Oligoryzomys longicaudatus Bennett, 1832 with 33% and 6, respectively.In Chile, several studies have reported helminths in rodents (e.g., <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Babero and Cattan, 1975</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Durette-Desset et al., 1976</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">Landaeta-Aqueveque et al., 2007a, 2007b</a>), but none have reported filarioid species. Filarioids in Chile include Dipetalonema reconditum Grassi, 1980, D. dracunculoides Cobbold, 1870, and Dirofilaria repens Railliet and Henry, 1911 in dogs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Alcaíno et al., 1984</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">López et al., 2012</a>), and Setaria equina Abildgaard, 1789 in horses (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Alcaíno and Gorman, 1999</a>). Argentina and Chile share several rodent species and some are known to be hosts for this group of nematodes in Argentina.This study reports the first record of L. pardinasi in rodents of Chile. We also report new hosts and the first record of L. pardinasi in the exotic rodent Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758. Finally we discuss the evolution of the host-parasite associations of this nematode.Materials and methodsWe sampled 1 150 native and exotic rodents between the latitudes 31°30'32” S, 35°08'13” S, and between 0 and 1 100m asl in central Chile, for a total of 19 sampling sites. Localities covered heterogeneous landscapes encompassing several eco-regions, ranging from arid- Mediterranean, to humid-Mediterranean. Rodents were analyzed for the presence of intestinal, peritoneal, and pleural helminths. Trapped native species consisted of 344 Abrothrix olivaceus Waterhouse, 1837, 10 Abrothrix longipilis Waterhouse, 1837, 58 O. longicaudatus, 119 Phyllotis darwini Waterhouse, 1837 (Cricetidae), 183 Octodon degus Molina, 1782 (Octodontidae), and 7 Abrocoma bennetti Waterhouse, 1837 (Abrocomidae), and the exotic rodents were 161 R. rattus, 87 R. norvegicus, and 181 Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Muridae). Rodents were trapped with Sherman traps baited with rolled oats, and killed using isoflurane anesthesia. Captures followed all ethical guidelines of the Bioethical Committee of the Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, and were performed with the permission of the Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Bureau (Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero of Chile) and the Chilean National Forest Corporation (Corporación Nacional Forestal).Worms were recovered directly from the peritoneal and pleural cavities and preserved in 70% ethanol. For examination, samples were cleared with ethanol-glycerin solution and observed under light microscope (Olympus BX51); drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Some worms were studied under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM Hitachi TM 3000, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas). Measurements are given in micrometers unless otherwise stated; mean values follow the range in parentheses; when two specimens are given, measurements are separated by semicolons.Prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI) were calculated following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Bush et al. (1997)</a>. Fisher's exact test was used to compare prevalences and the negative binomial regression methodology (NBR) was used to analyze intensities. Comparisons with Argentinean P and MI correspond to these reported by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone (2011)</a>. Statistical analyses were performed in R environment (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria, <a href="http://www.R-project.org/">http://www.R-project.org/</a>).Voucher specimens of worms were deposited at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Invertebrate Collection (MNHNCL/NEM), and voucher specimen of rodents were deposited at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile - Vertebrate Collection (MNHN), and the Patricio Sánchez Reyes Flora and Fauna Collection (UCK) -Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.<a name="p1034"></a>ResultsThe filarioids were identified as L. pardinasi according to the morphological and morphometric characters stated by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone (2011)</a>. Specimens show the following characters: the shape of the buccal capsule displays an anterior enlargement in the cuticularized segment (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1A</a>); the left spicule is constituted with a handle longer than the blade; blade consisting of a filament; the right spicule is well cuticularized, with a prominent dorsal heel and a terminal cap; the tail is attenuated with one pair of ad-cloacal papillae and three to four pairs of slightly asymmetric postcloacal papillae (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1B</a>); the arrangement of the head papillae consists of two dorsal cephalic papillae near the amphids and four labial papillae (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2A</a>); the area rugosa constituted by transverse ridges made of small longitudinal crests (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2B</a>); and the position of the vulva, posterior to the esophago-intestinal junction. Measurements of the specimens are included in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Taxonomic summaryHosts and localities: Oligoryzomys longicaudatus Bennett, 1832 from Los Queñes (35°08'13” S, 70°45'19” W), UCK 423; from Polpaico (33°09' S, 70°53' W), MNHN 1598; from Rinconada de Maipú (33°29' S, 70°49' W), PM84,<a name="p1035"></a>PM183, PM184, PM204, PM207, PM233, PM264, PM266; from Calera de Tango (33°38' S, 70°47' W), PL186. Phyllotis darwini Waterhouse, 1837 from Las Chinchillas National Reserve (31°30' S, 71°06' W), MNHN 1599, Dn56, T66, L56, K56. Rattus rattus from Fundo El Bosque (33°32' S, 70°48' W), M180; from La Pintana (33°34' S, 70°37' W), M145, Chile.Site of infection: abdominal and peritoneal cavities.Specimens deposited: voucher specimens at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Invertebrates Collection numbers MNHNCL/NEM 11853; 11854; 11855.Remarks. Litomosoides pardinasi was found in the peritoneal and thoracic cavities of 11 O. longicaudatus (P=18.9%; MI=57.3) and 5 P. darwini (P=4.2%; MI=10), and in the peritoneal cavity of 2 R. rattus (P=1.24%; MI=22.5) captured in 7 areas located in Chile. Total prevalence and total mean intensity in native host species were 9% and 42.5, respectively. Phyllotis darwini showed significantly lower prevalence than O. longicaudatus (p=0.003), and non-significantly higher prevalence than R. rattus.When comparing our data with that from Argentina, total prevalence in Chile, excluding R. rattus (9%, n=177), was significantly lower than in Argentina (25.5%, n=47) (p=0.005). When comparing prevalence from the same host genus, in Chilean P. darwini it was significantly lower (4.2%, n=119) than in the Argentinean P. xanthopygus (25%, n=44) (p<0.001), while prevalence in Chilean O. longicaudatus (19%, n=58) was not significantly different from that of the Argentinean O. longicaudatus (33.3%, n=3) (p=0.490). The total mean intensity in Chile excluding R. rattus (42.5) was significantly higher than in Argentina (7.08) (Likelihood ratio test (LRt): p=0.001). Analyzing by host species or genus, there were no significant differences between the mean intensities of O. longicaudatus from Chile (57.3) and Argentina (6) (LRt: p=0.150); the same was observed between the Phyllotis spp. (P. darwini: 10 vs. P. xanthopygus: 7.2; LRt: p=0.560).DiscussionHere we report the first record of L. pardinasi in Chile and expand the host record to P. darwini and R. rattus. Identification was based on morphological attributes and supported by morphometric characters. Most of the measurements of Chilean L. pardinasi averaged between the minimum and maximum measurements of Argentinean samples (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone, 2011</a>). However some differences were observed: female tails of L. pardinasi found in O. longicaudatus from Chile are shorter than those obtained from Argentina, while the female tail from the specimen found in R. rattus is similar to the specimen of O. longicaudatus from Argentina (855 versus 800μm; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Male worms from the three host species found in Chile presented shorter tails than those found in Argentina. The<a name="p1036"></a> Chilean specimens also had shorter left spicules (153–241μm versus 210–270μm). However, the spicular ratio from Chilean specimens fit within the range of the specimens from Argentina (i. e., 1:1.96 in P. darwini; 1:2.12 in O. longicaudatus, and 1:1.91 in R. rattus from Chile versus a range of 1:1.8 to 1:2.4 in P. xanthopygus and 1:2.09 in O. longicaudatus from Argentina). Morphometric variability was reported within other Litomosoides species and these observations were attributed to differences in the host species and/or geographic distribution (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Esslinger, 1973</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bain et al., 1989</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Guerrero et al., 2002</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Notarnicola 2005</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Notarnicola et al., 2010</a>).Prevalences and mean intensities of L. pardinasi in O. longicaudatus from Chile and Argentina showed non-significant differences, while in Phyllotis spp. the prevalence from the Chilean specimens was significantly lower than in Argentina. Thus, it appears that L. pardinasi is well established in O. longicaudatus based on the similarities in their prevalences and mean intensities in Chile and Argentina. In contrast, this filarioid species seems to be recently acquired by P. darwini and the exotic R. rattus in Chile, based on the significantly lower prevalence, suggesting that this parasitism is a result of a recent host-switching phenomenon. Moreover, of the 16 Litomosoides species registered in Sigmodontinae rodents, 6 are present in Akodontini, 9 in Oryzomyini —including L. pardinasi—, and 1 in both Akodontini and Oryzomyini. Litomosoides pardinasi is the unique species registered in Phyllotini. This result supports the hypothesis that L. pardinasi primarily colonized the Oryzomyini tribe and later, by different phenomena of host-switching, colonized the Phyllotini (P. xanthopygus in Argentina and P. darwini in Chile) and the exotic host R. rattus. The host-switching phenomenon was frequently reported between native rodents living in sympatry (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Guerrero et al., 2002</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Notarnicola, 2005</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone, 2011</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Vogel and Gabaldon (1932)</a> reported the presence of adults and microfilariae of L. sigmodontis in R. norvegicus from Caracas, Venezuela. This filarioid species was also found to parasitize the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825 from Mexico and USA (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Ochoterena and Caballero, 1932</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Forrester and Kinsella, 1973</a>). Female specimens of L. pardinasi found in R. rattus presented microfilariae in the uterus, indicating that its life cycle can be completed in the host and can be transmitted to other hosts. All these results confirm that filarioid species are able to colonize allochthonous rodents when they share microhabitats with parasitized native rodents.The mite Ornithonyssus bacoti Hirst, 1913 (Acari, Macronyssidae) has been reported as a vector for several species of Litomosoides in rodents as well as in bats (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">Bain et al., 1980, 2002</a>). Another study showed that Hoplopleura travassosi Werneck, 1932 (Anoplura, Hoplopleuridae) presented positive association with Litomosoides bonaerensis Notarnicola, Bain and Navone 2000 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Lareschi et al., 2003</a>). In Chile, O. bacoti has been recorded in several native and allochthonous rodents (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Jofré et al., 2009</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Peña Oyarce, 2009</a>); whereas H. travassosi and Hoplopleura aitkeni Johnson, 1972 have been found in O. longicaudatus and P. darwini, respectively, in a geographic range that encompasses this work (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">González-Acuña et al., 2003; 2005</a>). The presence of these arthropods in native and allochthonous rodents provide more information to the hypothesis that filarioids are transmitted by these vectors in rodents living in sympatry." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres479579" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501899" "titulo" => "Key words" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres479580" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501900" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Taxonomic summary" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack147154" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Literature cited" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-02-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-07-07" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501899" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "host-switching" 1 => "nematodes" 2 => "filarioid" 3 => "sigmodontine rodents" 4 => "Oligoryzomys" 5 => "Phyllotis" 6 => "Rattus" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501900" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "cambio de hospedero" 1 => "nemátodos" 2 => "filarias" 3 => "roedores sigmodontinos" 4 => "Oligoryzomys" 5 => "Phyllotis" 6 => "Rattus" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "We report the first record of Litomosoides pardinasi in native and exotic rodents from Chile. Litomosoides pardinasi, described in the Argentine Patagonia parasitizing Phyllotis xanthopygus and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, was found in Chile parasitizing the peritoneal and thoracic cavities of O. longicaudatus (prevalence (P)= 18.9%, mean intensity (MI)= 57.3) and Phyllotis darwini (P=4.2%, MI=10), and in the peritoneal cavity of Rattus rattus (P=1.24%; MI=22.5). Total P in native rodents from Chile was significantly lower than in Argentina, while the total MI was higher. Prevalence and MI of L. pardinasi in O. longicaudatus from Chile and Argentina showed non-significant differences; prevalence in P. darwini from Chile was significantly lower than in P. xanthopygus from Argentina and than in Chilean O. longicaudatus. Our results, together with those from Argentina, support the hypothesis that L. pardinasi is well established in O. longicaudatus, but seems to be recently acquired by P. darwini and the exotic R. rattus. Considering the known host distribution of Litomosoides species among the sigmodontines, our results also support the hypothesis that L. pardinasi first colonized the Oryzomyini tribe and later, by different phenomena of host-switching, colonized the Phyllotini tribe and the exotic R. rattus." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Litomosoides pardinasi es registrada por primera vez en roedores nativos y exóticos de Chile. La especie Litomosoides pardinasi, parásita de Phyllotis xanthopygus y Oligoryzomys longicaudatus en la Patagonia Argentina, fue encontrada en Chile parasitando la cavidad torácica y abdominal de O. longicaudatus (prevalencia (P)= 18.9%, intensidad media (MI)= 57.3) y de Phyllotis darwini (P=4.2%, MI=10), y la cavidad abdominal del roedor exótico Rattus rattus (P=1.24%; MI=22.5). La P total en roedores nativos de Chile fue significativamente menor que la P de Argentina, en tanto la MI total fue significativamente mayor. La P y MI de L. pardinasi en O. longicaudatus de Chile y Argentina no mostraron diferencias significativas; la P en P. darwini de Chile fue significativamente menor que la de P. xanthopygus de Argentina y que la de O. longicaudatus de Chile. Considerando la distribución de las especies de Litomosoides entre los sigmodontinos, estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis que L. pardinasi está bien establecida en O. longicaudatus y que posiblemente haya sido recientemente adquirida por P. darwini y R. rattus. Así, L. pardinasi colonizó primero a la Tribu Oryzomyini y posteriormente por un fenómeno de cambio de hospedero a la Tribu Phyllotini y a R. rattus.<a name="p1033"></a>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1836 "Ancho" => 973 "Tamanyo" => 164133 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Litomosoides pardinasi from Rattus rattus. A, buccal capsule lateral view; B, posterior extremity of male showing the spicules and cloacal papillae." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1500 "Ancho" => 972 "Tamanyo" => 235636 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Scanning electron microphotographs of Litomosoides pardinasi. A, anterior extremity showing the labial papillae (black arrows), cephalic papillae (black star), and amphids (white arrows); B, detail of the area rugosa at mid-length." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P. darwini \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">O. longicaudatus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">R. rattus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Females \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">(n=2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">(n=6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">(n=2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Body length (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">55.4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">56.1 (36.2–72.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">53.3 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">†</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Maximum width \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">244 (190–325) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">310<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">†</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Width at vulva \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">186; 207.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">177.1 (160–200) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">170.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Buccal capsule (L×W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">19×9; 22×9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">18 (15–20)×8 (7–10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">19×8; 25×12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Esophagus length \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">415; 533 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">529 (432–645) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">496; 567 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Tail length \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">260 (225–312) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">855 † \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Vulva to apex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">772; 961 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">1 132 (925–1 335) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">1 271; 1 559 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Males \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">(n=3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">(n=5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">(n=6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Body length (mm) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">21.5 (20.3–22.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">15.5 (10.2–18.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">18.1 (15–22.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Maximum width \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">99 (83–108) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">127 (100–140) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">111 (105–120) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Buccal capsule (L×W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">19 (16–22) × 8 (6–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">17 (16–20)×7 (5–8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">18 (13–20) × 7 (6–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Esophagus length \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">423 (418–427) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">405 (350–462) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">452 (424–475) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Tail length \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">139 (99–186) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">132 (115–160) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">146 (125–170) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Left spicule \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">199 (180–217) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">222 (170–241) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">210 (153–232) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Handle \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">112 (93–130) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">132 (115–150) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">107 (93–124) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Right spicule \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">101 (96–108) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">105 (87–117) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">116 (85–197) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="middle">Area rugosa length \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">1 622 (1 333–2 046) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">1 514 (1 350–1 700) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="middle">1 467 (1 162–1 725) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab757999.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "From 1 entire specimen." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "†" "nota" => "One entire female found in this host." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Measurements of Litomosoides pardinasi parasitizing 3 different hosts in Chile" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Literature cited" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Alcaíno and Gorman, 1999" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parásitos de los animales domésticos en Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Alcaíno" 1 => "T.R. Gorman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parasitología al Día" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "33" "paginaFinal" => "41" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "Alcaino et al., 1984" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Filariasis canina en Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H. Alcaino" 1 => "T.R. Gorman" 2 => "M. Puelma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "73" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "Babero and Cattan, 1975" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Helmintofauna de Chile: II. Parásitos del roedor degú, Octodon degus Molina, 1782, con la descripción de tres nuevas especies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.B. Babero" 1 => "P.E. Cattan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Boletín Chileno de Parasitología" "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "68" "paginaFinal" => "76" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1212283" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "Bain et al., 2002" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "First account on the larval biology of a Litomosoides filaria from a bat" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "O. Bain" 1 => "S. Babayan" 2 => "J. Gomes" 3 => "G. Rojas" 4 => "R. Guerrero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parassitologia" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "89" "paginaFinal" => "92" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12404814" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "Bain et al., 1980" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Description de deux nouvelles filaires du genre Litomosoides et de leurs stades infestants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Bain" 1 => "G. Petit" 2 => "S. Berteaux" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "225" "paginaFinal" => "267" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7458160" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "Bain et al., 1989" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Étude de quelques Litomosoides parasites de rongeurs: Conséquences taxonomiques" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Bain" 1 => "G. Petit" 2 => "M. Diagne" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "64" "paginaInicial" => "268" "paginaFinal" => "289" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2817694" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "Brant and Gardner, 1997" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Two new species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from Ctenomys opimus (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) on the Altiplano of Bolivia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.V. Brant" 1 => "S.L. Gardner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "700" "paginaFinal" => "705" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9267414" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "Bush et al., 1997" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.O. Bush" 1 => "K.D. Lafferty" 2 => "J.M. Lotz" 3 => "A.W. Shostak" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "575" "paginaFinal" => "583" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9267395" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "Durette-Desset et al., 1976" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Présence chez un Rongeur du Chili d'un Nématode Inglamidinae (sub" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.C. Durette-Desset" 1 => "M.A. Denké" 2 => "R. Murúa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Fam. Nov) appartenant aux Amidostomatidae, famille connue des Mammifères d'Australie. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "453" "paginaFinal" => "460" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "Esslinger, 1973" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The genus Litomosoides Chandler, 1931 (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in Colombian bats and rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. Esslinger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology" "fecha" => "1973" "volumen" => "59" "paginaInicial" => "225" "paginaFinal" => "246" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4696568" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0085253815536028" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00852538" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "Forrester and Kinsella, 1973" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative morphology and ecology of two species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea) of rodents in Florida, with a key to the species of Litomosoides Chandler, 1931" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.F. Forrester" 1 => "J.M. Kinsella" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "International Journal for Parasitology" "fecha" => "1973" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "263" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4706574" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "González-Acuña et al., 2003" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Contribución al conocimiento de los Phthiraptera (Anoplura, Hoplopleura) parásitos de roedores en Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D. González-Acuña" 1 => "D.D.C. Castro" 2 => "L. Moreno-Salas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Gayana" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "117" "paginaFinal" => "119" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "Guerrero et al., 2011" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), parasite of Nectomys palmipes (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from Venezuela: description, molecular evidence, Wolbachia pipientis screening" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Guerrero" 1 => "O. Bain" 2 => "C. Martin" 3 => "M. Barbuto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Folia Parasitologica" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "149" "paginaFinal" => "156" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776894" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "González-Acuña et al., 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New records of sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura) on rodents (Mammalia; Rodentia; Muridae) from Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D. González-Acuña" 1 => "D.D.C. Castro" 2 => "L. Moreno-Salas" 3 => "J. Torres-Mura" 4 => "E. Mey" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mastozoología Neotropical" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "249" "paginaFinal" => "251" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "Guerrero et al., 2003" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Litomosoides yutajensis n. sp., first record of this filarial genus in a mormoopid bat" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Guerrero" 1 => "C. Martin" 2 => "O. Bain" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parasite" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "219" "paginaFinal" => "225" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14535161" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "Guerrero et al., 2002" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New and known species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea): Important adult and larval characters and taxonomic changes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Guerrero" 1 => "C. Martin" 2 => "S.L. Gardner" 3 => "O. Bain" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Comparative Parasitology" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "177" "paginaFinal" => "195" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "Jofré et al., 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Animal mites transmissible to humans and associated zoonosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L. Jofré" 1 => "I. Noemí" 2 => "P. Neira" 3 => "T. Saavedra" 4 => "C. Díaz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "/S0716-10182009000400008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Revista Chilena de Infectología" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "257" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19621159" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "Landaeta-Aqueveque et al., 2007a" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The community of gastrointestinal helminths in the house mouse, Mus musculus, in Santiago, Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.A. Landaeta-Aqueveque" 1 => "M.D.R. Robles" 2 => "P.E. Cattan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parasitología Latinoamericana" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "165" "paginaFinal" => "169" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "Landaeta-Aqueveque et al., 2007b" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Helmintofauna del roedor Abrothrix olivaceus (Sigmodontinae) en áreas sub-urbanas de Santiago de Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.A. Landaeta-Aqueveque" 1 => "M.D.R. Robles" 2 => "P.E. Cattan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parasitología Latinoamericana" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "134" "paginaFinal" => "141" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "Lareschi et al., 2003" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Arthropod and filarioid parasites associated with wild rodents in the northeast marshes of Buenos Aires, Argentina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Lareschi" 1 => "J. Notarnicola" 2 => "G. Navone" 3 => "P.M. Linardi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "673" "paginaFinal" => "677" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12973536" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "López et al., 2012" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identificación morfológica y molecular de filarias caninas en una comuna semi-rural de la Región Metropolitana, Chile" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. López" 1 => "F. Valiente-Echeverría" 2 => "M. Carrasco" 3 => "R. Mercado" 4 => "K. Abarca" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Revista Chilena Infectología" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "284" "paginaFinal" => "289" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "Moraes-Neto et al., 1997" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Litomosoides chagasfilhoi s. nov. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) parasitizing the abdominal cavity of Akodon cursor (Winge, 1887) Rodentia: Muridae from Brazil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.H.A. Moraes-Neto" 1 => "R.M. Lanfredi" 2 => "W. De Souza" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parasitology Research" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "137" "paginaFinal" => "143" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039695" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Description of adult and fourth-stage larva of Litomosoides navonae n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), a parasite of five species of sigmodontine rodents from northeastern Argentina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Notarnicola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11230-005-5490-y" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Systematic Parasitology" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "171" "paginaFinal" => "183" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315077" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola et al., 2000" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Two new species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Sigmodontines (Rodentia: Muridae) from Río de La Plata marshland, Argentina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Notarnicola" 1 => "O. Bain" 2 => "G.T. Navone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1318:TNSOLN]2.0.CO;2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "86" "paginaInicial" => "1318" "paginaFinal" => "1325" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11191910" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola et al., 2002" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Litomosoides anguyai n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from Oxymycterus misionalis (Rodentia: Muridae) in the rain forest of Misiones, Argentina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Notarnicola" 1 => "O. Bain" 2 => "G.T. Navone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Systematic Parasitology" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "129" "paginaFinal" => "135" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12075131" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Litomosoides (Nemata: Filarioidea) of bats from Bolivia with records for three known species and the description of a new species" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Notarnicola" 1 => "F.A. Jiménez Ruiz" 2 => "S.L. Gardner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1645/GE-2371.1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "775" "paginaFinal" => "782" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20738202" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola and Navone, 2002" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new species, Litomosoides odilae n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from Oligoryzomys nigripes (Rodentia: Muridae) in the rainforest of Misiones, Argentina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Notarnicola" 1 => "G. Navone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0967:ANSLON]2.0.CO;2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "88" "paginaInicial" => "967" "paginaFinal" => "971" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12435138" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola and Navone, 2011" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Litomosoides pardinasi n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from two species of cricetid rodents in Northern Patagonia, Argentina" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Notarnicola" 1 => "G. Navone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00436-010-2051-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Parasitology Research" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "108" "paginaInicial" => "187" "paginaFinal" => "194" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20852888" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "Ochoterena and Caballero, 1932" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Filaria parasita de las ratas de campo, Micropleura sigmodoni spec. nov. Anales del Instituto de Biología" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "I. Ochoterena" 1 => "E. Caballero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Universidad Nacional de Mexico" "fecha" => "1932" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "123" "paginaFinal" => "125" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "Peña-Oyarce, 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.A. Peña-Oyarce" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "titulo" => "Análisis de la presencia de parasitosis zoonóticas en roedores que cohabitan con la población humana en diferentes sectores de las comunas de Valdivia y San José de la Mariquina" "fecha" => "2009" "paginaInicial" => "43" "editorial" => "Tesis, Universidad Austral de Chile" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Chile, Valdivia" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "Travassos, 1919" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Filaria carinii n. sp." "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L. Travassos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Revista de la Sociedad Brasileira de Ciencias" "fecha" => "1919" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "190" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "Vogel and Gabaldon, 1932" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Vestibulosetaria, eine neve Filariengattung aus Rattenarten" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Vogel" 1 => "A. Gabaldon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten" "fecha" => "1932" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "119" "paginaFinal" => "124" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack147154" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "The authors wish to thank Maria Cristina Estivariz from CEPAVE for the drawings and Eileen Smith for editorial support. This work was supported by the Conicyt Ph. D. scholarships awarded to C.L. (number 24110058) and J.P.C. (AT-24100028), and Fondecyt grants awarded to P.E.C (1070960), C.B. (11090086) and F.T.P. (1110664). JN is a member of Conicet." "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729860/v1_201504220301/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729860/v1_201504220301/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314729860?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Primer registro de Litomosoides pardinasi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) en roedores nativos y exóticos de Chile

Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque1, Juliana Notarnicola2, Juana P. Correa3, Andrea Yáñez-Meza4, AnaLía Henríquez5, Pedro E. Cattan3, Carezza Botto-Mahan4, Fernando Torres-Pérez6

1 Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán. Chile.

2 Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, CCT La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Calle 2, Núm. 584, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

3 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago Chile.

4 Depatamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago Chile.

5 Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás. Manuel Rodríguez 060, Temuco, Chile.

6 Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Valparaíso 2373223, Chile.

Read

1786

Times
was read the article

606

Total PDF

1180

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1870345314729860"
  "issn" => "18703453"
  "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.44711"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-12-01"
  "aid" => "72986"
  "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2014"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:1032-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1057
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 50
      "HTML" => 751
      "PDF" => 256
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1870345314729872"
    "issn" => "18703453"
    "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.47013"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-12-01"
    "aid" => "72987"
    "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:1038-42"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 767
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 69
        "HTML" => 483
        "PDF" => 215
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "A new species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aethiopella</span> &#40;Collembola&#58; Neanuridae&#41; from Nicaragua"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "1038"
          "paginaFinal" => "1042"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Una nueva especie de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aethiopella</span> &#40;Collembola&#58; Neanuridae&#41; de Nicaragua"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figures 1-4"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1345
              "Ancho" => 973
              "Tamanyo" => 155621
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aethiopella pilarandresae</span> sp&#46; nov&#46; 1&#44; Ant&#46; 1-IV dorsal view&#59; 2&#44; Ant&#46; I-IV ventral view&#59; 3&#44; chaetotaxy of the head&#59; 4&#44; thorax and abdomen chaetotaxy&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Jos&#233; G&#46; Palacios-Vargas, Maira Montejo-Cruz"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Palacios-Vargas"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maira"
              "apellidos" => "Montejo-Cruz"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314729872?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729872/v1_201504220301/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1870345314729859"
    "issn" => "18703453"
    "doi" => "10.7550/rmb.43875"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-12-01"
    "aid" => "72985"
    "copyright" => "Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:1024-31"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1080
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 22
        "HTML" => 760
        "PDF" => 298
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Echinostome cercariae from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Biomphalaria straminea</span> &#40;Mollusca&#58; Planorbidae&#41; in a ricefield from northeastern Argentina"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "1024"
          "paginaFinal" => "1031"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Echinocercarias de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Biomphalaria straminea</span> &#40;Mollusca&#58; Planorbidae&#41; en un campo de arroz del noreste de Argentina"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 614
              "Ancho" => 973
              "Tamanyo" => 52330
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence of larval trematode infections in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; straminea</span> from a rice field in Corrientes province during 2 rice cultivation cycles&#44; black bar&#58; December 2010 - May 2011 &#40;n&#61; number of collected snails&#58; 3 494&#41;&#59; gray bar&#58; December 2011 - May 2012 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 016&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Mar&#237;a Virginia Fern&#225;ndez, Monika In&#233;s Hamann, Margarita Ostrowski-de N&#250;&#241;ez"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Virginia"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Monika In&#233;s"
              "apellidos" => "Hamann"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Margarita Ostrowski-de"
              "apellidos" => "N&#250;&#241;ez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314729859?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729859/v1_201504220301/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "First record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; in native and exotic rodents from Chile"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "1032"
        "paginaFinal" => "1037"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, Juliana Notarnicola, Juana P&#46; Correa, Andrea Y&#225;&#241;ez-Meza, AnaL&#237;a Henr&#237;quez, Pedro E&#46; Cattan, Carezza Botto-Mahan, Fernando Torres-P&#233;rez"
        "autores" => array:8 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carlos"
            "apellidos" => "Landaeta-Aqueveque"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Juliana"
            "apellidos" => "Notarnicola"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "julinota&#64;cepave&#46;edu&#46;ar"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Juana P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Correa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Andrea"
            "apellidos" => "Y&#225;&#241;ez-Meza"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "AnaL&#237;a"
            "apellidos" => "Henr&#237;quez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Pedro E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Cattan"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carezza"
            "apellidos" => "Botto-Mahan"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Fernando"
            "apellidos" => "Torres-P&#233;rez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0030"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:6 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Patolog&#237;a y Medicina Preventiva&#44; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias&#44; Universidad de Concepci&#243;n&#46; Vicente M&#233;ndez 595&#44; Chill&#225;n&#46; Chile&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "1"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Centro de Estudios Parasitol&#243;gicos y de Vectores&#44; CCT La Plata&#44; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient&#237;ficas y T&#233;cnicas&#46; Calle 2&#44; N&#250;m&#46; 584&#44; La Plata &#40;1900&#41;&#44; Buenos Aires&#44; Argentina&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "2"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Ciencias Biol&#243;gicas Animales&#44; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias&#44; Universidad de Chile&#46; Santa Rosa 11735&#44; Santiago Chile&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "3"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Depatamento de Ciencias Ecol&#243;gicas&#44; Facultad de Ciencias&#44; Universidad de Chile&#46; Las Palmeras 3425&#44; &#209;u&#241;oa&#44; Santiago Chile&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "4"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria&#44; Universidad Santo Tom&#225;s&#46; Manuel Rodr&#237;guez 060&#44; Temuco&#44; Chile&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "5"
            "identificador" => "aff0025"
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto de Biolog&#237;a&#44; Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Valpara&#237;so&#46; Valpara&#237;so 2373223&#44; Chile&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "6"
            "identificador" => "aff0030"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Primer registro de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; en roedores nativos y ex&#243;ticos de Chile"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1836
            "Ancho" => 973
            "Tamanyo" => 164133
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus rattus</span>&#46; A&#44; buccal capsule lateral view&#59; B&#44; posterior extremity of male showing the spicules and cloacal papillae&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Worms of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> Chandler&#44; 1931 are filarioid parasites of the thoracic and abdominal cavities of bats&#44; marsupials&#44; and rodents of the families Ctenomyidae&#44; Echimyidae&#44; Sciuridae&#44; and Cricetidae &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Esslinger&#44; 1973</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bain et al&#46;&#44; 1989</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">Notarnicola et al&#46;&#44; 2002&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46; They occur in Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions&#46; Most of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> species occur in South America&#44; including Venezuela &#40;6 species&#41;&#44; Colombia &#40;10 species&#41;&#44; Peru &#40;3 species&#41;&#44; Bolivia &#40;5 species&#41;&#44; Argentina &#40;8 species&#41;&#44; Brazil &#40;11 species&#41;&#44; and Uruguay &#40;1 species&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Travassos&#44; 1919</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Esslinger&#44; 1973</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">Bain et al&#46;&#44; 1980&#44; 1989</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Brant and Gardner&#44; 1997</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Moraes Neto et al&#46;&#44; 1997</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Notarnicola et al&#46;&#44; 2000&#44; 2002</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2002&#44; 2011</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Guerrero et al&#46;&#44; 2002&#44; 2003&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the records of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> species have been reported in native host species&#44; with the exception of some specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides sigmodontis</span> Chandler&#44; 1931 found in one individual of the exotic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus norvegicus</span> Berkenhout&#44; 1769 &#8212;originally mentioned as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mus decumanus</span>&#8212; from 131 specimens trapped in Caracas&#44; Venezuela &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Vogel and Gabaldon&#44; 1932</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the species of this genus&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2011</a> is the southernmost worldwide record described in cricetid rodents from Neuqu&#233;n&#44; Argentina &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; These authors found <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis xanthopygus</span> Waterhouse&#44; 1837 with a prevalence of 25&#37; and a mean intensity of 7&#46;2&#44; and in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</span> Bennett&#44; 1832 with 33&#37; and 6&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Chile&#44; several studies have reported helminths in rodents &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Babero and Cattan&#44; 1975</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Durette-Desset et al&#46;&#44; 1976</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">Landaeta-Aqueveque et al&#46;&#44; 2007a&#44; 2007b</a>&#41;&#44; but none have reported filarioid species&#46; Filarioids in Chile include <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dipetalonema reconditum</span> Grassi&#44; 1980&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; dracunculoides</span> Cobbold&#44; 1870&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dirofilaria repens</span> Railliet and Henry&#44; 1911 in dogs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Alca&#237;no et al&#46;&#44; 1984</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">L&#243;pez et al&#46;&#44; 2012</a>&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Setaria equina</span> Abildgaard&#44; 1789 in horses &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Alca&#237;no and Gorman&#44; 1999</a>&#41;&#46; Argentina and Chile share several rodent species and some are known to be hosts for this group of nematodes in Argentina&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study reports the first record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> in rodents of Chile&#46; We also report new hosts and the first record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> in the exotic rodent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus rattus</span> Linnaeus&#44; 1758&#46; Finally we discuss the evolution of the host-parasite associations of this nematode&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We sampled 1 150 native and exotic rodents between the latitudes 31&#176;30&#39;32&#8221; S&#44; 35&#176;08&#39;13&#8221; S&#44; and between 0 and 1 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m asl in central Chile&#44; for a total of 19 sampling sites&#46; Localities covered heterogeneous landscapes encompassing several eco-regions&#44; ranging from arid- Mediterranean&#44; to humid-Mediterranean&#46; Rodents were analyzed for the presence of intestinal&#44; peritoneal&#44; and pleural helminths&#46; Trapped native species consisted of 344 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abrothrix olivaceus</span> Waterhouse&#44; 1837&#44; 10 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abrothrix longipilis</span> Waterhouse&#44; 1837&#44; 58 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span>&#44; 119 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis darwini</span> Waterhouse&#44; 1837 &#40;Cricetidae&#41;&#44; 183 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Octodon degus</span> Molina&#44; 1782 &#40;Octodontidae&#41;&#44; and 7 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abrocoma bennetti</span> Waterhouse&#44; 1837 &#40;Abrocomidae&#41;&#44; and the exotic rodents were 161 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&#44; 87 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; norvegicus</span>&#44; and 181 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mus musculus</span> Linnaeus&#44; 1758 &#40;Muridae&#41;&#46; Rodents were trapped with Sherman traps baited with rolled oats&#44; and killed using isoflurane anesthesia&#46; Captures followed all ethical guidelines of the Bioethical Committee of the Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias&#44; Universidad de Chile&#44; and were performed with the permission of the Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Bureau &#40;Servicio Agr&#237;cola y Ganadero of Chile&#41; and the Chilean National Forest Corporation &#40;Corporaci&#243;n Nacional Forestal&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Worms were recovered directly from the peritoneal and pleural cavities and preserved in 70&#37; ethanol&#46; For examination&#44; samples were cleared with ethanol-glycerin solution and observed under light microscope &#40;Olympus BX51&#41;&#59; drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube&#46; Some worms were studied under Scanning Electron Microscope &#40;SEM Hitachi TM 3000&#44; Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile&#44; Facultad de Ciencias Biol&#243;gicas&#41;&#46; Measurements are given in micrometers unless otherwise stated&#59; mean values follow the range in parentheses&#59; when two specimens are given&#44; measurements are separated by semicolons&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence &#40;P&#41; and mean intensity &#40;MI&#41; were calculated following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Bush et al&#46; &#40;1997&#41;</a>&#46; Fisher&#39;s exact test was used to compare prevalences and the negative binomial regression methodology &#40;NBR&#41; was used to analyze intensities&#46; Comparisons with Argentinean P and MI correspond to these reported by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone &#40;2011&#41;</a>&#46; Statistical analyses were performed in R environment &#40;R Core Team&#44; Vienna&#44; Austria&#44; <a href="http://www.R-project.