Comparison of the shear bond strength of brackets between two adhesive systems (SEP and MIP Transbond) at 60 minutes and 24 hours
Comparación de la resistencia al desprendimiento de brackets entre dos sistemas adhesivos (SEP y MIP Transbond) a 60 minutos y 24 horas
Jacqueline Adelina Rodríguez Chávez
, Federico Humberto Barceló Santana§, Socorro Aida Borges Yáñez§, Jesús Ángel Arenas Alatorre‖
* Orthodontic specialty student at the Postgraduate Studies and Research Division of the School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico
§ Professor at the Postgraduate Studies and Research Division of the School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico
‖ «A» Researcher from the Physics Institute of the National University of Mexico
Read
2292
Timeswas read the article
592
Total PDF
1700
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2395921516301192" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/S2395-9215(16)30119-2" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-10-01" "aid" => "73676" "copyright" => "Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "copyrightAnyo" => "2013" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2013;1:e38-43" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 580 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 42 "HTML" => 409 "PDF" => 129 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921516301209" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/S2395-9215(16)30120-9" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-10-01" "aid" => "73677" "copyright" => "Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2013;1:e44-53" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2042 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 51 "HTML" => 1720 "PDF" => 271 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Osteogenic mandibular distraction in Nager’s Syndrome. Case report" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e44" "paginaFinal" => "e53" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Distracción osteogénica mandibular en síndrome de Nager. Reporte de un caso" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 2026 "Ancho" => 1501 "Tamanyo" => 338317 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Final occlussion control. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">6a y b</span>. Monomaxillary and bimaxillary Spring bite. <span class="elsevierStyleBold">6c</span>. Overjet and overbite</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Nubia Yadira Prado Bernal, Norma Villanueva, Héctor Rincón" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nubia Yadira" "apellidos" => "Prado Bernal" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Norma" "apellidos" => "Villanueva" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Héctor" "apellidos" => "Rincón" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921516301209?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000100000001/v2_201610190108/S2395921516301209/v2_201610190108/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2395921516301180" "issn" => "23959215" "doi" => "10.1016/S2395-9215(16)30118-0" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-10-01" "aid" => "73675" "copyright" => "Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia. 2013;1:e33-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 653 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 36 "HTML" => 413 "PDF" => 204 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Comparative analysis between dental, skeletal and chronological age" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e33" "paginaFinal" => "e37" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análisis comparativo entre la edad ósea, edad dental y edad cronológica" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 502 "Ancho" => 1002 "Tamanyo" => 42350 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Differences between chronological, dental and skeletal age.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Norma Angélica Arciniega Ramos, Mauricio Ballesteros Lozano, Arcelia Meléndez Ocampo" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Norma Angélica" "apellidos" => "Arciniega Ramos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mauricio" "apellidos" => "Ballesteros Lozano" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Arcelia" "apellidos" => "Meléndez Ocampo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921516301180?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23959215/0000000100000001/v2_201610190108/S2395921516301180/v2_201610190108/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Comparison of the shear bond strength of brackets between two adhesive systems (SEP and MIP Transbond) at 60 minutes and 24 hours" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e38" "paginaFinal" => "e43" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Jacqueline Adelina Rodríguez Chávez, Federico Humberto Barceló Santana, Socorro Aida Borges Yáñez, Jesús Ángel Arenas Alatorre" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jacqueline Adelina" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez Chávez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jarch17@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Federico Humberto" "apellidos" => "Barceló Santana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">§</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Socorro Aida" "apellidos" => "Borges Yáñez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">§</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jesús Ángel" "apellidos" => "Arenas Alatorre" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">‖</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Orthodontic specialty student at the Postgraduate Studies and Research Division of the School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico" "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Professor at the Postgraduate Studies and Research Division of the School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico" "etiqueta" => "§" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "«A» Researcher from the Physics Institute of the National University of Mexico" "etiqueta" => "‖" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Comparación de la resistencia al desprendimiento de brackets entre dos sistemas adhesivos (SEP y MIP Transbond) a 60 minutos y 24 horas" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 712 "Ancho" => 1502 "Tamanyo" => 134607 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEP Transbond Plus group (self-etching adhesive) with debonding at 24 hours.