Mites of the families Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) from soils in Mexico

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6, pteromorpha; 7, hypostoma; 8, chelicera; 9, prodorsal setae; 10, pedipalp. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fernando Villagomez, José Guadalupe Palacios-Vargas" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "Villagomez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Guadalupe" "apellidos" => "Palacios-Vargas" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870345315000731?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18703453/0000008600000003/v1_201509250133/S1870345315000731/v1_201509250133/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Taxonomy and systematics" "titulo" => "Mites of the families Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) from soils in Mexico" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "605" "paginaFinal" => "612" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Ignacio M. Vázquez-Rojas, Edith G. Estrada-Venegas, Mercedes G. López-Campos" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Ignacio M." "apellidos" => "Vázquez-Rojas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mauro112003@yahoo.com.mx" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Edith G." "apellidos" => "Estrada-Venegas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mercedes G." "apellidos" => "López-Campos" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, Km. 36.5 Montecillo, 56230 Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ácaros de las familias Pygmephoridae y Neopygmephoridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) de suelos en México" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figures 31–36" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr31v36.jpeg" "Alto" => 1911 "Ancho" => 3482 "Tamanyo" => 437021 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pediculaster gracilis. (31) Dorsal view; (32) ventral view; (33–36) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe family Pygmephoridae contains 30 genera and 350 species (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Krantz & Walter, 2009</a>). These figures have changed since the work by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Kethley (1982)</a>, mainly due to recent reviews of this heterogeneous group. One of these changes is the re-establishment of the family Neopygmephoridae and the revision of generic characters to define them (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">Camerick, 2005; Khaustov, 2004</a>). The most diverse genera of the families Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae are Bakerdania Sasa, 1962 (about 100 species), Pygmephorus Kramer, 1877 (about 43 species) and Pediculaster Vitzthum, 1931 (about 95 species) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">Camerick, 2010; Khaustov, 2004, 2008</a>).Pygmephorid mites from Mexico cited by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Hoffmann and López-Campos (2000)</a> are Acinogaster (Acinogaster) kansensis Ross & Cross, 1979 (USA, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Brazil) from Chiapas State; A. (A.) marianae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Cross, 1965</a> (Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Guyana, and Trinidad) from Veracruz State; Pediculaster americanus (Banks, 1904) (USA, Mexico, and Haiti) from Mexico without more data. Species of Siteroptes Amerling, 1861 in soil samples from Puebla are also cited without any other data (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Hoffmann & López-Campos, 2000</a>). Pediculaster thailandensis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Camerick, 2005</a> on Chloropidae flies, from Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo and from a rocky seashore on Tethinidae flies, from Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico, are the most recent records (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Camerick, 2005</a>).We have been studying Prostigmata mites found in cultivated soils since 2005. Some results have already been published, particularly those about Ereynetidae from cultivated soils with a garlic (Allium sativum L.) crop in Guanajuato, Mexico (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Vázquez-Rojas & Estrada-Venegas, 2010</a>). Here, we publish data on the families of Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae found in garlic crop soil as well as, other natural, cultivated soils and compost. We consider the genera Mahunkania and Pediculaster as members of the family Pygmephoridae and the genera Bakerdania, Kerdabania and Pseudopygmephorus as members of the family Neopygmephoridae, following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">Khaustov (2004, 2009)</a>.Materials and methodsAll samples were collected by E. Estrada and A. Equihua from different parcels at the states of Guanajuato, Mexico, Veracruz and D. F. One kilogram of soil was processed by a Berlese Funnel by E. Estrada and her team along 1 year. The following arrangement of locality data was used: Guanajuato municipalities (in italics), parcel names and 2 letters as key of that name. Salamanca: El Fuerte (EF), El Tajo (ET), La Cuadrilla (LC), Pozo Félix (PF), San Isidro (SI) and San Juan (SJ); Comonfort: La Huerta (LH); Los Rodríguez: Mina 5 (M5); San Luis de La Paz: El Zorrillo (EZ) and El Nacimiento (EN). Same arrangement was used for other states and habitats. Compost samples at Texcoco (Montecillo), Mexico State (MTx); soil samples from Rio Tuxtla, Veracruz state (RTV); and soil samples from crops such as corn (Zea maiz L. 1753), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. 1753), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. 1753), and goosefoot (Chenopodium nuttalliae); from parcels P.J. Capultitla in Xochimilco, Distrito Federal (PJCX). A total of 167 specimens of Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae were mounted on slides and studied; these will be deposited in the collection of the second author.Drawings were made with a Zeiss compound microscope equipped with a camera lucida and then processed with Photoshop CS5. All measurements are expressed in μm and were made following the procedure by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Camerick, 1996</a>.Description<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato. 10, M5, 11/04/2002; 15, LH, 16/08/2001; 4, PF, 26/07/2000; 1, EN, 13/11/2001; 1, RTV, 01/10/2004; 1, ET, 17/07/2001; 1, PF, 15/05/2002. Soil 1, PJCX, 11/04/2007.Distribution and habitats of the species described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou, Jian-Rong, and En-Pei (1990)</a>Holotype and allotype of P. agarici were found in mushroom compost as well as manure in Shangai, China. Paratypes were found in mushroom compost, compost being pasteurized and on straw in greenhouses (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou et al., 1990</a>).Pseudopygmephorus agariciSize intervals from 6 studied specimens. Body 81–131 wide; 195–320 long. Length of dorsal setae of 6 specimens: v2 8–10, sc2 28–47, c1 23–30, c2 39–60, d 21–40, e 17–33, f 24–44; h1 25–50, h2 16–20. Distances between dorsal setae: v2–v2 21–27, sc2–sc2 17–24, c1–c1 35–47, c2–c2 80–111, d–d 41–60, f–f 42–61, e–e 56–78, h1–h1 24–42, h2–h2 58–82. Length of ventral setae: 1a 20–28, 1b 9–19, 2a 23–34, 2b 24–36, 3a 23–36, 3b 24–34, 3c 12–24, 4a 23–30, 4b 29–41, 4c 21–30, ps1 11–18, ps2 11–17, ps3 11–20. Length of tibiotarsus solenidia: ω1 7–9, ω2 5–6, φ1 3–5, φ2 6–8.Other species of P. aphodii<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Khaustov, 2010</a> (Ukraine), have been found on dung beetles Aphodius fimetarius (L.), and P. smileyi<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">Hill & Deahl, 1978</a> (USA), on horse manure for commercial mushroom production (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Hill & Deahl, 1978; Khaustov, 2010</a>).Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis Zou, Gao, & Ma, 1990: 375 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figs. 7–12</a>)Phoretomorph females collected in compost. 8, MTx, 19/07/2005.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Distribution and habitat of the species described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou et al. (1990)</a>Holotype, allotype and paratypes were found on manure and mushroom compost in Shangai, China (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou et al., 1990</a>).Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensisSize intervals from 5 specimens. Body, 89–126 wide; 170–310 long. Length of dorsal setae of 5 specimens: v2 8–10, sc2 36–52, c1 22–30, c2 39–60, d 22–30, e 14–31, f 23–31; h1 27–38, h2 13–21. Distances between dorsal setae: v2–v2 24–32, sc2–sc2 18–24, c1–c1 38–51, c2–c2 80–119, d–d 43–69, f–f 44–68, e–e 47–86, h1–h1 22–35, h2–h2 54–83. Length of ventral setae: 1a 17–24, 1b 13–20, 2a 23–35, 2b 15–24, 3a 15–29, 3b 18–29, 3c 15–23, 4a 14–24, 4b 22–35, 4c 16–26, ps1 10–18, ps2 10–17, ps3 16–20. Length of tibiotarsus solenidia: ω1 7–9, ω2 3–5, φ1 4–5, φ2 6–7.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State. 3, M5, 01/06/2002; 1, SI, 29/07/2002, 1; SI, 10/04/2002, 1, SI, 22/08/2002; 1, EN, 13/01/2001; 1, LC, 23/04/2003; 5, EZ, 29/07/2006. Females in cultivated soil in Xochimilco, D. F.: 2, PJCX, 23/05/2007, Coriandrum; 1, PJCX, 27/06/2007, corn; 1, PJCX, 11/04/2007, pumpkin; 1, PJCX, 28/03/2007, goosefoot.Distribution and habitat of the species renamed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov (2009)</a>The genus has worldwide distribution, except Antarctica. Forest litter and nests of small mammals and ants are known habitats. Phoresy unknown. K. inconspicua from Ukraine, vicinity of Poltava, soil under straw (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov, 2009</a>).Kerdabania inconspicuaBody size interval, 232–282 wide, 107–116 long. Length of dorsal setae: v2 9–11, sc2 42–47, c1 38–42, c2 42–48, d 33–40, e 11–22, f 40–44, h1 35–41, h2 36–41. Distances between dorsal setae: v2–v2 14–17, sc2–sc2 12–19, c1–c1 37–45, c2–c2 76–93, d–d 43–58, f–f 43–60, e–e 57–72, h1–h1 20–27, h2–h2 43–55. Length of ventral setae: 1a 15–20, 1b 16–20, 2a 24–28, 2b 25–32, 3a 12–15, 3b 12–14, 3c 13–16, 4a 10–12, 4b 13–20, 4c 14–19. Length of tibiotarsus solenidia: ω1 6–9, ω2 4–6, φ1 3–4, φ2 6–9.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Females in garlic crop soil in Guanajuato State. 2, EN, 16/01/2002; 1, PF, 13/02/2002; 1, 17/01/2002; 1, 14/03/2002; 1, SJ, 15/03/2002; 1, EF, 18/02/2002.Distribution and habitat of species by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Mahunka (1970)</a>Probably cosmopolitan, known from Europe and South America (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Mahunka, 1970</a>).Bakerdania exiguaBody chaetotaxy agrees with B. exigua (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Mahunka, 1969</a>) except ventral setae 4b (posesternals externals) which does not reach the vulva. Body 129–141 wide; 279–344 long. Length of dorsal setae: v2 7–8, sc2 36–42, c1 36–40, c2 45–52, d 33–40, e 34–40, f 44–50; h1 53–62, h2 48–53. Distances between dorsal setae: v2–v2 37–49, sc2–sc2 32–37, c1–c1 49–64, c2–c2 93–134, d–d 26–31, f–f 69–86, e–e 87–104, h1–h1 26–36, h2–h2 56–65. Length of ventral setae: 1a 24–32, 1b 26–28, 2a 30–36, 2b 41–53, 3a 40–44, 3b 41–51, 3c 24–27, 4a 39–61, 4b 57–67, 4c 23–38, ps1 12–13, ps2 7–9, ps3 11–13. Length of tibiotarsus solenidia: ω1 17–22, ω2 8–9, φ1 9–10, φ2 9–10.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State. 6, PF, 15/03/2002; 36, PF, 15/05/2002; 1, EZ, 29/07/2002; 1, EN, 13/11/2001.Distribution and habitat of species by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Rack (1965)</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Camerick and Coetzee (1997)</a>The genus Pediculaster is cosmopolitan, with some species inhabit dung and fungi. Common habitat is cattle dung and compost; the mites are phoretic on Diptera (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Camerick & Coetzee, 1997</a>). This genus is also known to inhabit soil, litter, mosses, and mammal droppings, mammal nests, plants and fruits (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Camerick, 1996</a>). Pediculaster ignotus was recorded from Hamburg-Langenhorn North, in organic material of 2–3 years of age (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Rack, 1965</a>).Pediculaster ignotusCharacters in general agree with the genus and the species but ps2 is different from other species in the genus because it is the shortest seta between ps setae.Pediculaster gracilis <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Camerick & Ueckermann, 1995</a>. (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figs. 31–36</a>)Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State. 2, EN, 13/12/2001; 1, EN, 13/09/2001; 2, EZ, 29/06/2002.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia>Distribution and habitat of species described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Camerick and Ueckermann (1995)</a>Type locality. Republic of South Africa, Johannesburg, Sandton, Innesfree Farm; habitat: horse and cow dung. Specimens also on Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) indeterminate (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Camerick & Ueckermann, 1995</a>).Pediculaster gracilisVentral side: Apodeme 3 not interrupted between setae 3a.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia>Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State. 3, PF, 15/05/2002.Distribution and habitat of species described by<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Rack (1972)</a>Mahunkania secunda was collected in Florida, USA from Fragaria sp. (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Rack, 1972</a>).Mahunkania secundaStudied specimens share with M. secunda the following characters after <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Kurosa (2002)</a>. Stigmata elongate-rectangular; prodorsal setae v1 subequal in length to v2; setae e about ½ as long as f; coxal setae 1b directly posterior to 1a, not reaching apodeme 2 when directed backward; coxal 1c neither longer nor thicker than 1a and 1b; solenidia ω1 just apical in position, well apart from, and somewhat larger than ω2; seta d on femur IV reaching apex of tibia; setae d (3.35) and l″ (3.78) on femur I subequal in size.DiscussionThe biology and behavior of Pygmephorid mites have been poorly studied, and they usually have been found associated phoretically to insects but the soil relationships are not fully understood. These mites have been collected in soils with high levels of organic matter, feeding on fungi (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Kurosa, 1999</a>), in different ecosystems as soil crust in desert habitat (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Villarreal-Rosas, Palacios-Vargas, & Maya, 2014</a>), termite nests (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Wang, Powell, & O’Connor, 2002</a>) and Arctic deserts (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Khaustov & Makarova, 2005</a>). Xochimilco soils are constantly improved with organic matter from the base of the lake, where the Chinampas zone is established. Garlic crop is usually associated with pathogenic fungi in the Guanajuato fields, so these conditions favor the Pygmephorid species. These mites are also vectors of fungal pathogens of plants and may feed