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;R-project&#46;org&#47;</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Voucher specimens of worms were deposited at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile&#44; Invertebrate Collection &#40;MNHNCL&#47;NEM&#41;&#44; and voucher specimen of rodents were deposited at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile - Vertebrate Collection &#40;MNHN&#41;&#44; and the Patricio S&#225;nchez Reyes Flora and Fauna Collection &#40;UCK&#41; -Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile&#46;<a name="p1034"></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The filarioids were identified as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> according to the morphological and morphometric characters stated by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone &#40;2011&#41;</a>&#46; Specimens show the following characters&#58; the shape of the buccal capsule displays an anterior enlargement in the cuticularized segment &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1A</a>&#41;&#59; the left spicule is constituted with a handle longer than the blade&#59; blade consisting of a filament&#59; the right spicule is well cuticularized&#44; with a prominent dorsal heel and a terminal cap&#59; the tail is attenuated with one pair of ad-cloacal papillae and three to four pairs of slightly asymmetric postcloacal papillae &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1B</a>&#41;&#59; the arrangement of the head papillae consists of two dorsal cephalic papillae near the amphids and four labial papillae &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2A</a>&#41;&#59; the area rugosa constituted by transverse ridges made of small longitudinal crests &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2B</a>&#41;&#59; and the position of the vulva&#44; posterior to the esophago-intestinal junction&#46; Measurements of the specimens are included in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Taxonomic summary</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hosts and localities&#58; Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</span> Bennett&#44; 1832 from Los Que&#241;es &#40;35&#176;08&#39;13&#8221; S&#44; 70&#176;45&#39;19&#8221; W&#41;&#44; UCK 423&#59; from Polpaico &#40;33&#176;09&#39; S&#44; 70&#176;53&#39; W&#41;&#44; MNHN 1598&#59; from Rinconada de Maip&#250; &#40;33&#176;29&#39; S&#44; 70&#176;49&#39; W&#41;&#44; PM84&#44;<a name="p1035"></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PM183&#44; PM184&#44; PM204&#44; PM207&#44; PM233&#44; PM264&#44; PM266&#59; from Calera de Tango &#40;33&#176;38&#39; S&#44; 70&#176;47&#39; W&#41;&#44; PL186&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis darwini</span> Waterhouse&#44; 1837 from Las Chinchillas National Reserve &#40;31&#176;30&#39; S&#44; 71&#176;06&#39; W&#41;&#44; MNHN 1599&#44; Dn56&#44; T66&#44; L56&#44; K56&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus rattus</span> from Fundo El Bosque &#40;33&#176;32&#39; S&#44; 70&#176;48&#39; W&#41;&#44; M180&#59; from La Pintana &#40;33&#176;34&#39; S&#44; 70&#176;37&#39; W&#41;&#44; M145&#44; Chile&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Site of infection&#58;</span> abdominal and peritoneal cavities&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Specimens deposited&#58;</span> voucher specimens at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile&#44; Invertebrates Collection numbers MNHNCL&#47;NEM 11853&#59; 11854&#59; 11855&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Remarks&#46; Litomosoides pardinasi</span> was found in the peritoneal and thoracic cavities of 11 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;9&#37;&#59; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>57&#46;3&#41; and 5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;2&#37;&#59; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; and in the peritoneal cavity of 2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;24&#37;&#59; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#46;5&#41; captured in 7 areas located in Chile&#46; Total prevalence and total mean intensity in native host species were 9&#37; and 42&#46;5&#44; respectively&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis darwini</span> showed significantly lower prevalence than <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&#44; and non-significantly higher prevalence than <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When comparing our data with that from Argentina&#44; total prevalence in Chile&#44; excluding <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> &#40;9&#37;&#44; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>177&#41;&#44; was significantly lower than in Argentina &#40;25&#46;5&#37;&#44; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>47&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41;&#46; When comparing prevalence from the same host genus&#44; in Chilean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> it was significantly lower &#40;4&#46;2&#37;&#44; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>119&#41; than in the Argentinean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; xanthopygus</span> &#40;25&#37;&#44; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; while prevalence in Chilean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> &#40;19&#37;&#44; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58&#41; was not significantly different from that of the Argentinean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> &#40;33&#46;3&#37;&#44; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;490&#41;&#46; The total mean intensity in Chile excluding <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> &#40;42&#46;5&#41; was significantly higher than in Argentina &#40;7&#46;08&#41; &#40;Likelihood ratio test &#40;LRt&#41;&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Analyzing by host species or genus&#44; there were no significant differences between the mean intensities of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> from Chile &#40;57&#46;3&#41; and Argentina &#40;6&#41; &#40;LRt&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;150&#41;&#59; the same was observed between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis</span> spp&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span>&#58; 10 vs&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; xanthopygus&#58;</span> 7&#46;2&#59; LRt&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;560&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Here we report the first record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> in Chile and expand the host record to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus&#46;</span> Identification was based on morphological attributes and supported by morphometric characters&#46; Most of the measurements of Chilean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> averaged between the minimum and maximum measurements of Argentinean samples &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; However some differences were observed&#58; female tails of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> found in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> from Chile are shorter than those obtained from Argentina&#44; while the female tail from the specimen found in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> is similar to the specimen of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> from Argentina &#40;855 versus 800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Male worms from the three host species found in Chile presented shorter tails than those found in Argentina&#46; The<a name="p1036"></a> Chilean specimens also had shorter left spicules &#40;153&#8211;241<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m versus 210&#8211;270<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#41;&#46; However&#44; the spicular ratio from Chilean specimens fit within the range of the specimens from Argentina &#40;i&#46; e&#46;&#44; 1&#58;1&#46;96 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini&#59;</span> 1&#58;2&#46;12 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span>&#44; and 1&#58;1&#46;91 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> from Chile versus a range of 1&#58;1&#46;8 to 1&#58;2&#46;4 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; xanthopygus</span> and 1&#58;2&#46;09 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> from Argentina&#41;&#46; Morphometric variability was reported within other <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> species and these observations were attributed to differences in the host species and&#47;or geographic distribution &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Esslinger&#44; 1973</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bain et al&#46;&#44; 1989</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Guerrero et al&#46;&#44; 2002</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Notarnicola 2005</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Notarnicola et al&#46;&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevalences and mean intensities of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> from Chile and Argentina showed non-significant differences&#44; while in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis</span> spp&#46; the prevalence from the Chilean specimens was significantly lower than in Argentina&#46; Thus&#44; it appears that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> is well established in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> based on the similarities in their prevalences and mean intensities in Chile and Argentina&#46; In contrast&#44; this filarioid species seems to be recently acquired by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> and the exotic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> in Chile&#44; based on the significantly lower prevalence&#44; suggesting that this parasitism is a result of a recent host-switching phenomenon&#46; Moreover&#44; of the 16 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> species registered in Sigmodontinae rodents&#44; 6 are present in Akodontini&#44; 9 in Oryzomyini &#8212;including <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span>&#8212;&#44; and 1 in both Akodontini and Oryzomyini&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> is the unique species registered in Phyllotini&#46; This result supports the hypothesis that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> primarily colonized the Oryzomyini tribe and later&#44; by different phenomena of host-switching&#44; colonized the Phyllotini &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; xanthopygus</span> in Argentina and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> in Chile&#41; and the exotic host <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&#46; The host-switching phenomenon was frequently reported between native rodents living in sympatry &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Guerrero et al&#46;&#44; 2002</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Notarnicola&#44; 2005</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Vogel and Gabaldon &#40;1932&#41;</a> reported the presence of adults and microfilariae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; sigmodontis</span> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; norvegicus</span> from Caracas&#44; Venezuela&#46; This filarioid species was also found to parasitize the cotton rat <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sigmodon hispidus</span> Say and Ord&#44; 1825 from Mexico and USA &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Ochoterena and Caballero&#44; 1932</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Forrester and Kinsella&#44; 1973</a>&#41;&#46; Female specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> found in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span> presented microfilariae in the uterus&#44; indicating that its life cycle can be completed in the host and can be transmitted to other hosts&#46; All these results confirm that filarioid species are able to colonize allochthonous rodents when they share microhabitats with parasitized native rodents&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mite <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ornithonyssus bacoti</span> Hirst&#44; 1913 &#40;Acari&#44; Macronyssidae&#41; has been reported as a vector for several species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> in rodents as well as in bats &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">Bain et al&#46;&#44; 1980&#44; 2002</a>&#41;&#46; Another study showed that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hoplopleura travassosi</span> Werneck&#44; 1932 &#40;Anoplura&#44; Hoplopleuridae&#41; presented positive association with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides bonaerensis</span> Notarnicola&#44; Bain and Navone 2000 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Lareschi et al&#46;&#44; 2003</a>&#41;&#46; In Chile&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; bacoti</span> has been recorded in several native and allochthonous rodents &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Jofr&#233; et al&#46;&#44; 2009</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Pe&#241;a Oyarce&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#59; whereas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H&#46; travassosi</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hoplopleura aitkeni</span> Johnson&#44; 1972 have been found in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span>&#44; respectively&#44; in a geographic range that encompasses this work &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">Gonz&#225;lez-Acu&#241;a et al&#46;&#44; 2003&#59; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; The presence of these arthropods in native and allochthonous rodents provide more information to the hypothesis that filarioids are transmitted by these vectors in rodents living in sympatry&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres479579"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501899"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres479580"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501900"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Taxonomic summary"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack147154"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Literature cited"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-02-25"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-07-07"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501899"
          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "host-switching"
            1 => "nematodes"
            2 => "filarioid"
            3 => "sigmodontine rodents"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oligoryzomys</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis</span>"
            6 => "Rattus"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec501900"
          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "cambio de hospedero"
            1 => "nem&#225;todos"
            2 => "filarias"
            3 => "roedores sigmodontinos"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oligoryzomys</span>"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis</span>"