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The introduction of the etching technique<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> for bracket adhesion has come to be an important method in the clinical orthodontic treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The conventional method for bonding brackets to the enamel surface needs three different agents: enamel conditioner, adhesive and composite. Orthophosphoric acid is the most commonly used enamel conditioner. It has been reported that ortophosphoric acid at 30 to 40% concentrations produces the etching patterns with the most retention.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The introduction of new self-etching adhesives has drawn considerable attention due to the fact that they combine the etching and the adhesive application steps in one thus eliminating the need to rinse and possibly, damage to the gingival tissues. It has also been reported that they minimize the quantity of lost enamel during etching.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In the<a name="p2"></a> beginning self-etching adhesives were used for dentin. Essentially the acid part of the adhesive dissolves the smear layer. It also demineralizes the dentin and captures collagen fibers as well as hydroxyapatite crystals. The adhesive components of the composite then flow into the adhesive- treated dentin which produces a «hybrid layer». The Prompt-L-Pop system was the first sixth-generation adhesive in being introduced to the dental market.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The same chemical composition was used in the self-etching adhesive (Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, California) for orthodontics. Numerous <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> studies have been published about the effectiveness of this new self-etching primer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> No differences have been observed between the bracket shear bond strength and the enamel treated with a self-etching primer and the conventional method.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9–11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The bracket resistance to debonding must be sufficient to endure functional forces to the point that allows bracket debonding without enamel damage. Very high resistance values are not desirable because of the excessive force that it is needed to debond the bracket thus resulting in enamel damage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Several studies suggest shear bond strengths of 6 to 10 Mpa as clinically adequate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>The shear bond strengths observed in an in vitro study can be higher than the ones observed clinically. However these studies provide a guide for the selection of the bracket/adhesive.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aljuburi<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> observed a significant reduction in the resistance to fracture with self-etching primers, however, Buyukylmaz et al and Bishara<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> reported significantly greater values.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In most of these studies the effectiveness of the self-etching primer Transbond Plus was assessed 24 hours after the bonding procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> However, this 24 hours period does not reflect the clinical orthodontics in which the archwire is normally placed immediately after bracket bonding, the period of time between bracket bonding and initial archwire insertion varies according to the number of bonded teeth and the clinician’s experience. The initial shear bond strength of the brackets is important because the majority of orthodontists insert the archwire into the bracket slot 10 to 15 minutes after bonding. There are a limited number of studies that focus on the adhesive’s fracture resistance of the self-etching primer Transbond Plus during the first 30 minutes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and another study at 5 and 15 minutes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Transbond XT adhesive system is an example of conventional adhesive systems used inorthodontics. There are different adhesive systems available for bracket bonding in orthodontics. The objective of this study is to compare the bracket’s resistance to debonding after 60 minutes and 24 hours after bonding with two different bonding systems.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Teeth</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sixty upper and lower right and left premolars were extracted for orthodontic reasons between January and February at the maxillofacial Surgery clinic at the Postgraduate Studies and Research Division of the School of Dentistry. After being extracted, the teeth were stored in refrigeration at 4 °C in bidistilled water which was changed weekly to avoid bacterial growth. The inclusion criteria for teeth selection were: intact buccal enamel, absence of previous treatment with chemical agents (such as hydrogen peroxide), absence of cracks, caries and that they had been extracted maximum three months before use.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Brackets</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stainless steel premolar brackets (3M Unitek Gemini Metal Brackets .022 (0.56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) MBT Px, Cuspid hooks, 0 degrees Torque Cuspids 3M Unitek, USA Batch A7432, REF 119-142) were used for this study. The mesh area of the bracket is 10.62<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Adhesion procedure</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 60 teeth were divided randomly in 4 groups of 15. Prior to bracket placement, the premolars were cleaned with pumice and a rubber cup for 10 seconds.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The brackets were bonded according to the following protocols:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Protocol I. Groups 1 and 2: (conventional method (CM)) once the teeth were clean, we applied 37% orthophosphoric acid for 15 seconds, rinsing with copious amounts of water. Then the teeth were dried with oil and a water-free air source until a matt appearance was obtained. A uniform layer of adhesive (Transbond MIP; 3M Unitek, USA) was applied to the enamel surface for 2 to 5 seconds. The adhesive resin (Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste 3M Unitek, USA) was placed on the bracket base and the<a name="p3"></a> bracket was positioned over the enamel surface with a positioned (Boone caliber MASEL 4000-900) to align the buccal surface of each tooth parallel to the bracket base. The excess resin was removed with an explorer. The adhesive resin was light-cured for 20 seconds from two directions (mesial and distal) using a LED curing light (Bluephase C5 Ivoclar Vivadent Clinical, USA, ser. No. 1651190, 100-240 V AC, 50-60 Hz) with an output power of 600 mW/cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Protocol II. Groups 3 and 4: A self-etching primer (self-etching primer (SEP) 3M Unitek Transbond Plus Self Etching) was applied to the enamel surface for 3 seconds and was airbrushed. The adhesive resin (Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste 3M Unitek, USA) was placed over the bracket base and then it was positioned over the enamel surface with a positioner (Boone Caliber MASEL 4000-900) to align the buccal surface of each tooth parallel to the bracket base. The excess resin was removed with an explorer. The resin was light-cured for 20 seconds from two directions (mesial and distal).