preferentially on these phytopathogen fungi (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Krantz & Lindquist, 1979</a>).The genus Bakerdania is one of the largest genera in the Neopygmephoridae family, and includes about 100 species (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Khaustov, 2008</a>). They are found in all continents except Antarctica. These mites are piercing-sucking fungi with different feeding habits (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Walter & Proctor, 2013</a>). They inhabit litter and eutrophic habitats, where they arrive by means of phoresy on insects (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Kurosa, 1999</a>).The genus Pediculaster was abundant in samples, especially in garlic crop soil, with less abundant genera such as Bakerdania and Mahunkania, yet the latter remain very rare. Specimens of Pediculaster appear to be common in garlic crop soil, especially P. ignotus. With regard to this species, the difference in size of ps2 is notorious with respect to other Pediculaster species; nevertheless, this seta is similar to ps2 of P. ignotus shown by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Rack (1965)</a>. In the drawing 14 (page 26) of Rack's paper the ps2 is the shorter seta and the ps3 is the largest, as was found in the specimens of this study. All specimens of P. ignotus are phoretic females; we believe that their insect hosts may be the visitors in or near the garlic crop. It is clearly necessary to collect insects related to the crop searching for mites to confirm this relationship (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Camerick, 1996</a>).Pediculaster thailandensis was only found in compost. We assume that this species may be associated with some dipteran that dwells compost. As previously, the female phoretomorph leads us to believe that the presence of these mites is linked to the presence of host insects in the crop (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Camerick, 2005</a>).All the records presented here are new for Mexico and for the substrata where they were collected." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres558852" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574609" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres558853" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574608" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Description" "secciones" => array:16 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitats of the species described by Zou, Jian-Rong, and En-Pei (1990)" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Pseudopygmephorus agarici" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0105" "titulo" => "Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis Zou, Gao, & Ma, 1990: 375 (Figs. 7–12)" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of the species described by Zou et al. (1990)" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of the species renamed by Khaustov (2009)" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Kerdabania inconspicua" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species by Mahunka (1970)" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Bakerdania exigua" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species by Rack (1965) and Camerick and Coetzee (1997)" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Pediculaster ignotus" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0110" "titulo" => "Pediculaster gracilis Camerick & Ueckermann, 1995. (Figs. 31–36)" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species described by Camerick and Ueckermann (1995)" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Pediculaster gracilis" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species described byRack (1972)" ] 15 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Mahunkania secunda" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0100" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack188078" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-09-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-03-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574609" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Prostigmata" 1 => "Garlic crop" 2 => "Organic soil" 3 => "Phoretic mites" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574608" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Prostigmata" 1 => "Cultivo de ajo" 2 => "Suelo orgánico" 3 => "Ácaros foréticos" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Mites of the families Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae have been poorly studied in Mexico. Previous records from this group are: Acinogaster (A.) kansensis from Chiapas, A. (A.) marianae from Veracruz, Pygmephorus americanus from Mexico, some species of Siteroptes from Puebla and Pediculaster thailandensis from Quintana Roo. In this study we provide additional data, including specimens of Neopygmephoridae such as Kerdabania inconspicua, Bakerdania exigua, Pseudopygmephorus agarici, and P. shangaiensis; and of Pygmephoridae: Mahunkania secunda, Pediculaster ignotus and P. gracilis. Abundant specimens of Pediculaster ignotus were present in garlic crop soil." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Los ácaros de las familias Pygmephoridae y Neopygmephoridae de México han sido poco estudiados. Registros previos de este grupo son: Acinogaster (A.) kansensis de Chiapas, A. (A.) marianae de Veracruz, Pygmephorus americanus de México y especies de Siteroptes en muestras de Puebla, así como Pediculaster thailandensis del estado de Quintana Roo. En este estudio damos a conocer nuevos datos que incluyen a ejemplares de Neopygmephoridae como Kerdabania inconspicua, Bakerdania exigua, Pseudopygmephorus agarici and P. shangaiensis; también de la familia Pygmephoridae a Mahunkania secunda, Pediculaster ignotus y P. gracilis. La mayor abundancia de Pediculaster ignotus estuvo presente en suelos cultivados con ajo." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "Peer Review under the responsibility of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México." ] ] "multimedia" => array:12 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figures 1–6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1v6.jpeg" "Alto" => 2023 "Ancho" => 3500 "Tamanyo" => 473664 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pseudopygmephorus agarici. (1) Dorsal view; (2) ventral view; (3–6) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figures 7–12" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr7v12.jpeg" "Alto" => 1939 "Ancho" => 3497 "Tamanyo" => 440913 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis. (7) Dorsal view; (8) ventral view; (9–12) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figures 13–18" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr13v18.jpeg" "Alto" => 2107 "Ancho" => 3500 "Tamanyo" => 458470 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kerdabania inconspicua. (13) Dorsal view; (14) ventral view; (15–18) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figures 19–24" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr19v24.jpeg" "Alto" => 2007 "Ancho" => 3500 "Tamanyo" => 432147 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Bakerdania exigua. (19) Dorsal view; (20) ventral view; (21–24) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figures 25–30" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr25v30.jpeg" "Alto" => 2076 "Ancho" => 3500 "Tamanyo" => 480007 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pediculaster ignotus. (25) Dorsal view; (26) ventral view; (27–30) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figures 31–36" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr31v36.jpeg" "Alto" => 