            6 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report the first record of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> in native and exotic rodents from Chile&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span>&#44; described in the Argentine Patagonia parasitizing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis xanthopygus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</span>&#44; was found in Chile parasitizing the peritoneal and thoracic cavities of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> &#40;prevalence &#40;P&#41;&#61; 18&#46;9&#37;&#44; mean intensity &#40;MI&#41;&#61; 57&#46;3&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis darwini</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;2&#37;&#44; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; and in the peritoneal cavity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus rattus</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;24&#37;&#59; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#46;5&#41;&#46; Total P in native rodents from Chile was significantly lower than in Argentina&#44; while the total MI was higher&#46; Prevalence and MI of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> from Chile and Argentina showed non-significant differences&#59; prevalence in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> from Chile was significantly lower than in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; xanthopygus</span> from Argentina and than in Chilean <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span>&#46; Our results&#44; together with those from Argentina&#44; support the hypothesis that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> is well established in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span>&#44; but seems to be recently acquired by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> and the exotic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&#46; Considering the known host distribution of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> species among the sigmodontines&#44; our results also support the hypothesis that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> first colonized the Oryzomyini tribe and later&#44; by different phenomena of host-switching&#44; colonized the Phyllotini tribe and the exotic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> es registrada por primera vez en roedores nativos y ex&#243;ticos de Chile&#46; La especie <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span>&#44; par&#225;sita de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis xanthopygus</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</span> en la Patagonia Argentina&#44; fue encontrada en Chile parasitando la cavidad tor&#225;cica y abdominal de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> &#40;prevalencia &#40;P&#41;&#61; 18&#46;9&#37;&#44; intensidad media &#40;MI&#41;&#61; 57&#46;3&#41; y de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyllotis darwini</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;2&#37;&#44; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; y la cavidad abdominal del roedor ex&#243;tico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus rattus</span> &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;24&#37;&#59; MI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#46;5&#41;&#46; La P total en roedores nativos de Chile fue significativamente menor que la P de Argentina&#44; en tanto la MI total fue significativamente mayor&#46; La P y MI de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> de Chile y Argentina no mostraron diferencias significativas&#59; la P en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> de Chile fue significativamente menor que la de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; xanthopygus</span> de Argentina y que la de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> de Chile&#46; Considerando la distribuci&#243;n de las especies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> entre los sigmodontinos&#44; estos resultados apoyan la hip&#243;tesis que <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> est&#225; bien establecida en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span> y que posiblemente haya sido recientemente adquirida por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus&#46;</span> As&#237;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L&#46; pardinasi</span> coloniz&#243; primero a la Tribu Oryzomyini y posteriormente por un fen&#243;meno de cambio de hospedero a la Tribu Phyllotini y a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&#46;<a name="p1033"></a></p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1836
            "Ancho" => 973
            "Tamanyo" => 164133
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus rattus</span>&#46; A&#44; buccal capsule lateral view&#59; B&#44; posterior extremity of male showing the spicules and cloacal papillae&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1500
            "Ancho" => 972
            "Tamanyo" => 235636
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Scanning electron microphotographs of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span>&#46; A&#44; anterior extremity showing the labial papillae &#40;black arrows&#41;&#44; cephalic papillae &#40;black star&#41;&#44; and amphids &#40;white arrows&#41;&#59; B&#44; detail of the area rugosa at mid-length&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; darwini</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O&#46; longicaudatus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="middle" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R&#46; rattus</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Females&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Body length &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">55&#46;4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">56&#46;1 &#40;36&#46;2&#8211;72&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">53&#46;3 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Maximum width&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">244 &#40;190&#8211;325&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">310<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Width at vulva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">186&#59; 207&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">177&#46;1 &#40;160&#8211;200&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">170&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Buccal capsule &#40;L<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#59; 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">18 &#40;15&#8211;20&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8 &#40;7&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#59; 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Esophagus length&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">415&#59; 533&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">529 &#40;432&#8211;645&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">496&#59; 567&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Tail length&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">260 &#40;225&#8211;312&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">855 &#8224;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Vulva to apex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">772&#59; 961&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">1 132 &#40;925&#8211;1 335&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">1 271&#59; 1 559&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Males&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Body length &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">21&#46;5 &#40;20&#46;3&#8211;22&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">15&#46;5 &#40;10&#46;2&#8211;18&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">18&#46;1 &#40;15&#8211;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Maximum width&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">99 &#40;83&#8211;108&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">127 &#40;100&#8211;140&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">111 &#40;105&#8211;120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Buccal capsule &#40;L<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">19 &#40;16&#8211;22&#41; &#215; 8 &#40;6&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">17 &#40;16&#8211;20&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7 &#40;5&#8211;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">18 &#40;13&#8211;20&#41; &#215; 7 &#40;6&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Esophagus length&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">423 &#40;418&#8211;427&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">405 &#40;350&#8211;462&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">452 &#40;424&#8211;475&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Tail length&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">139 &#40;99&#8211;186&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">132 &#40;115&#8211;160&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">146 &#40;125&#8211;170&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Left spicule&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">199 &#40;180&#8211;217&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">222 &#40;170&#8211;241&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">210 &#40;153&#8211;232&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Handle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">112 &#40;93&#8211;130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">132 &#40;115&#8211;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">107 &#40;93&#8211;124&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Right spicule&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">101 &#40;96&#8211;108&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">105 &#40;87&#8211;117&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">116 &#40;85&#8211;197&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Area rugosa length&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">1 622 &#40;1 333&#8211;2 046&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">1 514 &#40;1 350&#8211;1 700&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="center" valign="middle">1 467 &#40;1 162&#8211;1 725&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab757999.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">From 1 entire specimen&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "&#8224;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">One entire female found in this host&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Measurements of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> parasitizing 3 different hosts in Chile</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Literature cited"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "Alca&#237;no and Gorman&#44; 1999"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Par&#225;sitos de los animales dom&#233;sticos en Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Alca&#237;no"
                            1 => "T&#46;R&#46; Gorman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parasitolog&#237;a al D&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "41"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "Alcaino et al&#46;&#44; 1984"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Filariasis canina en Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Alcaino"
                            1 => "T&#46;R&#46; Gorman"
                            2 => "M&#46; Puelma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "67"
                        "paginaFinal" => "73"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "Babero and Cattan&#44; 1975"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Helmintofauna de Chile&#58; II&#46; Par&#225;sitos del roedor deg&#250;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Octodon degus</span> Molina&#44; 1782&#44; con la descripci&#243;n de tres nuevas especies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;B&#46; Babero"
                            1 => "P&#46;E&#46; Cattan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bolet&#237;n Chileno de Parasitolog&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "68"
                        "paginaFinal" => "76"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1212283"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "Bain et al&#46;&#44; 2002"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "First account on the larval biology of a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> filaria from a bat"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Bain"
                            1 => "S&#46; Babayan"
                            2 => "J&#46; Gomes"
                            3 => "G&#46; Rojas"
                            4 => "R&#46; Guerrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parassitologia"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "89"
                        "paginaFinal" => "92"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12404814"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "Bain et al&#46;&#44; 1980"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Description de deux nouvelles filaires du genre <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> et de leurs stades infestants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Bain"
                            1 => "G&#46; Petit"
                            2 => "S&#46; Berteaux"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar&#233;e"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "225"
                        "paginaFinal" => "267"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7458160"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "Bain et al&#46;&#44; 1989"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#201;tude de quelques <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> parasites de rongeurs&#58; Cons&#233;quences taxonomiques"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Bain"
                            1 => "G&#46; Petit"
                            2 => "M&#46; Diagne"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar&#233;e"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "268"
                        "paginaFinal" => "289"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2817694"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "Brant and Gardner&#44; 1997"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Two new species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ctenomys opimus</span> &#40;Rodentia&#58; Ctenomyidae&#41; on the Altiplano of Bolivia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;V&#46; Brant"
                            1 => "S&#46;L&#46; Gardner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "700"
                        "paginaFinal" => "705"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9267414"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "Bush et al&#46;&#44; 1997"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms&#58; Margolis et al&#46; revisited"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;O&#46; Bush"
                            1 => "K&#46;D&#46; Lafferty"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Lotz"
                            3 => "A&#46;W&#46; Shostak"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "575"
                        "paginaFinal" => "583"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9267395"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "Durette-Desset et al&#46;&#44; 1976"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pr&#233;sence chez un Rongeur du Chili d&#39;un N&#233;matode Inglamidinae &#40;sub"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Durette-Desset"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Denk&#233;"
                            2 => "R&#46; Mur&#250;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Fam&#46; Nov&#41; appartenant aux Amidostomatidae&#44; famille connue des Mammif&#232;res d&#39;Australie&#46; Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar&#233;e"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "453"
                        "paginaFinal" => "460"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "Esslinger&#44; 1973"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> Chandler&#44; 1931 &#40;Filarioidea&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; in Colombian bats and rats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Esslinger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "225"