</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each tooth was mounted on self-curing acrylic resin in a cylindrical block, leaving the sample’s buccal surface exposed. They were mounted placing the tooth with the bracket in the center of the sample maker with help from a 0.016<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.022 wire and an elastomeric ligature tie with the purpose of placing the bracket parallel to the Instron universal testing machine’s wire. The samples were stored in bidistilled water at 37 °C to prevent dehydration.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Bracket debonding</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The debonding test was performed after 60 min and 24 h in an Instron universal testing machine set at a crosshead speed of 1.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm/min, applying the traction force parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tooth until debonding was accomplished. A recording of the values of each sample was obtained in Mpa.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Remnant adhesive</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The surface of each tooth was examined with a 10X optical microscope to determine the location of the failure in the adhesive interface by using a modified adhesive remnant index. The ARI scale has a 0 to 3 rank; the 0 value represents no adhesive in the enamel surface, 1 less than 50% of the adhesive left on the enamel, 2 more than 50% of the adhesive left on the enamel and 3 100% of the adhesive left on the enamel.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ANOVA analysis was used for both groups to obtain significant differences between etching protocols, debonding times and their interactions. All the combinations of treatment to evaluate shear bond strength were compared using the Levene’s test for equality of variances. The χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was also used to determine the ARI significant differences between groups (P < 0.5).</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The total sample size consisted in 60 teeth divided into four groups of 15. We used as adhesive systems Transbond Plus and Transbond MIP with debonding at 60 minutes and 24 hours respectively. The results were conducted with the ANOVA analysis thus obtaining in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">table I</span></a> the comparison of the shear bond strength (MPa). The results show that there are no differences in the shear bond strength between Transbond MIP at 24 hours (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.8 SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.9) and SEP Transbond Plus at 24 hours (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.1, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.8), the differences in the groups’ mean are not statistically significant (t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.73 p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.46).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The comparison of the shear bond strength (MPa) is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">table II</a>. It demonstrates that there is no difference in shear bond strength between Transbond MIP at 60 minutes (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.01 SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.2) and SEP Transbond Plus at 60 minutes (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.35, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.1), the differences in the groups’ mean are not statistically significant (t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.71 p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.48).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">emsp<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table III</span></a> shows the percentage distribution of the adhesive remnant index (ARI) test. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figures 1 to 4</span></a> show the representative photographs of the enamel surface and the bracket surface at 24 hours and 60 minutes after debonding.<a name="p4"></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study we used two adhesive systems: Transbond MIP and SEP Transbond Plus. The debonding test as performed at 60 minutes and at 24 hours in the Instron universal testing machine. The modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also performed.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Turk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> evaluated the effect of two adhesive systems, SEP Transbond Plus and Transbond MIP at different debonding times: 5, 15, 30, 60 minutes and 24 hours with 100 premolars divided in ten groups of ten premolars each. We used those same adhesives and performed the debonding at 60 minutes and 24 hours on 60 premolars divided into four groups of 15 each. Turk obtained values for SEP Transbond Plus at 60 minutes of 13.13 MPa, at 24 hours of 19.11 MPa. For the Transbond MIP group at 60 minutes he obtained 12.32 MPa and at 24 hours, 16,82 MPa. These results do not correspond with the ones obtained in this study since we found lower values at 60 minutes and 24 hours than the ones they reported. On the ARI index they report a value of 3 for the majority of the sample. We agree in the ARI Index for SEP Transbond Plus at 60 minutes but not for the 24 hours group. For Transbond MIP at 60 minutes and 24 hours we agree. The variation in the results can be due to the sample size, the etching time since they etched with 37% orthophosphoric acid for 30 s in the samples where they used Transbond MIP and we etched for 15 seconds, following the manufacturer’s guidelines; in the inclusion criteria of our study, we selected teeth that had been extracted maximum three months before and they were refrigerated at 4 °C after the extraction while their study does not offer any data of this sort.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Likewise, Wade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> evaluated the SEP Transbond Plus adhesive’s influence at different application times. He used 40 molars divided in two groups of 20, the bracket base size was 10.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and it was from a lateral incisor. In group I the adhesive was applied for 3 to 5 seconds as the manufacturer recommend. In group II, the adhesive was applied for 15 seconds. He obtained values for group I of 8.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.6 MPA and for group II, 8.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.4 MPA. We agree with the values of group I where the manufacturer’s guidelines were followed and because their sample management was similar to ours.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bishara<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> compared debonding with two adhesive systems, light-curing with a halogen lamp (20 seconds) and with a LED light-curing unit (10 seconds) in 80 central incisors divided into 4 groups of 20 each. He placed metallic and ceramic<a name="p5"></a> brackets. They obtained a shear bond strength value for Transbond MIP of 4.6 MPa and SEP Transbond Plus of 8.6 MPa. In spite of the methodological differences we agree with the debonding values for both adhesives on metallic brackets so one can infer that the type of light-curing unit and the bracket base size do not affect the shear bond strength of these adhesive systems.<a name="p6"></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a different paper Bishara<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> evaluated the effects of two adhesive systems in orthodontics without finding any statistically significant difference between adhesives. Their methodology differs from ours in sample size, bracket base and debonding times but still under these variations we agree on the debonding values.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lopez<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> evaluated the retention force after applying the same adhesives we used with two types of bracket base and performing the debonding at 48 hours. They obtained values for SEP Transbond Pus of 7.65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.83 MPA and for Transbond MIP, an average value of 6.95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.06 MPa. These values correspond with ours thus confirming that placing the archwire to the fixed brackets 60 minutes or 24 hours later does not affect the shear bond strength.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trite<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> compared the bond strength and the ARI with three adhesive systems and different debonding times, obtaining in the majority of the sample a 1 value, in agreement with our values.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We suggest that more research is needed on self-ecthing adhesives in order to compare laboratory results with clinical cases. Future studies must be performed to structurally identify and analyze the enamel surface after bracket debonding to evaluate the integrity of the enamel during etching and at debonding in relation to the values obtained during the tests with the Instron machine. On clinical practice we need to do a follow-up to know the bonding failure percentage using different adhesive systems and times of archwire placement and also insect the debonded brackets during the orthodontic treatment.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclusions</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Under the methodology used for this study the results suggest that there are no statistically significant differences on shear bond strength at 60 minutes and 24 hours between SEP Transbond Plus and Transbond MIP with conventional method as adhesive systems.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In most of our sample less than half of the adhesive was left on the enamel surface.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres741776" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec746006" "titulo" => "Key words" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres741777" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec746005" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Teeth" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Brackets" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Adhesion procedure" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Bracket debonding" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Remnant adhesive" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack246552" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec746006" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Adhesion" 1 => "adhesive" 2 => "shear bond strength" 3 => "adhesive strength" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec746005" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Adhesión" 1 => "adhesivo" 2 => "fuerza de retención" 3 => "fuerza de adhesión" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance when debonding the braces of the enamel after 60 minutes and 24 hours of its fixation with two different adhesive systems. 60 bicuspids where divided into 4 groups of 15 samples each one and were treated with self-etching adhesive SEP Transbond Plus 3M Unitek (group 3 and 4) and conventional adhesive Transbond MIP 3M Unitek (group 1 and 2). The samples were submitted to tangential forces with the universal machine Instron with speed load shedding 1.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm/min to obtain the resistance when debonding. After doing the statically analysis ANOVA showed that there are not significant statically difference at the debonding forces between Transbond MIP at 24 hours (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.8, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.9) and SEP Transbond at 24 hours (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.1, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.8) (t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.73 p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.46). There is no statistically significant difference between Transbond MIP at 60 minutes (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.01 SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.2) and SEP Transbond Plus at 60 minutes (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.35, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.1) (t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-.71 p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.48). It was seen lees than the middle of the remnant adhesive in most of the sample.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El propósito de este estudio es comparar la resistencia al desprendimiento que tienen los brackets del esmalte después de 60 minutos y 24 horas de su fijación con dos sistemas diferentes de adhesión. Se utilizaron 60 premolares divididos en 4 grupos de 15 muestras cada uno, fueron tratados con adhesivo de un solo paso SEP Transbond Plus 3M Unitek (grupos 3 y 4) y adhesivo convencional Transbond MIP 3M Unitek (grupos 1 y 2). Las muestras fueron sometidas a fuerzas tangenciales en la máquina universal Instron con una velocidad de carga de 1.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm/min para obtener la fuerza de resistencia al desprendimiento. Después de haber realizado el análisis estadístico ANOVA se demostró que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza al desprendimiento entre Transbond MIP a 24 horas (media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.8, DE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.9) y SEP Transbond Plus a 24 horas (media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.1, DE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.8) (t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.73 p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.46). No existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza al desprendimiento entre Transbond MIP a 60 minutos (media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.01, DE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.2) y SEP Transbond Plus a 60 minutos (media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.35, DE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.1) (t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-.71 p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.48). En la mayoría de las muestras se observó menos de la mitad de adhesivo remanente en el esmalte dental al aplicar la prueba de índice de adhesivo remanente (ARI).</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 716 "Ancho" => 1498 "Tamanyo" => 133399 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Transbond MIP group (conventional method) with debondind at 24 hours.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 710 "Ancho" => 1501 "Tamanyo" => 133080 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Transbond MIP group (conventional method) with debonding at 60 minutes.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 712 "Ancho" => 1502 "Tamanyo" => 134607 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEP Transbond Plus group (self-etching adhesive) with debonding at 24 hours.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 736 "Ancho" => 1501 "Tamanyo" => 119513 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEP Transbond Plus group (self-etching adhesive) with debonding at 60 minutes.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(t = 0.73 p = 0.46)</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Transbond MIP 24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SEP Transbond Plus 24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1226266.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the shear bond strength (MPa) between Transbond MIP at 24 hours and SEP Transbond Plus at 24 hours.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table II" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(t = -.71 p = 0.48)</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Transbond MIP 60 min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SEP Transbond Plus 60 min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1226265.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the shear bond strength (MPa) between Transbond MIP at 60 min and SEP Transbond Plus at 60 minutes.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table III" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">X2 = 12.07 p = 0.20 total</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Groups</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ARI</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Transbond MIP 24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SEP transbond Plus 24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Transbond MIP 60 min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SEP Transbond Plus 60 min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="center" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1226267.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of the percentage analysis of remnant adhesive (ARI).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A simple method of increasiong the adhesion of acrylic filling material to enamel superfaces" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.G. Buonocore" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dent Res" "fecha" => "1955" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "849" "paginaFinal" => "853" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epoxy a adhesives for orthodontic attachments: progress report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G.V. Newman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod" "fecha" => "1965" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "901" "paginaFinal" => "912" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5214895" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical experience with the acid etch technique in ortodontics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.H. Retief" 1 => "P.L. Sadowsky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod" "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "645" "paginaFinal" => "654" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1106210" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effects of different phosphoric acid concentrations on surface enamel" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "W. Carstensen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1043/0003-3219(1992)062<0051:TEODPA>2.0.CO;2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "58" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1554164" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enamel loss during bonding, debonding, and cleanup with use of a self-etching primer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "I. Hosein" 1 => "M. Sheriff" 2 => "A.J. Ireland" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540604005967" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "126" "paginaInicial" => "717" "paginaFinal" => "724" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15592221" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a self-etching primer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.A. Millar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Orthod" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "45" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11314527" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bonding of stainless steel brackets to enamel with a new self-etching primer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.W. Arnold" 1 => "E.C. Combe" 2 => "J.H. Walfor Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "276" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12226608" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of the sear bond strength between a convencional and a new integrated bonding system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.E. Bishara" 1 => "C. Oonsombat" 2 => "R. Ajlouni" 3 => "J.F. Laffon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "75" "paginaInicial" => "233" "paginaFinal" => "238" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a modified 1-step etch ant and primer technique" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.C. Dorminey" 1 => "W.J. Duna" 2 => "L.J. Taloumis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540603004049" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "410" "paginaFinal" => "413" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14560271" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of fluoride varnish on the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> bond strength of orthodontic brackets using a self-etching primer system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. Kimura" 1 => "W.J. Duna" 2 => "L.J. Taloumis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540603009156" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "351" "paginaFinal" => "356" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15014414" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109797000430" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of the sear bond strength of 2 self-etch primer/adhesive sstems" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.E. Bishara" 1 => "C. Oonsombat" 2 => "R. Ajlouni" 3 => "J.F. Laffon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacail Orthop" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "348" "paginaFinal" => "350" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Orthodontic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> bond strength: Comparision with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> results" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Pickett" 1 => "P. Sadowsky" 2 => "A. Jacobson" 3 => "W. Lacefield" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1043/0003-3219(2001)071<0141:OIVBSC>2.0.CO;2" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "71" "paginaInicial" => "141" "paginaFinal" => "148" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11302591" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109700007324" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Direct bonding of orthodontic brackets" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Keizer" 1 => "J.M. Ten Cate" 2 => "J. Arends" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "318" "paginaFinal" => "327" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/766645" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Laboratory evaluation of a self-etching primer for orthodontic bonding" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Y.D. Aljubouri" 1 => "D.T. Millett" 2 => "W.H. Gilmour" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J orthod" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "411" "paginaFinal" => "415" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12938848" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Probability of failure of orthodontic brackets bonded with different ceenting agents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.A. Mitchell" 1 => "E. O’Hagan" 2 => "J.M. Walter" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dental Mater" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "317" "paginaFinal" => "322" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of time on bond strength in indirect bonding" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Klocke" 1 => "J. Shi" 2 => "F. Vaziri" 3 => "B. Kahl-Nieke" 4 => "U. Bismayer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074<0245:EOTOBS>2.0.CO;2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "74" "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "250" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15132452" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> comparison of the shear bond strength of a resin-reinforces glass ionomer cement and a composite adhesive for bonding orthodontic brackets" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H.Z. Movahhed" 1 => "B. Ogard" 2 => "M. Syverud" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/ejo/cji051" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Orthod" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "477" "paginaFinal" => "483" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16043469" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of self-etching primer on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets at different debond times" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. Turk" 1 => "S. Elekdag-Turk" 2 => "D. Isci" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2319/011606-22R.1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Orthod" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "77" "paginaInicial" => "108" "paginaFinal" => "112" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029534" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of bonding time and shear bond strength between a conventional and integrated bonding system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.E. Bishara" 1 => "C. Oonsombat" 2 => "M.M.A. Soliman" 3 => "J.J. Warren" 4 => "J.F. Laffoon" 5 => "R. Ajlouni" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle Ortod" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "75" "paginaInicial" => "237" "paginaFinal" => "242" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of self-etchanaplicationtimeon bracket shear bond strength" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.O. Wade" 1 => "S.E. Bishara" 2 => "J. Laffoon" 3 => "J.J. Warren" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angle. Ortod" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "77" "paginaInicial" => "885" "paginaFinal" => "889" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fuerza de retención al esmalte con adhesivos usados en ortodoncia, utilizando dos tipos de bases de brackets (estudio comparativo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "F.S. López" 1 => "C.J. Palma" 2 => "I.J. Guerrero" 3 => "L.M. Ballesteros" 4 => "P.H. Elorsa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Revista odontológica Mexicana" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "122" "paginaFinal" => "126" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bond strength comparison of 2 self-etching primers over a 3-month storage period" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B. Trites" 1 => "T.F. Foley" 2 => "D. Banting" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0889540604004470" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "126" "paginaInicial" => "709" "paginaFinal" => "716" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15592220" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack246552" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To Master Jorge Guerrero Ibarra, professor from the Dental Material Research Laboratory of the Division of Postgraduate Studies and Investigation of the Dental School of the National University of Mexico.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23959215/0000000100000001/v2_201610190108/S2395921516301192/v2_201610190108/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "48966" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original research" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23959215/0000000100000001/v2_201610190108/S2395921516301192/v2_201610190108/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2395921516301192?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2024 September | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2024 August | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2024 July | 15 | 3 | 18 |
| 2024 June | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2024 May | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2024 April | 27 | 7 | 34 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2024 February | 23 | 5 | 28 |
| 2024 January | 24 | 6 | 30 |
| 2023 December | 20 | 8 | 28 |
| 2023 November | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2023 October | 40 | 11 | 51 |
| 2023 September | 17 | 3 | 20 |
| 2023 August | 21 | 3 | 24 |
| 2023 July | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2023 June | 29 | 5 | 34 |
| 2023 May | 56 | 9 | 65 |
| 2023 April | 54 | 6 | 60 |
| 2023 March | 44 | 6 | 50 |
| 2023 February | 35 | 8 | 43 |
| 2023 January | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2022 December | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2022 November | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2022 October | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2022 September | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2022 August | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2022 July | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2022 June | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| 2022 May | 35 | 18 | 53 |
| 2022 April | 29 | 13 | 42 |
| 2022 March | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2022 February | 30 | 13 | 43 |
| 2022 January | 35 | 10 | 45 |
| 2021 December | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2021 November | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2021 October | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2021 September | 12 | 14 | 26 |
| 2021 August | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2021 July | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2021 June | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2021 May | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2021 April | 64 | 19 | 83 |
| 2021 March | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2021 February | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2021 January | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2020 December | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2020 November | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2020 October | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2020 September | 27 | 6 | 33 |
| 2020 August | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2020 July | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2020 June | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2020 May | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2020 April | 12 | 7 | 19 |
| 2020 March | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2020 February | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2020 January | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2019 December | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2019 November | 18 | 4 | 22 |
| 2019 October | 18 | 6 | 24 |
| 2019 September | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| 2019 August | 14 | 1 | 15 |
| 2019 July | 19 | 15 | 34 |
| 2019 June | 26 | 14 | 40 |
| 2019 May | 52 | 4 | 56 |
| 2019 April | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2019 March | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2019 February | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2019 January | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2018 December | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2018 November | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2018 October | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2018 September | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2018 August | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2018 July | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2018 June | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2018 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 March | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2018 February | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 January | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2017 December | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2017 November | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2017 October | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2017 September | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2017 August | 12 | 2 | 14 |
| 2017 July | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2017 June | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2017 May | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2017 April | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2017 March | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2017 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 December | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2016 November | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2016 October | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Show all