1911 "Ancho" => 3482 "Tamanyo" => 437021 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pediculaster gracilis. (31) Dorsal view; (32) ventral view; (33–36) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0035" "etiqueta" => "Figures 37–42" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr37v42.jpeg" "Alto" => 1918 "Ancho" => 3496 "Tamanyo" => 443709 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mahunkania secunda. (37) Dorsal view; (38) ventral view; (39–42) legs I to IV. Scale bar 50μm." ] ] 7 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neopygmephoridae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Cross, 1965</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pseudopygmephorus <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Cross, 1965</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Type species: Pygmephorus tarsalis Hirst, 1921;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Cross, 1965</a>: 221 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pseudopygmephorus agarici Zou, Gao & Ma, 1990: 373 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1–6</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab901832.png" ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Kerdabania <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov, 2009</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Type species: Kerdabania magnifica, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov, 2009</a>: 171 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Kerdabania inconspicua (Berlese, 1904) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figs. 13–18</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pigmephorus inconspicuus Berlese, 1904: 12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Scutacarus centriger Cooreman, 1951 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pygmephorus sellnickiKrczal, 1958: 69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Kerdabania inconspicuus (Berlese, 1904)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov, 2009</a>:183 comb. n. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab901835.png" ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bakerdania Sasa, 1961 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Type species: Pygmephorus cultratus Berlese, 1904; (1970) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bakerdania exigua (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Mahunka, 1969</a>) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Figs. 19–24</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neopygmephorus exiguus <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Mahunka, 1969</a>: 533. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bakerdania exiguus <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">Mahunka, 1969; Mahunka, 1970</a>: 348 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bakerdania exigua (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Mahunka, 1969</a>): <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Rack, 1972</a>: 284. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab901833.png" ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pygmephoridae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Cross, 1965</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pediculaster Vitzthum, 1931 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Type species: Pigmephorus mesembrinae Canestrini, 1880 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pediculaster ignotus Krczal, 1959 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Figs. 25–30</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab901834.png" ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mahunkania <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Rack, 1972</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Type species: Mahunkania hallensis <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Rack, 1972</a>: 278 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mahunkania secunda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Rack, 1975</a>(<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0035">Figs. 37–42</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab901836.png" ] ] ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Camerick, 1996" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Phoretic females of Pediculaster gautengensis sp. n (Acari: Pygmephoridae) associated with insects collected from dung in South Africa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.M. Camerick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mittelungen Hamburg Zoologischen Museum Institut" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "161" "paginaFinal" => "170" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "Camerick, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Two new Pediculaster (Acari: Siteroptidae) species from Thailand and Mexico" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.M. Camerick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bulletin de la Societé Royale Belge d’Entomologie" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "141" "paginaInicial" => "63" "paginaFinal" => "71" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "Camerick, 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pediculaster–host relationships (Acari: Siteroptidae). Trends in Acarology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.M. Camerick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Proceedings of the 12 international congress [2009]" "paginaInicial" => "337" "paginaFinal" => "342" "serieFecha" => "2010" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "Camerick and Coetzee, 1997" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The phoretic female of Pediculaster australis spec. nov (Acari: Pygmephroridae) from South Africa and new synonyms for P. morelliae" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.M. Camerick" 1 => "S.H. Coetzee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bulletin de I’nstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Entomologie" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "33" "paginaFinal" => "43" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "Camerick and Ueckermann, 1995" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pediculaster norrbomialis sp. n. and P. gracilis sp. n. (Acari Heterostigmata: Pygmephoridae) from South Africa, with notes on host and dung preference on their phoretic females" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.M. Camerick" 1 => "E. Ueckermann" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologisschen Museum und Institut" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "92" "paginaInicial" => "73" "paginaFinal" => "86" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "Cross, 1965" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The generic relationships of the family Pyemotidae (Acarina: Trombidiformes)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E.A. Cross" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" "fecha" => "1965" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "275" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "Hill and Deahl, 1978" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new species of Pseudopygmephorus (Acari: Pygmephoridae) associated with commercial mushroom production" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Hill" 1 => "K. 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Taxonomy and systematics

Ácaros de las familias Pygmephoridae y Neopygmephoridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) de suelos en México

Ignacio M. Vázquez-Rojasa,

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mauro112003@yahoo.com.mx

Corresponding author.