                        "paginaFinal" => "246"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4696568"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0085253815536028"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00852538"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "Forrester and Kinsella&#44; 1973"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparative morphology and ecology of two species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Filarioidea&#41; of rodents in Florida&#44; with a key to the species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> Chandler&#44; 1931"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;F&#46; Forrester"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Kinsella"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "International Journal for Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "255"
                        "paginaFinal" => "263"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4706574"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Acu&#241;a et al&#46;&#44; 2003"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Contribuci&#243;n al conocimiento de los Phthiraptera &#40;Anoplura&#44; Hoplopleura&#41; par&#225;sitos de roedores en Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Acu&#241;a"
                            1 => "D&#46;D&#46;C&#46; Castro"
                            2 => "L&#46; Moreno-Salas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gayana"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "117"
                        "paginaFinal" => "119"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "Guerrero et al&#46;&#44; 2011"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41;&#44; parasite of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nectomys palmipes</span> &#40;Rodentia&#58; Cricetidae&#58; Sigmodontinae&#41; from Venezuela&#58; description&#44; molecular evidence&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Wolbachia pipientis</span> screening"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Guerrero"
                            1 => "O&#46; Bain"
                            2 => "C&#46; Martin"
                            3 => "M&#46; Barbuto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Folia Parasitologica"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "149"
                        "paginaFinal" => "156"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776894"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Acu&#241;a et al&#46;&#44; 2005"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New records of sucking lice &#40;Insecta&#58; Phthiraptera&#58; Anoplura&#41; on rodents &#40;Mammalia&#59; Rodentia&#59; Muridae&#41; from Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Acu&#241;a"
                            1 => "D&#46;D&#46;C&#46; Castro"
                            2 => "L&#46; Moreno-Salas"
                            3 => "J&#46; Torres-Mura"
                            4 => "E&#46; Mey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mastozoolog&#237;a Neotropical"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "249"
                        "paginaFinal" => "251"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "Guerrero et al&#46;&#44; 2003"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides yutajensis</span> n&#46; sp&#46;&#44; first record of this filarial genus in a mormoopid bat"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Guerrero"
                            1 => "C&#46; Martin"
                            2 => "O&#46; Bain"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parasite"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "219"
                        "paginaFinal" => "225"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14535161"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "Guerrero et al&#46;&#44; 2002"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New and known species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Filarioidea&#41;&#58; Important adult and larval characters and taxonomic changes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Guerrero"
                            1 => "C&#46; Martin"
                            2 => "S&#46;L&#46; Gardner"
                            3 => "O&#46; Bain"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Comparative Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "195"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "Jofr&#233; et al&#46;&#44; 2009"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Animal mites transmissible to humans and associated zoonosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Jofr&#233;"
                            1 => "I&#46; Noem&#237;"
                            2 => "P&#46; Neira"
                            3 => "T&#46; Saavedra"
                            4 => "C&#46; D&#237;az"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "/S0716-10182009000400008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Revista Chilena de Infectolog&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "248"
                        "paginaFinal" => "257"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19621159"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "Landaeta-Aqueveque et al&#46;&#44; 2007a"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The community of gastrointestinal helminths in the house mouse&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mus musculus</span>&#44; in Santiago&#44; Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Landaeta-Aqueveque"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46;R&#46; Robles"
                            2 => "P&#46;E&#46; Cattan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parasitolog&#237;a Latinoamericana"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "165"
                        "paginaFinal" => "169"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "Landaeta-Aqueveque et al&#46;&#44; 2007b"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Helmintofauna del roedor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abrothrix olivaceus</span> &#40;Sigmodontinae&#41; en &#225;reas sub-urbanas de Santiago de Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Landaeta-Aqueveque"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46;R&#46; Robles"
                            2 => "P&#46;E&#46; Cattan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parasitolog&#237;a Latinoamericana"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "134"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "Lareschi et al&#46;&#44; 2003"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Arthropod and filarioid parasites associated with wild rodents in the northeast marshes of Buenos Aires&#44; Argentina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Lareschi"
                            1 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                            2 => "G&#46; Navone"
                            3 => "P&#46;M&#46; Linardi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mem&#243;rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "673"
                        "paginaFinal" => "677"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12973536"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "L&#243;pez et al&#46;&#44; 2012"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identificaci&#243;n morfol&#243;gica y molecular de filarias caninas en una comuna semi-rural de la Regi&#243;n Metropolitana&#44; Chile"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "F&#46; Valiente-Echeverr&#237;a"
                            2 => "M&#46; Carrasco"
                            3 => "R&#46; Mercado"
                            4 => "K&#46; Abarca"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Revista Chilena Infectolog&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "284"
                        "paginaFinal" => "289"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "Moraes-Neto et al&#46;&#44; 1997"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides chagasfilhoi</span> s&#46; nov&#46; &#40;Nematoda&#58; Filarioidea&#41; parasitizing the abdominal cavity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Akodon cursor</span> &#40;Winge&#44; 1887&#41; Rodentia&#58; Muridae from Brazil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;H&#46;A&#46; Moraes-Neto"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Lanfredi"
                            2 => "W&#46; De Souza"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parasitology Research"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "137"
                        "paginaFinal" => "143"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039695"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola&#44; 2005"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Description of adult and fourth-stage larva of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides navonae</span> n&#46; sp&#46; &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41;&#44; a parasite of five species of sigmodontine rodents from northeastern Argentina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11230-005-5490-y"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Systematic Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "171"
                        "paginaFinal" => "183"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315077"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola et al&#46;&#44; 2000"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Two new species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> &#40;Nematoda&#58; Filarioidea&#41; in Sigmodontines &#40;Rodentia&#58; Muridae&#41; from R&#237;o de La Plata marshland&#44; Argentina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                            1 => "O&#46; Bain"
                            2 => "G&#46;T&#46; Navone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1318:TNSOLN]2.0.CO;2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1318"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1325"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11191910"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola et al&#46;&#44; 2002"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides anguyai</span> n&#46; sp&#46; &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oxymycterus misionalis</span> &#40;Rodentia&#58; Muridae&#41; in the rain forest of Misiones&#44; Argentina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                            1 => "O&#46; Bain"
                            2 => "G&#46;T&#46; Navone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Systematic Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "129"
                        "paginaFinal" => "135"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12075131"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola et al&#46;&#44; 2010"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides</span> &#40;Nemata&#58; Filarioidea&#41; of bats from Bolivia with records for three known species and the description of a new species"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                            1 => "F&#46;A&#46; Jim&#233;nez Ruiz"
                            2 => "S&#46;L&#46; Gardner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1645/GE-2371.1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "775"
                        "paginaFinal" => "782"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20738202"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2002"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new species&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides odilae</span> n&#46; sp&#46; &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oligoryzomys nigripes</span> &#40;Rodentia&#58; Muridae&#41; in the rainforest of Misiones&#44; Argentina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                            1 => "G&#46; Navone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0967:ANSLON]2.0.CO;2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Parasitology"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "967"
                        "paginaFinal" => "971"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12435138"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "Notarnicola and Navone&#44; 2011"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Litomosoides pardinasi</span> n&#46; sp&#46; &#40;Nematoda&#58; Onchocercidae&#41; from two species of cricetid rodents in Northern Patagonia&#44; Argentina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Notarnicola"
                            1 => "G&#46; Navone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00436-010-2051-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Parasitology Research"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "187"
                        "paginaFinal" => "194"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20852888"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "Ochoterena and Caballero&#44; 1932"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Filaria parasita de las ratas de campo&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Micropleura sigmodoni</span> spec&#46; nov&#46; Anales del Instituto de Biolog&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Ochoterena"
                            1 => "E&#46; Caballero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Universidad Nacional de Mexico"
                        "fecha" => "1932"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "123"
                        "paginaFinal" => "125"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "Pe&#241;a-Oyarce&#44; 2009"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Pe&#241;a-Oyarce"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis de la presencia de parasitosis zoon&#243;ticas en roedores que cohabitan con la poblaci&#243;n humana en diferentes sectores de las comunas de Valdivia y San Jos&#233; de la Mariquina"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "paginaInicial" => "43"
                        "editorial" => "Tesis&#44; Universidad Austral de Chile"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Chile&#44; Valdivia"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "Travassos&#44; 1919"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Filaria carinii</span> n&#46; sp&#46;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Travassos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Revista de la Sociedad Brasileira de Ciencias"
                        "fecha" => "1919"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "189"
                        "paginaFinal" => "190"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "Vogel and Gabaldon&#44; 1932"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vestibulosetaria</span>&#44; eine neve Filariengattung aus Rattenarten"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Vogel"
                            1 => "A&#46; Gabaldon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Zentralblatt f&#252;r Bakteriologie&#44; Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten"
                        "fecha" => "1932"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "paginaInicial" => "119"
                        "paginaFinal" => "124"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "identificador" => "xack147154"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors wish to thank Maria Cristina Estivariz from CEPAVE for the drawings and Eileen Smith for editorial support&#46; This work was supported by the Conicyt Ph&#46; D&#46; scholarships awarded to C&#46;L&#46; &#40;number 24110058&#41; and J&#46;P&#46;C&#46; &#40;AT-24100028&#41;&#44; and Fondecyt grants awarded to P&#46;E&#46;C &#40;1070960&#41;&#44; C&#46;B&#46; &#40;11090086&#41; and F&#46;T&#46;P&#46; &#40;1110664&#41;&#46; JN is a member of Conicet&#46;</p>"
        "vista" => "all"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729860/v1_201504220301/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/18703453/0000008500000004/v1_201504220301/S1870345314729860/v1_201504220301/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345314729860?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 18703453
Original language: English