, Edith G. Estrada-Venegasb, Mercedes G. López-Camposa

a Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico

b Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, Km. 36.5 Montecillo, 56230 Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The family Pygmephoridae contains 30 genera and 350 species &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Krantz &#38; Walter&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#46; These figures have changed since the work by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Kethley &#40;1982&#41;</a>&#44; mainly due to recent reviews of this heterogeneous group&#46; One of these changes is the re-establishment of the family Neopygmephoridae and the revision of generic characters to define them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">Camerick&#44; 2005&#59; Khaustov&#44; 2004</a>&#41;&#46; The most diverse genera of the families Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania</span> Sasa&#44; 1962 &#40;about 100 species&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pygmephorus</span> Kramer&#44; 1877 &#40;about 43 species&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> Vitzthum&#44; 1931 &#40;about 95 species&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">Camerick&#44; 2010&#59; Khaustov&#44; 2004&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pygmephorid mites from Mexico cited by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Hoffmann and L&#243;pez-Campos &#40;2000&#41;</a> are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinogaster</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinogaster</span>&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kansensis</span> Ross &#38; Cross&#44; 1979 &#40;USA&#44; Mexico&#44; Costa Rica&#44; Panama&#44; Ecuador&#44; and Brazil&#41; from Chiapas State&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>&#46;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marianae</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Cross&#44; 1965</a> &#40;Mexico&#44; Costa Rica&#44; Panama&#44; Ecuador&#44; Guyana&#44; and Trinidad&#41; from Veracruz State&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster americanus</span> &#40;Banks&#44; 1904&#41; &#40;USA&#44; Mexico&#44; and Haiti&#41; from Mexico without more data&#46; Species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Siteroptes</span> Amerling&#44; 1861 in soil samples from Puebla are also cited without any other data &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Hoffmann &#38; L&#243;pez-Campos&#44; 2000</a>&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster thailandensis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Camerick&#44; 2005</a> on Chloropidae flies&#44; from Playa del Carmen&#44; Quintana Roo and from a rocky seashore on Tethinidae flies&#44; from Tulum&#44; Quintana Roo&#44; Mexico&#44; are the most recent records &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Camerick&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have been studying Prostigmata mites found in cultivated soils since 2005&#46; Some results have already been published&#44; particularly those about Ereynetidae from cultivated soils with a garlic &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Allium sativum</span> L&#46;&#41; crop in Guanajuato&#44; Mexico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">V&#225;zquez-Rojas &#38; Estrada-Venegas&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46; Here&#44; we publish data on the families of Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae found in garlic crop soil as well as&#44; other natural&#44; cultivated soils and compost&#46; We consider the genera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahunkania</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> as members of the family Pygmephoridae and the genera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kerdabania</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus</span> as members of the family Neopygmephoridae&#44; following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">Khaustov &#40;2004&#44; 2009&#41;</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All samples were collected by E&#46; Estrada and A&#46; Equihua from different parcels at the states of Guanajuato&#44; Mexico&#44; Veracruz and D&#46; F&#46; One kilogram of soil was processed by a Berlese Funnel by E&#46; Estrada and her team along 1 year&#46; The following arrangement of locality data was used&#58; Guanajuato municipalities &#40;in italics&#41;&#44; parcel names and 2 letters as key of that name&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Salamanca</span>&#58; El Fuerte &#40;EF&#41;&#44; El Tajo &#40;ET&#41;&#44; La Cuadrilla &#40;LC&#41;&#44; Pozo F&#233;lix &#40;PF&#41;&#44; San Isidro &#40;SI&#41; and San Juan &#40;SJ&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comonfort</span>&#58; La Huerta &#40;LH&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Los Rodr&#237;guez</span>&#58; Mina 5 &#40;M5&#41;&#59; San Luis de La Paz&#58; El Zorrillo &#40;EZ&#41; and El Nacimiento &#40;EN&#41;&#46; Same arrangement was used for other states and habitats&#46; Compost samples at Texcoco &#40;Montecillo&#41;&#44; Mexico State &#40;MTx&#41;&#59; soil samples from Rio Tuxtla&#44; Veracruz state &#40;RTV&#41;&#59; and soil samples from crops such as corn &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Zea maiz</span> L&#46; 1753&#41;&#44; pumpkin &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cucurbita pepo</span> L&#46; 1753&#41;&#44; coriander &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coriandrum sativum</span> L&#46; 1753&#41;&#44; and goosefoot &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chenopodium nuttalliae</span>&#41;&#59; from parcels P&#46;J&#46; Capultitla in Xochimilco&#44; Distrito Federal &#40;PJCX&#41;&#46; A total of 167 specimens of Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae were mounted on slides and studied&#59; these will be deposited in the collection of the second author&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drawings were made with a Zeiss compound microscope equipped with a camera lucida and then processed with Photoshop CS5&#46; All measurements are expressed in &#956;m and were made following the procedure by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Camerick&#44; 1996</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Description</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato&#46; 10&#44; M5&#44; 11&#47;04&#47;2002&#59; 15&#44; LH&#44; 16&#47;08&#47;2001&#59; 4&#44; PF&#44; 26&#47;07&#47;2000&#59; 1&#44; EN&#44; 13&#47;11&#47;2001&#59; 1&#44; RTV&#44; 01&#47;10&#47;2004&#59; 1&#44; ET&#44; 17&#47;07&#47;2001&#59; 1&#44; PF&#44; 15&#47;05&#47;2002&#46; Soil 1&#44; PJCX&#44; 11&#47;04&#47;2007&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Distribution and habitats of the species described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou&#44; Jian-Rong&#44; and En-Pei &#40;1990&#41;</a></span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Holotype and allotype of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">agarici</span> were found in mushroom compost as well as manure in Shangai&#44; China&#46; Paratypes were found in mushroom compost&#44; compost being pasteurized and on straw in greenhouses &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou et al&#46;&#44; 1990</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus agarici</span></span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Size intervals from 6 studied specimens&#46; Body 81&#8211;131 wide&#59; 195&#8211;320 long&#46; Length of dorsal setae of 6 specimens&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 8&#8211;10&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 28&#8211;47&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 23&#8211;30&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 39&#8211;60&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 21&#8211;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 17&#8211;33&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 24&#8211;44&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 25&#8211;50&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 16&#8211;20&#46; Distances between dorsal setae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 21&#8211;27&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 17&#8211;24&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 35&#8211;47&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 80&#8211;111&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 41&#8211;60&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 42&#8211;61&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 56&#8211;78&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 24&#8211;42&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 58&#8211;82&#46; Length of ventral setae&#58; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 20&#8211;28&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 9&#8211;19&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 23&#8211;34&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 24&#8211;36&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 23&#8211;36&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 24&#8211;34&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 12&#8211;24&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 23&#8211;30&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 29&#8211;41&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 21&#8211;30&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 11&#8211;18&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 11&#8211;17&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> 11&#8211;20&#46; Length of tibiotarsus solenidia&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 7&#8211;9&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 5&#8211;6&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 3&#8211;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 6&#8211;8&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; aphodii</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Khaustov&#44; 2010</a> &#40;Ukraine&#41;&#44; have been found on dung beetles <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aphodius fimetarius</span> &#40;L&#46;&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; smileyi</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">Hill &#38; Deahl&#44; 1978</a> &#40;USA&#41;&#44; on horse manure for commercial mushroom production &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Hill &#38; Deahl&#44; 1978&#59; Khaustov&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis</span> Zou&#44; Gao&#44; &#38; Ma&#44; 1990&#58; 375 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 7&#8211;12</a>&#41;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phoretomorph females collected in compost&#46; 8&#44; MTx&#44; 19&#47;07&#47;2005&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Distribution and habitat of the species described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou et al&#46; &#40;1990&#41;</a></span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Holotype&#44; allotype and paratypes were found on manure and mushroom compost in Shangai&#44; China &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Zou et al&#46;&#44; 1990</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis</span></span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Size intervals from 5 specimens&#46; Body&#44; 89&#8211;126 wide&#59; 170&#8211;310 long&#46; Length of dorsal setae of 5 specimens&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 8&#8211;10&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 36&#8211;52&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 22&#8211;30&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 39&#8211;60&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 22&#8211;30&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 14&#8211;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 23&#8211;31&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 27&#8211;38&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 13&#8211;21&#46; Distances between dorsal setae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 24&#8211;32&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 18&#8211;24&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 38&#8211;51&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 80&#8211;119&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 43&#8211;69&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 44&#8211;68&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 47&#8211;86&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 22&#8211;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 54&#8211;83&#46; Length of ventral setae&#58; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 17&#8211;24&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 13&#8211;20&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 23&#8211;35&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 15&#8211;24&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 15&#8211;29&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 18&#8211;29&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 15&#8211;23&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 14&#8211;24&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 22&#8211;35&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 16&#8211;26&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 10&#8211;18&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 10&#8211;17&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> 16&#8211;20&#46; Length of tibiotarsus solenidia&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 7&#8211;9&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 3&#8211;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 4&#8211;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 6&#8211;7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State&#46; 3&#44; M5&#44; 01&#47;06&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; SI&#44; 29&#47;07&#47;2002&#44; 1&#59; SI&#44; 10&#47;04&#47;2002&#44; 1&#44; SI&#44; 22&#47;08&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; EN&#44; 13&#47;01&#47;2001&#59; 1&#44; LC&#44; 23&#47;04&#47;2003&#59; 5&#44; EZ&#44; 29&#47;07&#47;2006&#46; Females in cultivated soil in Xochimilco&#44; D&#46; F&#46;&#58; 2&#44; PJCX&#44; 23&#47;05&#47;2007&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coriandrum</span>&#59; 1&#44; PJCX&#44; 27&#47;06&#47;2007&#44; corn&#59; 1&#44; PJCX&#44; 11&#47;04&#47;2007&#44; pumpkin&#59; 1&#44; PJCX&#44; 28&#47;03&#47;2007&#44; goosefoot&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Distribution and habitat of the species renamed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov &#40;2009&#41;</a></span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genus has worldwide distribution&#44; except Antarctica&#46; Forest litter and nests of small mammals and ants are known habitats&#46; Phoresy unknown&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K&#46; inconspicua</span> from Ukraine&#44; vicinity of Poltava&#44; soil under straw &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Khaustov&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kerdabania inconspicua</span></span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Body size interval&#44; 232&#8211;282 wide&#44; 107&#8211;116 long&#46; Length of dorsal setae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 9&#8211;11&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 42&#8211;47&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 38&#8211;42&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 42&#8211;48&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 33&#8211;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 11&#8211;22&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 40&#8211;44&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 35&#8211;41&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 36&#8211;41&#46; Distances between dorsal setae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 14&#8211;17&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 12&#8211;19&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 37&#8211;45&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 76&#8211;93&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 43&#8211;58&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 43&#8211;60&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 57&#8211;72&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 20&#8211;27&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 43&#8211;55&#46; Length of ventral setae&#58; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 15&#8211;20&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 16&#8211;20&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 24&#8211;28&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 25&#8211;32&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 12&#8211;15&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 12&#8211;14&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 13&#8211;16&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 10&#8211;12&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 13&#8211;20&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 14&#8211;19&#46; Length of tibiotarsus solenidia&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 6&#8211;9&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 4&#8211;6&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 3&#8211;4&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 6&#8211;9&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Females in garlic crop soil in Guanajuato State&#46; 2&#44; EN&#44; 16&#47;01&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; PF&#44; 13&#47;02&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; 17&#47;01&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; 14&#47;03&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; SJ&#44; 15&#47;03&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; EF&#44; 18&#47;02&#47;2002&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Distribution and habitat of species by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Mahunka &#40;1970&#41;</a></span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Probably cosmopolitan&#44; known from Europe and South America &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Mahunka&#44; 1970</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania exigua</span></span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Body chaetotaxy agrees with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">exigua</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Mahunka&#44; 1969</a>&#41; except ventral setae 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> &#40;posesternals externals&#41; which does not reach the vulva&#46; Body 129&#8211;141 wide&#59; 279&#8211;344 long&#46; Length of dorsal setae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 7&#8211;8&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 36&#8211;42&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 36&#8211;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 45&#8211;52&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 33&#8211;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 34&#8211;40&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 44&#8211;50&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 53&#8211;62&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 48&#8211;53&#46; Distances between dorsal setae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 37&#8211;49&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sc</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 32&#8211;37&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 49&#8211;64&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 93&#8211;134&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> 26&#8211;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> 69&#8211;86&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> 87&#8211;104&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 26&#8211;36&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 56&#8211;65&#46; Length of ventral setae&#58; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 24&#8211;32&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 26&#8211;28&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 30&#8211;36&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 41&#8211;53&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 40&#8211;44&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 41&#8211;51&#44; 3<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 24&#8211;27&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> 39&#8211;61&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> 57&#8211;67&#44; 4<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> 23&#8211;38&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 12&#8211;13&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 7&#8211;9&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> 11&#8211;13&#46; Length of tibiotarsus solenidia&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 17&#8211;22&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 8&#8211;9&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 9&#8211;10&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#966;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 9&#8211;10&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State&#46; 6&#44; PF&#44; 15&#47;03&#47;2002&#59; 36&#44; PF&#44; 15&#47;05&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; EZ&#44; 29&#47;07&#47;2002&#59; 1&#44; EN&#44; 13&#47;11&#47;2001&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Distribution and habitat of species by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Rack &#40;1965&#41;</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Camerick and Coetzee &#40;1997&#41;</a></span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> is cosmopolitan&#44; with some species inhabit dung and fungi&#46; Common habitat is cattle dung and compost&#59; the mites are phoretic on Diptera &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Camerick &#38; Coetzee&#44; 1997</a>&#41;&#46; This genus is also known to inhabit soil&#44; litter&#44; mosses&#44; and mammal droppings&#44; mammal nests&#44; plants and fruits &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Camerick&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster ignotus</span> was recorded from Hamburg-Langenhorn North&#44; in organic material of 2&#8211;3 years of age &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Rack&#44; 1965</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster ignotus</span></span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Characters in general agree with the genus and the species but <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> is different from other species in the genus because it is the shortest seta between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span> setae&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Pediculaster gracilis <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Camerick &#38; Ueckermann&#44; 1995</a>&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Figs&#46; 31&#8211;36</a>&#41;</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State&#46; 2&#44; EN&#44; 13&#47;12&#47;2001&#59; 1&#44; EN&#44; 13&#47;09&#47;2001&#59; 2&#44; EZ&#44; 29&#47;06&#47;2002&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Distribution and habitat of species described by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Camerick and Ueckermann &#40;1995&#41;</a></span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Type locality&#46; Republic of South Africa&#44; Johannesburg&#44; Sandton&#44; Innesfree Farm&#59; habitat&#58; horse and cow dung&#46; Specimens also on Cynipidae &#40;Hymenoptera&#41; indeterminate &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Camerick &#38; Ueckermann&#44; 1995</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Pediculaster gracilis</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ventral side&#58; Apodeme 3 not interrupted between setae 3a&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phoretomorph females in soil of garlic crop in Guanajuato State&#46; 3&#44; PF&#44; 15&#47;05&#47;2002&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Distribution and habitat of species described by</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rack &#40;1972&#41;</span></a></span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahunkania secunda</span> was collected in Florida&#44; USA from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fragaria</span> sp&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Rack&#44; 1972</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahunkania secunda</span></span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studied specimens share with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">secunda</span> the following characters after <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Kurosa &#40;2002&#41;</a>&#46; Stigmata elongate-rectangular&#59; prodorsal setae <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> subequal in length to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">v</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#59; setae <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span> about &#189; as long as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&#59; coxal setae 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> directly posterior to 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>&#44; not reaching apodeme 2 when directed backward&#59; coxal 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span> neither longer nor thicker than 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span> and 1<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>&#59; solenidia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> just apical in position&#44; well apart from&#44; and somewhat larger than <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#969;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#59; seta <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> on femur IV reaching apex of tibia&#59; setae <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> &#40;3&#46;35&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">l</span>&#8243; &#40;3&#46;78&#41; on femur I subequal in size&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The biology and behavior of Pygmephorid mites have been poorly studied&#44; and they usually have been found associated phoretically to insects but the soil relationships are not fully understood&#46; These mites have been collected in soils with high levels of organic matter&#44; feeding on fungi &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Kurosa&#44; 1999</a>&#41;&#44; in different ecosystems as soil crust in desert habitat &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Villarreal-Rosas&#44; Palacios-Vargas&#44; &#38; Maya&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#44; termite nests &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Wang&#44; Powell&#44; &#38; O&#8217;Connor&#44; 2002</a>&#41; and Arctic deserts &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Khaustov &#38; Makarova&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; Xochimilco soils are constantly improved with organic matter from the base of the lake&#44; where the Chinampas zone is established&#46; Garlic crop is usually associated with pathogenic fungi in the Guanajuato fields&#44; so these conditions favor the Pygmephorid species&#46; These mites are also vectors of fungal pathogens of plants and may feed preferentially on these phytopathogen fungi &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Krantz &#38; Lindquist&#44; 1979</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania</span> is one of the largest genera in the Neopygmephoridae family&#44; and includes about 100 species &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Khaustov&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46; They are found in all continents except Antarctica&#46; These mites are piercing-sucking fungi with different feeding habits &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Walter &#38; Proctor&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; They inhabit litter and eutrophic habitats&#44; where they arrive by means of phoresy on insects &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Kurosa&#44; 1999</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> was abundant in samples&#44; especially in garlic crop soil&#44; with less abundant genera such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahunkania</span>&#44; yet the latter remain very rare&#46; Specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> appear to be common in garlic crop soil&#44; especially <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ignotus</span>&#46; With regard to this species&#44; the difference in size of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> is notorious with respect to other <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> species&#59; nevertheless&#44; this seta is similar to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ignotus</span> shown by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Rack &#40;1965&#41;</a>&#46; In the drawing 14 &#40;page 26&#41; of Rack&#39;s paper the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> is the shorter seta and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ps</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> is the largest&#44; as was found in the specimens of this study&#46; All specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ignotus</span> are phoretic females&#59; we believe that their insect hosts may be the visitors in or near the garlic crop&#46; It is clearly necessary to collect insects related to the crop searching for mites to confirm this relationship &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Camerick&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster thailandensis</span> was only found in compost&#46; We assume that this species may be associated with some dipteran that dwells compost&#46; As previously&#44; the female phoretomorph leads us to believe that the presence of these mites is linked to the presence of host insects in the crop &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Camerick&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the records presented here are new for Mexico and for the substrata where they were collected&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
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          "titulo" => "Description"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitats of the species described by Zou&#44; Jian-Rong&#44; and En-Pei &#40;1990&#41;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Pseudopygmephorus agarici"
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              "titulo" => "Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis Zou&#44; Gao&#44; &#38; Ma&#44; 1990&#58; 375 &#40;Figs&#46; 7&#8211;12&#41;"
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              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of the species described by Zou et al&#46; &#40;1990&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Pseudopygmephorus shangaiensis"
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              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of the species renamed by Khaustov &#40;2009&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Kerdabania inconspicua"
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              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species by Mahunka &#40;1970&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "sec0065"
              "titulo" => "Bakerdania exigua"
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            9 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0070"
              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species by Rack &#40;1965&#41; and Camerick and Coetzee &#40;1997&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "sec0075"
              "titulo" => "Pediculaster ignotus"
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              "titulo" => "Pediculaster gracilis Camerick &#38; Ueckermann&#44; 1995&#46; &#40;Figs&#46; 31&#8211;36&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "sec0080"
              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species described by Camerick and Ueckermann &#40;1995&#41;"
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            13 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0085"
              "titulo" => "Pediculaster gracilis"
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            14 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0090"
              "titulo" => "Distribution and habitat of species described byRack &#40;1972&#41;"
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            15 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0095"
              "titulo" => "Mahunkania secunda"
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          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-09-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-03-11"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mites of the families Pygmephoridae and Neopygmephoridae have been poorly studied in Mexico&#46; Previous records from this group are&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinogaster</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46;</span>&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kansensis</span> from Chiapas&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>&#46;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marianae</span> from Veracruz&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pygmephorus americanus</span> from Mexico&#44; some species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Siteroptes</span> from Puebla and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster thailandensis</span> from Quintana Roo&#46; In this study we provide additional data&#44; including specimens of Neopygmephoridae such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kerdabania inconspicua</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania exigua</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus agarici</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; shangaiensis</span>&#59; and of Pygmephoridae&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahunkania secunda</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster ignotus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gracilis</span>&#46; Abundant specimens of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster ignotus</span> were present in garlic crop soil&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los &#225;caros de las familias Pygmephoridae y Neopygmephoridae de M&#233;xico han sido poco estudiados&#46; Registros previos de este grupo son&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinogaster</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46;</span>&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kansensis</span> de Chiapas&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span>&#46;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">marianae</span> de Veracruz&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pygmephorus americanus</span> de M&#233;xico y especies de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Siteroptes</span> en muestras de Puebla&#44; as&#237; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster thailandensis</span> del estado de Quintana Roo&#46; En este estudio damos a conocer nuevos datos que incluyen a ejemplares de Neopygmephoridae como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kerdabania inconspicua</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania exigua</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus agarici and P&#46; shangaiensis</span>&#59; tambi&#233;n de la familia Pygmephoridae a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mahunkania secunda&#44; Pediculaster ignotus</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gracilis</span>&#46; La mayor abundancia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster ignotus</span> estuvo presente en suelos cultivados con ajo&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neopygmephoridae</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cross&#44; 1965</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pseudopygmephorus <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cross&#44; 1965</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type species&#58;</span> Pygmephorus tarsalis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hirst&#44; 1921&#59;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cross&#44; 1965</span></a>&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">221</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Kerdabania <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Khaustov&#44; 2009</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type species&#58;</span> Kerdabania magnifica&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Khaustov&#44; 2009</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58; 171</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Kerdabania inconspicua <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Berlese&#44; 1904&#41; &#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figs&#46; 13&#8211;18</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pigmephorus inconspicuus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Berlese&#44; 1904&#58; 12</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pygmephorus sellnicki</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Krczal&#44; 1958&#58; 69</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pygmephoridae</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cross&#44; 1965</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mahunkania <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rack&#44; 1972</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type species</span>&#58; Mahunkania hallensis <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rack&#44; 1972</span></a>&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">278</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "Camerick&#44; 1996"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Phoretic females of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster gautengensis</span> sp&#46; n &#40;Acari&#58; Pygmephoridae&#41; associated with insects collected from dung in South Africa"
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                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Camerick"
                          ]
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mittelungen Hamburg Zoologischen Museum Institut"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "161"
                        "paginaFinal" => "170"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "Camerick&#44; 2005"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Two new <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster</span> &#40;Acari&#58; Siteroptidae&#41; species from Thailand and Mexico"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bulletin de la Societ&#233; Royale Belge d&#8217;Entomologie"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "63"
                        "paginaFinal" => "71"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "Camerick&#44; 2010"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pediculaster&#8211;host relationships &#40;Acari&#58; Siteroptidae&#41;&#46; Trends in Acarology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Camerick"
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                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceedings of the 12 international congress &#91;2009&#93;"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "342"
                        "serieFecha" => "2010"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "Camerick and Coetzee&#44; 1997"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The phoretic female of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster australis</span> spec&#46; nov &#40;Acari&#58; Pygmephroridae&#41; from South Africa and new synonyms for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; morelliae</span>"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Camerick"
                            1 => "S&#46;H&#46; Coetzee"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bulletin de I&#8217;nstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique&#46; Entomologie"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
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                    ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "Camerick and Ueckermann&#44; 1995"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pediculaster norrbomialis</span> sp&#46; n&#46; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gracilis</span> sp&#46; n&#46; &#40;Acari Heterostigmata&#58; Pygmephoridae&#41; from South Africa&#44; with notes on host and dung preference on their phoretic females"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Camerick"
                            1 => "E&#46; Ueckermann"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologisschen Museum und Institut"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "73"
                        "paginaFinal" => "86"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "Cross&#44; 1965"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The generic relationships of the family Pyemotidae &#40;Acarina&#58; Trombidiformes&#41;"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46;A&#46; Cross"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "The University of Kansas Science Bulletin"
                        "fecha" => "1965"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "Hill and Deahl&#44; 1978"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A new species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudopygmephorus</span> &#40;Acari&#58; Pygmephoridae&#41; associated with commercial mushroom production"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Hill"
                            1 => "K&#46; Deahl"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington&#44; 80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "335"
                        "paginaFinal" => "342"
                        "serieFecha" => "1978"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "Hoffmann and L&#243;pez-Campos&#44; 2000"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Biodiversidad de los &#225;caros de M&#233;xico"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Hoffmann"
                            1 => "M&#46;G&#46; L&#243;pez-Campos"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "editorial" => "Conabio&#44; UNAM"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Mexico City"
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                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "Kethley&#44; 1982"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acariformes"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Synopsis and classification of living organisms 2"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "145"
                        "serieFecha" => "1982"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "Khaustov&#44; 2004"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mites of the family Neopygmephoridae Cross&#44; 1965 stat&#46; n&#46; and their position in Heterostigmata"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "VIII Rossiyskoe Acarologicheskoe Soveshchanie"
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              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "Khaustov&#44; 2008"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Four new species of mites of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bakerdania</span> &#40;Acari&#44; Heterostigmata Kerdabania&#41; gen&#46; n&#46;&#44; with four new species &#40;Acari&#58; Heterostigmata&#58; Neopygmephoridae&#41;"
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                      ]
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Vestnick Zoologii"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3"
                        "paginaFinal" => "10"
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                  ]
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            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "Khaustov&#44; 2009"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A description of new genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kerdabania</span> gen&#46; n&#46;&#44; with four new species &#40;Acari&#58; Heterostigmata&#58; Neopygmephoridae&#41;"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acarina"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "171"
                        "paginaFinal" => "188"
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              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "Khaustov&#44; 2010"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:1 [
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            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "Khaustov and Makarova&#44; 2005"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Entomological Review"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
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            14 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "Krantz and Lindquist&#44; 1979"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Evolution of phytophagous mites &#40;Acari&#41;"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Annual Review of Entomology"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "158"
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                    0 => array:1 [
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              "etiqueta" => "Kurosa&#44; 1999"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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Article information

ISSN: 18703453
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rmb.2015.05.009

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