DOI:10.7550/rmb.44711

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	1	0	1
2024 October	8	9	17
2024 September	10	2	12
2024 August	7	6	13
2024 July	13	6	19
2024 June	9	3	12
2024 May	5	0	5
2024 April	8	1	9
2024 March	8	6	14
2024 February	7	8	15
2024 January	8	7	15
2023 December	9	12	21
2023 November	7	4	11
2023 October	11	2	13
2023 September	9	6	15
2023 August	8	8	16
2023 July	6	6	12
2023 June	16	1	17
2023 May	26	6	32
2023 April	12	2	14
2023 March	5	1	6
2023 February	10	6	16
2023 January	4	5	9
2022 December	21	7	28
2022 November	14	7	21
2022 October	9	11	20
2022 September	7	18	25
2022 August	7	12	19
2022 July	7	7	14
2022 June	4	4	8
2022 May	9	5	14
2022 April	8	14	22
2022 March	11	12	23
2022 February	4	5	9
2022 January	11	6	17
2021 December	4	7	11
2021 November	3	9	12
2021 October	9	13	22
2021 September	3	7	10
2021 August	4	7	11
2021 July	6	8	14
2021 June	2	3	5
2021 May	10	7	17
2021 April	5	15	20
2021 March	4	3	7
2021 February	8	5	13
2021 January	6	3	9
2020 December	4	7	11
2020 November	4	4	8
2020 October	1	2	3
2020 September	2	3	5
2020 August	8	4	12
2020 July	1	4	5
2020 June	2	3	5
2020 May	7	9	16
2020 April	7	5	12
2020 March	7	7	14
2020 February	5	1	6
2020 January	7	12	19
2019 December	9	4	13
2019 November	7	3	10
2019 October	6	8	14
2019 September	17	2	19
2019 August	10	5	15
2019 July	19	6	25
2019 June	41	11	52
2019 May	96	12	108
2019 April	33	9	42
2019 March	14	2	16
2019 February	11	10	21
2019 January	13	2	15
2018 December	12	3	15
2018 November	17	0	17
2018 October	12	17	29
2018 September	22	4	26
2018 August	33	3	36
2018 July	13	1	14
2018 June	4	2	6
2018 May	19	1	20
2018 April	100	5	105
2018 March	7	1	8
2018 February	5	2	7
2018 January	4	1	5
2017 December	4	0	4
2017 November	5	1	6
2017 October	14	1	15
2017 September	8	3	11
2017 August	8	1	9
2017 July	9	3	12
2017 June	7	9	16
2017 May	8	1	9
2017 April	5	0	5
2017 March	9	82	91
2017 February	15	3	18
2017 January	20	3	23
2016 December	14	3	17
2016 November	17	6	23
2016 October	29	7	36
2016 September	14	1	15
2016 August	11	3	14
2016 July	21	2	23

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter