Non surgical periodontal treatment in patients with gingivitis and moderate periodontitis. Biochemical and microbiological response

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Biochemical and microbiological response" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e151" "paginaFinal" => "e160" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Susana Macín-Cabrera, Mariano Sanz-Alonso, Laura Castrillón-Rivera, Alejandro Palma-Ramos, Norma Noguez-Méndez, Carlos Quirino-Barreda, Alejandro Rubio-Martínez" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Susana" "apellidos" => "Macín-Cabrera" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "macinsu@prodigy.com.mx" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mariano" "apellidos" => "Sanz-Alonso" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "Castrillón-Rivera" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Palma-Ramos" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Norma" "apellidos" => "Noguez-Méndez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Quirino-Barreda" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Rubio-Martínez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Biological Systems Department, Immunology Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Biological Systems Department, Pharmacy Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Chemistry, Polymers Laboratory, Technological Institute of Queretaro, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico en pacientes con gingivitis y periodontitis moderada. Respuesta bioquímica y microbiológica" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2486 "Ancho" => 2585 "Tamanyo" => 276755 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean total bacterial count of UFC/mL on eight bacterial samples taken from 17 moderate chronic periodontitis subjects. Samples were obtained at initial and maintenance phase of the periodontal treatment. Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in moderate chronic periodontitis corresponded to P. intermedia and C. rectus during the maintenance phase." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "INTRODUCTIONWithin the scope of periodontal disease two entities are distinctive, and they possess clearly defined phenotypes: gingivitis (G) and periodontitis (P). These conditions can be clinically observed through chronic inflammatory processes, although in one case (periodontitis) this process evolves and destroys the periodontal attachment apparatus, and in the other case (gingivitis) the inflammatory process is maintained with no evolution towards destruction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–6</a> This inflammatory and immune response is determined by the presence of periodontal pathogens which are Gram negative anaerobic bacteria involved in the subgingival biofilm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,7–11</a> such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Ac), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Parvimonas micra (Pm), Campylobacter rectus (Cr) and Actinomyces ssp.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11–16</a> as well by biological modifying factors such as: systemic factors, genetic factors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085">17,18</a> and behavioral factors such as oral hygiene, smoking habits and stress.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> In periodontal attachment tissue, inflammatory response comes forth with great amounts of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and macrophages with phagocytosis and destructive functions in the sites of bacterial interaction with tissue surface, inciting the presence of inflammatory infiltrate, the activation of the immune system, complement cascade and the cytokine production system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">10,20,21</a> Most of the substances released by inflammatory and immune cells concentrate in an exudate, characteristic of inflammatory processes observed in G and moderate chronic periodontitis (MCP). This substance (fluid) is called crevicular gingival fluid (CGF). In this fluid it is possible to identify the following pro-inflammatory cytokines: 1-beta interleukin (IL-1β) as well as alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Both cytokines are mediators of the inflammatory process because they modulate the extracellular component of bone and connective tissue. In periodontal disease they show high CGF levels, therefore they can have diagnostic interest in G and MCG, since they can be associated to the active phase of these conditions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110">22–25</a>The aim of the present study was to contribute to the knowledge of microbial flora in this sample of Mexican population and assess links between microbial flora and immunological response in G and its progression to MCP. A prospective cohorts study was conducted to endeavor to find differential aspects with respect to etiological factors and host response. For this purpose quantification of IL-1β in the CGF was used as immunological marker and to examine the effect of NSPT at the pre-treatment, post-treatment and maintenance phases.MATERIAL AND METHODSPatient selection18 patients were selected with clinical and radiographic diagnoses of G (evidence of gingival inflammation, volume increase of the gums, redness and haemorrhage when probing, without loss of epithelial attachment) and 17 patients with MCP (loss of insertion in three or more sites in all quadrants, with pocket depth of 5-7mm in three or more sites, radiographic evidence of bone loss at a half of the root length in three or more sites of all quadrants, bleeding when probing in three or more sites of each quadrant). These patients attended the San Lorenzo and Tepepan Stomatological Clinics, attached to the Metropolitan Autonomous University, campus Xochimilco, in Mexico City. All patients granted informed consent, had not received previous periodontal treatment, and participated of their own volition in the study. Mean time between sampling was 12 months.Study outlineAfter an initial screening visit for recruitment, during the first eight weeks, baseline measurements were recorded and samples taken. Subsequently, hygiene instruction was undertaken and NSPT (scaling and root planing) (SRP) was performed. Patients were reassessed two months after the SRP procedure. On the following visit, post treatment clinical measurements were recorded, and microbiological and immunological samples were taken from the same sites. Patients were then reassessed six months later, this was considered the maintenance phase visit. At this point, clinical measurements were recorded and microbiological and immunological samples were taken from the same sites.Clinical measurements and samplingFour sites were selected in each G and MCP patient, whenever possible, one site was selected in each quadrant. The following tests were conducted and recorded: Quigley and Hein plaque index (PI) modified by Turkey. Löe and Silness gingival index (GI), probing of sulcus depth (PSD), probing of pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">26,27</a> Each tooth was PI determined, GI assessed; pocket depth and attachment loss were measured at each site using the f-6 pgf Hu-Friedy probe. After the clinical measurements were recorded, a supragingival plaque sample was obtained from each site using sterile curettes. Each tooth was isolated with sterile gauze and then air-dried. A sub-gingival plaque sample was obtained with two paper points, introduced for 10 seconds each, following the Mombelli technique.Each sample was immediately placed in a sterile Eppendorf tube containing reduced transport fluid (RTF) (Herrera GD, Stijine-van NA, Bosch TCJ, Dentokom MEC, Boersme H, Zeiler G, Winkelhoff AJ. [1998]). Microbiological Procedures with Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteriae. Working protocol, Microbiology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, UCM, Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a>And was processed within the two hours after recollection. Lastly, GCF was collected using paper strips, in place for 10seconds each.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110">22,29,30</a> Each sample was immediately placed in a sterile Eppendorf tube at -70° C until analyzed. The volume of the fluid was determined using a Periotron® 8000 and a previously constructed calibration curve.Microbiological sample processingA vortex-mixed sub-gingival plaque was dispersed for 30seconds. Dilution was performed from the initial sample. Four successive dilutions were carried out at the tenth part with phosphate buffering solution (PBS) at neutral pH. 0.1/ mL of the diluted sample was inoculated over the plaques containing agar-blood (non-selective) media; incubation was performed at 37° C. P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P micra, F. nucleatum, T. forsythia, C. rectus and Actinomyces sp. were grown on fastidious anaerobe agar, and harvested after seven days. A fifteen-day period was observed for slow growing species soy agar vancomycin bacitracin (TSBV) (selective media). Incubation was carried out at 37° C. A. actinomycetemcomitans was grown in 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere, and harvested after five days (Herrera GD, Stijine-van NA, Bosch TCJ, Dentokom MEC, Boersme H, Zeiler G, Winkelhoff AJ. [1998]). Microbiological Procedures with Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteriae. Working protocol, Microbiology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, UCM, Spain, UCM, Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> Colony morphology was carried out, as well as optical microscopy, Gram stain and BIG, APY, ZYM biochemical tests for bacterial identification were equally performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">30–32</a>Analysis of GCF samplesGCF samples were eluted into incubation buffer (PBS) at 7.4 pH on a rotary mixer. Paper strips were discarded. 50μL of GCF aliquot was used by IL-1β, analysis was measured using the enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) by according to the method recommended by the manufacturer. Quadratic regression was calculated to obtain formulae and graphs which translate capacitance units of digital readings of each paper strip, from the Periotron® 8000 measuring device to indicate μL volume. (Norma Oficial Mexicana-Ensayos Clínicos NOM-013-SSA2-1994 y el Comité de Bioética de la UAM Xochimilco.) The guides ethical to the cohort study was the Mexican Official Statement of Clinical Assay and the Bioethic Comite UAM Xochimilco.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATATo perform analysis for differences to be found among groups of the G group when compared to the MCP group for continuous variables, the t Student test was calculated. For categorical variables the Tukey-Kramer test was used with a p < 0.0001 between pretreatment, post-treatment and maintenance phase of each studied condition. To analyze differences among groups in independent G groups versus MCP, the Pearson test was applied with a p α 0.05 for all three phases.RESULTSVariable clinical responsesThe clinical parameters in the pre-treatment, post-treatment and maintenance phases, in the SRP in G and MCP is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tables I and II</a>. NSPT resulted in significant reduction in PSD in the G group and PPD in the MCP group with a p < 0.0001, difference found among the groups was p α 0.03 and CAL in MCP group p < 0.0001. The PI in G and MCP group with p < 0.0001 and inter-group comparison was p α 0.03. Gingival Index in group G and MCP with a p < 0.0001 with inter-group difference of p α 0.03.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Microbiological response variablesIn both groups it was observed that all assessed species presented a decrease in the total bacterial count (UFC/mL × 103). A statistically significant difference was observed between among treatment phases with a p < 0.0001, with inter-group difference of p α 0.02 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>and<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table III</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The behaviour of studied species Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), shows a bacterial count (UFC/mL × 103) greater in subjects in initial phase periodontitis Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Campylobacter rectus (Cr), presented a greater bacterial count in subjects with gingivitis at the same phase.Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Actinomyces sp. (A.sp) manifest a statistically significant reductions after treatment, in maintenance phase a lower bacterial count in MCP patients, Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) manifested a lower count in gingivitis patients, twelve months after treatment, during the maintenance phase.After NSPT gingivitis patients showed positive Porphyromonas gingivalis without manifestation of significant decrease and nevertheless revealing a 49% increase in the UFC, as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">figure 1 to 3</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Immunological variable responsesResults of CGF volume in microliters (μL) showed that it was more abundant in subjects with MCP when compared to G patients (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table IV</a>). Values obtained from the pre-treatment phase up to the maintenance phase revealed that CGF volumes experienced a statistically significant reduction with a p < 0.0001 in G and p < 0.0005 in MCP. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table IV</a> shows quantification of concentration in pictograms per microliter (pg/μL) of 1β interleukin where, a greater reduction can be seen between initial and maintenance phase in MCP patient group, with a p = 0.000 statistically meaningful. This situation did not occur in the G patient group who presented a p > 0.17. IL-1β total picogram quantification for each group of disease measured per treatment phase showed that G group patients showed p > 0.06 and MCP group patients p< 0.00 it was statistically significant only for the MCP group.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>DISCUSSIONResponse to treatmentIn the present study, disease of moderate chronic periodontitis (MCP) patients was controlled with non surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). There was an unequivocal relationship of NSPT treated cases with the reduction of all clinical parameters. Probing depth showed average reduction of 2.02mm. This is higher than what is normally reported in scientific literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">33,34</a> In average, the amount of gained attachment was higher to that presented in previous reports: amount gained was in average 0.9mm. In MCP cases, twelve months after treatment there was a decrease in the amount of periodontal pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and Actinomyces sp. This is in concordance with other reports.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">35,36</a> In this study, NSPT decreased IL-1β concentration in CGF this is in direct relationship with clinical parameters where GI of 1.8 ± 0.5 was reduced to 0.6 ± 0.3 (p < 0.0001). These facts are in agreement with research conducted by Engebretson,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> and Lein-Tuan.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a>Etiologic factorsIn the present study, differences found among sub-gingival biofilm samples of Mexican subjects with gingivitis (G) and moderate chronic periodontitis (MCP) confirm, in general terms, previous descriptions manifested in scientific literature. The periodontal pathogenic microbiota showed quantitative differences between both study groups. This is in concordance with studies conducted by Sanz,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> and specifically in Mexican population and this coincides with the frequency of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> This was not the case for the frequency of the other six studied species. The differing results may reflect the microbiological test used or differences in the groups of examined patients. Non surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) was effective for reduction of the eight periodontal pathogenic bacteria in MCP, with a statistically significant difference, which is associated to the reduction of clinical parameters when compared with studies conducted by Rawlinson,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a> Haffajee,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a> Mombelli.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a> This reduction was consolidated in the maintenance phase of individuals with MCP; and was due to the control of the subgingival bio-film. In the group of G individuals, after NSPT, P. gingivalis showed an increase in bacterial count in the maintenance phase when compared to the pre-treatment phase. This can be related to the poor response to treatment of patients with sites that were positive to these bacteria, as well as to the specific virulence factors of these periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Nevertheless, we did not find studies in agreement with our findings. Notwithstanding, there were studies where P. gingivalis induce inflammatory mediators in blood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">40</a> In MCP, NSPT was associated to the decrease of IL-1b levels, as well as reduction of P gingivalis, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces sp. at twelve months, in the maintenance phase. This is statistically significant when compared with studies conducted by Mogi.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a> In these studies, the prevalence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria is associated to the concentration of IL-1β, due to the fact that CGF volume was correlated to the distinctive process of periodontitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">42</a>Host factorsThis study shows that in the concentration of IL- 1β in GCF pg/μL as well as in total pg in G there is no statistically significant difference among NSPT phases when compared with MCP condition, where statistically significant differences among treatment phases were manifested. For the aforementioned reasons, this research supports the fact that periodontal pathogenic bacteria are ubiquitous in the oral cavity, and in many individual infections and diseases are limited or absent. We can infer that from this fact derives the importance of the host response as susceptibility potential determinant, as previously.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">43</a> It can equally be inferred that the balance or imbalance between bio-film and inflammatory process is the determinant factor for the severity of the lesion in MCP lesions. This is due to the fact that enzyme levels, antibodies, complement factors, interleukines, and other antibacterial factors contained in the CGF augment in quantity. This increase is an indication of the severity of periodontal-gingival inflammation. Its sulcus progressing to pocket depth is an unequivocal sign of these conditions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">44</a> It is also in concordance with clinical and experimental evidence which support the idea that MCP is not a conventional bacterial infection, it rather is an inflammatory condition triggered by the hosts immune response towards the poly-microbial infection of the associated bio-film.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">45</a> Our findings in this research show that quantity or concentration of IL- 1β in the CGF are useful markers for the association of severity and progression in gingivitis and periodontitis cases. This is in agreement with researchers such as Eley,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> Goutodi,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">46</a> Orozco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">47</a> Castrillón<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">25</a> since, determining CGF volume and proinflammatory cytokines is useful to predict and associate progressive attachment loss. This is the case of IL-1β, which is liberated by macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and gingival fibroblasts. This molecule is considered as involved with inflammatory processes, matrix destruction and scarring. To the aforementioned, we must add the fact that there is a strong relationship with bone resorption process, which in turn suggests destructive stages of the condition. We can therefore state that IL-1β is the main proinflammatory cytokine produced in the gums and associated with periodontitis.CONCLUSIONTo conclude, we beg to state that etiological factors showed that in a Mexican population sample the number of bacteria species in the initial phase was greater in MCP than in G cases. In G, there was a reduction in species proportion of P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans . In periodontitis cases there was a reduction of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, T. forsythia. This reduction is associated to the decrease of clinical parameters, as well as with IL-1β reduction of concentration and total pg. With respect to host factors, it was confirmed that CGF volume and levels of IL-β are sensitive markers for diagnosis and severity assessment of periodontal disease. This study showed that in NSPT response, maintenance phase is all important to consolidate clinical, microbiological and biochemical improvement of the treatment. It can be inferred that, the non surgical periodontal treatment had more impact in control periodontal disease in MCP." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610927" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624916" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610926" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624915" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "MATERIAL AND METHODS" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Patient selection" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Study outline" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Clinical measurements and sampling" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Microbiological sample processing" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Analysis of GCF samples" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "RESULTS" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Variable clinical responses" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Microbiological response variables" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Immunological variable responses" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Response to treatment" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Etiologic factors" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Host factors" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "CONCLUSION" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624916" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Non surgical periodontal treatment" 1 => "Mexican population" 2 => "gingivitis" 3 => "moderate periodontitis." ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624915" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico" 1 => "población mexicana" 2 => "gingivitis" 3 => "periodontitis crónica moderada." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo ascertain inflammatory response through interleukin 1β presence and identify pathogenic microorganisms as possible immunological and microbiological markers in diagnosis and treatment non-surgical periodontal in patients with gingivitis and moderate chronic periodontitis in a sample of Mexican population. Material and methodsIn the present prospective cohort study, 18 patients with signs of gingivitis and 17 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples of subgingival biofilm and of crevicular gingival fluid were collected. Interleukin 1β was quantified during the pre-treatment, post-treatment and maintenance phases of the non- surgical periodontal treatment. Continuous variables were analyzed with the Student test, as well as categorical variables which were analyzed with the Turkey-Kramer test. For independent groups the Pearson test was used. ResultsMicrobiological response variables showed that Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans significantly decreased in subjects with gingivitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Actinomyces ssp. decreased in cases. Biochemical response variables showed significant decrease in IL-1β concentration and total count in individuals with moderate chronic periodontitis in treatment maintenance phase. The same result applied to clinical response variables. ConclusionsThere is a decrease in Interleukine 1β levels with decrease in microflora. Interleukin 1β are sensitive markers for diagnosis of periodontal disease and assessment of its severity." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "ObjetivoConocer la respuesta inflamatoria a través de la presencia de interleucina 1β e identificar microorganismos patógenos como posibles marcadores inmunológicos y microbiológicos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico en sujetos con gingivitis y periodontitis crónica moderada en población mexicana. Material y métodosEn este estudio prospectivo de cohortes, se seleccionaron 18 pacientes con signos clínicos de gingivitis y 17 pacientes con periodontitis crónica moderada, se recolectaron las muestras de biopelícula subgingival y de fluido gingival crevicular. Se cuantificó la interleucina 1β durante las fases pretratamiento, postratamiento y de mantenimiento del tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico. ResultadosLas variables de respuesta microbiológica mostraron que Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans disminuyeron significativamente en individuos con gingivitis. Así como Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans y Actinomyces sp. en periodontitis crónica moderada. Las variables de respuesta bioquímica mostraron una disminución significativa en la concentración y cuenta total de interleucina 1β en los individuos con periodontitis crónica moderada en la fase de mantenimiento del tratamiento así como de las variables de respuesta clínica. ConclusiónHay reducción de los niveles de interleucina 1β con la disminución de la microflora. Los niveles de interleucina 1β son marcadores sensibles para el diagnóstico y severidad de la enfermedad periodontal." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "nomenclatura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "nom0005" "titulo" => "Abbreviations:" "listaDefinicion" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Units" "definicion" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Base 10 logarithm" "descripcion" => "log" ] 1 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Microliters" "descripcion" => "μL" ] 2 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Milliliters" "descripcion" => "mL" ] 3 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Pictograms" "descripcion" => "pg" ] 4 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Percentage" "descripcion" => "%" ] 5 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Revolutions per minute" "descripcion" => "rpm" ] 6 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Seconds" "descripcion" => "sec" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acronyms" "definicion" => array:34 [ 0 => array:2 [ "termino" => "APC" "descripcion" => "Antigen presenting cells." ] 1 => array:2 [ "termino" => "BANA" "descripcion" => "Nα-Benzol-DL-Arginineβ-Naphtilamide." ] 2 => array:2 [ "termino" => "BMPs" "descripcion" => "Bone morphogenic proteins." ] 3 => array:2 [ "termino" => "Ep" "descripcion" => "Gingival epitelial cells." ] 4 => array:2 [ "termino" => "CGF" "descripcion" => "Crevicular gingival fluid." ] 5 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IFNγ" "descripcion" => "Gamma interferon." ] 6 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL" "descripcion" => "Interleukin." ] 7 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL-1α" "descripcion" => "Interleukin 1 alpha." ] 8 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL-1β" "descripcion" => "Interleukin 1 beta." ] 9 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL-1AcP" "descripcion" => "Accessory protein of receptor to IL-1." ] 10 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL-Rα" "descripcion" => "Antagonist receptor." ] 11 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL-IRI" "descripcion" => "Type I receptor to IL-1." ] 12 => array:2 [ "termino" => "IL-RII" "descripcion" => "Type II receptor to interleukin 1." ] 13 => array:2 [ "termino" => "iNOS" "descripcion" => "Nitric oxide oxidase." ] 14 => array:2 [ "termino" => "LB" "descripcion" => "B lymphocyte." ] 15 => array:2 [ "termino" => "LT" "descripcion" => "T lymphocyte." ] 16 => array:2 [ "termino" => "LPS" "descripcion" => "Bacterial lipopolysaccharide." ] 17 => array:2 [ "termino" => "MCH" "descripcion" => "Main histocompatibility complex." ] 18 => array:2 [ "termino" => "MMPs" "descripcion" => "Matrix metalloproteinases." ] 19 => array:2 [ "termino" => "NK" "descripcion" => "Natural leukocytes of «natural killers»." ] 20 => array:2 [ "termino" => "PAMPs" "descripcion" => "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns." ] 21 => array:2 [ "termino" => "PGE2" "descripcion" => "Prostaglandin E2." ] 22 => array:2 [ "termino" => "PGI2" "descripcion" => "Prostaglandin I2." ] 23 => array:2 [ "termino" => "PMN" "descripcion" => "Polymorphonuclear leukocytes." ] 24 => array:2 [ "termino" => "RSP" "descripcion" => "Root scaling and planing." ] 25 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TCR" "descripcion" => "T cell receptors." ] 26 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TH0" "descripcion" => "Cooperative T lymphocyte." ] 27 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TH1" "descripcion" => "Cooperative T lymphocyte 1." ] 28 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TH2" "descripcion" => "Cooperative T lymphocyte 2." ] 29 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TIMPs" "descripcion" => "Inhibitor factors of matrix metalloproteinases." ] 30 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TNFα" "descripcion" => "Alpha tumoral necrosis factor." ] 31 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TNFβ" "descripcion" => "Beta tumoral necrosis factor." ] 32 => array:2 [ "termino" => "CFU" "descripcion" => "Colony forming units." ] 33 => array:2 [ "termino" => "VCAM" "descripcion" => "Vascular cell adhesive molecule." ] ] ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2414 "Ancho" => 2875 "Tamanyo" => 314390 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean total bacterial count of UFC/ mL of eight bacterial species in samples taken from 18 gingivitis patients and 17 moderate chronic periodontitis patients. Attention must be brought to the fact that the highest bacterial count in gingivitis was P. intermedia, C. rectus and Actinomyces sp. in periodontitis it was P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and F. nucleatum." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2712 "Ancho" => 2996 "Tamanyo" => 339321 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean total bacterial count of UFC/mL of eight bacterial species in samples taken from 18 gingivitis subjects. Samples were obtained at initial and maintenance phases of the periodontal treatment. Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in gingivitis corresponded to P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and Actinomyces sp. during the maintenance phase." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2486 "Ancho" => 2585 "Tamanyo" => 276755 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Mean total bacterial count of UFC/mL on eight bacterial samples taken from 17 moderate chronic periodontitis subjects. Samples were obtained at initial and maintenance phase of the periodontal treatment. Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in moderate chronic periodontitis corresponded to P. intermedia and C. rectus during the maintenance phase." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Clinical variables after non surgical periodontal treatment in G. For clinical variables the following were considered: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing sulcus depth (PSD) in the three phases of the non surgical treatment in subjects with gingivitis." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical parameter p < \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">55.7 (± 10.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.5 (± 15.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">13.7 (± 4.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.8 (± 0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.2 (± 0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.4 (± 0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.1 (± 0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.7 (± 0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.6 (± 0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0024 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000837.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical variables in gingivitis." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table II" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Clinical variables after non surgical periodontal treatment in MCP the following were considered as clinical variables: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) in the three phases of non surgical treatment in subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical parameter p < \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">63.4 (± 20.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">29.2(±19.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18.4 (± 9.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.8 (± 0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.1 (± 0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.6 (± 0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.6 (± 0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.6 (± 0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.5 (± 0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CAL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.6 (± 0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.7 (± 0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.7 (± 0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000835.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical variables in moderate chronic periodontitis." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table III" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Microbiological data consist on UFC/mL (× 103) expression for each species obtained during the three phases of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in 18 subjects with gingivitis and 17 subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis, P. gingivalis (Pg), P. intermedia (Pi), T. forsythia (Tf), F. nucleatum (Fn), Parvimonas micra (Pm), A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) y Actinomyces sp. (Ac. sp.)." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">G/MCP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p < \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">283.3 ± 266.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">611.0 ± 119.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">555.5 ± 175.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">664.7 ± 757.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">223.5 ± 420.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">141.1 ± 234.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pi \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">500.0 ± 104.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">111.1 ± 0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">222.2 ± 548.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">174.1 ± 262.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">447.0 ± 100.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">235.2 ± 0.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">111.1 ± 171.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0 ± 0.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">111.1 ± 471.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">705.8 ± 168.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">294.1 ± 985.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 ± 0.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fn \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">350.0 ± 297.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">150.0 ± 194.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100.6 ± 190.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">982.5 ± 642.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">194.1 ± 213.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">211.6 ± 161.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">183.3 ± 212.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">138.8 ± 232.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">216.6 ± 277.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">217.4 ± 283.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">223.2 ± 167.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">252.4 ± 267.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cr \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">555.5 ± 783.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">333.3 ± 766.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">722.2 ± 184.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">264.7 ± 492.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">105.9 ± 248.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">824.0 ± 255.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">183.3 ± 200.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">388.8 ± 103.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 ± 0.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">147.5 ± 200.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">764.7 ± 139.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">58.8 ± 24.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ac. sp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">444.4 ± 222.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">133.3 ± 244.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">600.0 ± 108.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">423.2 ± 347.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">647.0 ± 122.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">105.8 ± 210.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000838.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Microbiological data for each species." ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table IV" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Crevicular gingival fluid mean volume (CGF) comparison, (pg/μL) concentration and IL-1β total picograms in CGF samples of subjects with G and MCP during the three phases of non surgical procedure. pα = 0.05." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">G/MCP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p < \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.53 ± 0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.33 ± 0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.31 ± 0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.81 ± 0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.52 ± 0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.36 ± 0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Conc. IL-1β (pg/μL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.224 ± 0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.177 ± 0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.073 ± 0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">> 0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.256 ± 0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.212 ± 0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.084 ± 0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total picograms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.112 ± 0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.053 ± 0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.033 ± 0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">> 0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.247 ± 0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.180 ± 0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.034 ± 0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pα \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000836.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Crevicular gingival fluid and IL-1β concentration and total picograms." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:47 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new paradigm" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.C. 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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico en pacientes con gingivitis y periodontitis moderada. Respuesta bioquímica y microbiológica

Susana Macín-Cabreraa,b,

Corresponding author

macinsu@prodigy.com.mx

Corresponding author.

, Mariano Sanz-Alonsob, Laura Castrillón-Riverac, Alejandro Palma-Ramosc, Norma Noguez-Méndezd, Carlos Quirino-Barredad, Alejandro Rubio-Martíneze

a Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City

b School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid

c Biological Systems Department, Immunology Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City

d Biological Systems Department, Pharmacy Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City

e Department of Chemistry, Polymers Laboratory, Technological Institute of Queretaro, Mexico

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean total bacterial count of UFC&#47;mL on eight bacterial samples taken from 17 moderate chronic periodontitis subjects&#46; Samples were obtained at initial and maintenance phase of the periodontal treatment&#46; Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in moderate chronic periodontitis corresponded to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; intermedia</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C&#46; rectus</span> during the maintenance phase&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Within the scope of periodontal disease two entities are distinctive&#44; and they possess clearly defined phenotypes&#58; gingivitis &#40;G&#41; and periodontitis &#40;P&#41;&#46; These conditions can be clinically observed through chronic inflammatory processes&#44; although in one case &#40;periodontitis&#41; this process evolves and destroys the periodontal attachment apparatus&#44; and in the other case &#40;gingivitis&#41; the inflammatory process is maintained with no evolution towards destruction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a> This inflammatory and immune response is determined by the presence of periodontal pathogens which are Gram negative anaerobic bacteria involved in the subgingival biofilm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;7&#8211;11</span></a> such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</span> &#40;Ac&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tannerella forsythia</span> &#40;Tf&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prevotella intermedia</span> &#40;Pi&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fusobacterium nucleatum</span> &#40;Fn&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parvimonas micra</span> &#40;Pm&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Campylobacter rectus</span> &#40;Cr&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces ssp</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;16</span></a> as well by biological modifying factors such as&#58; systemic factors&#44; genetic factors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> and behavioral factors such as oral hygiene&#44; smoking habits and stress&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In periodontal attachment tissue&#44; inflammatory response comes forth with great amounts of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes &#40;PMNs&#41; and macrophages with phagocytosis and destructive functions in the sites of bacterial interaction with tissue surface&#44; inciting the presence of inflammatory infiltrate&#44; the activation of the immune system&#44; complement cascade and the cytokine production system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;20&#44;21</span></a> Most of the substances released by inflammatory and immune cells concentrate in an exudate&#44; characteristic of inflammatory processes observed in G and moderate chronic periodontitis &#40;MCP&#41;&#46; This substance &#40;fluid&#41; is called crevicular gingival fluid &#40;CGF&#41;&#46; In this fluid it is possible to identify the following pro-inflammatory cytokines&#58; 1-beta interleukin &#40;IL-1&#946;&#41; as well as alpha tumor necrosis factor &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41;&#46; Both cytokines are mediators of the inflammatory process because they modulate the extracellular component of bone and connective tissue&#46; In periodontal disease they show high CGF levels&#44; therefore they can have diagnostic interest in G and MCG&#44; since they can be associated to the active phase of these conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#8211;25</span></a></p><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present study was to contribute to the knowledge of microbial flora in this sample of Mexican population and assess links between microbial flora and immunological response in G and its progression to MCP&#46; A prospective cohorts study was conducted to endeavor to find differential aspects with respect to etiological factors and host response&#46; For this purpose quantification of IL-1&#946; in the CGF was used as immunological marker and to examine the effect of NSPT at the pre-treatment&#44; post-treatment and maintenance phases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">MATERIAL AND METHODS</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Patient selection</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">18 patients were selected with clinical and radiographic diagnoses of G &#40;evidence of gingival inflammation&#44; volume increase of the gums&#44; redness and haemorrhage when probing&#44; without loss of epithelial attachment&#41; and 17 patients with MCP &#40;loss of insertion in three or more sites in all quadrants&#44; with pocket depth of 5-7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in three or more sites&#44; radiographic evidence of bone loss at a half of the root length in three or more sites of all quadrants&#44; bleeding when probing in three or more sites of each quadrant&#41;&#46; These patients attended the San Lorenzo and Tepepan Stomatological Clinics&#44; attached to the Metropolitan Autonomous University&#44; campus Xochimilco&#44; in Mexico City&#46; All patients granted informed consent&#44; had not received previous periodontal treatment&#44; and participated of their own volition in the study&#46; Mean time between sampling was 12 months&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Study outline</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After an initial screening visit for recruitment&#44; during the first eight weeks&#44; baseline measurements were recorded and samples taken&#46; Subsequently&#44; hygiene instruction was undertaken and NSPT &#40;scaling and root planing&#41; &#40;SRP&#41; was performed&#46; Patients were reassessed two months after the SRP procedure&#46; On the following visit&#44; post treatment clinical measurements were recorded&#44; and microbiological and immunological samples were taken from the same sites&#46; Patients were then reassessed six months later&#44; this was considered the maintenance phase visit&#46; At this point&#44; clinical measurements were recorded and microbiological and immunological samples were taken from the same sites&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Clinical measurements and sampling</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Four sites were selected in each G and MCP patient&#44; whenever possible&#44; one site was selected in each quadrant&#46; The following tests were conducted and recorded&#58; Quigley and Hein plaque index &#40;PI&#41; modified by Turkey&#46; L&#246;e and Silness gingival index &#40;GI&#41;&#44; probing of sulcus depth &#40;PSD&#41;&#44; probing of pocket depth &#40;PPD&#41; and clinical attachment loss &#40;CAL&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a> Each tooth was PI determined&#44; GI assessed&#59; pocket depth and attachment loss were measured at each site using the f-6 pgf Hu-Friedy probe&#46; After the clinical measurements were recorded&#44; a supragingival plaque sample was obtained from each site using sterile curettes&#46; Each tooth was isolated with sterile gauze and then air-dried&#46; A sub-gingival plaque sample was obtained with two paper points&#44; introduced for 10 seconds each&#44; following the Mombelli technique&#46;</p><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each sample was immediately placed in a sterile Eppendorf tube containing reduced transport fluid &#40;RTF&#41; &#40;Herrera GD&#44; Stijine-van NA&#44; Bosch TCJ&#44; Dentokom MEC&#44; Boersme H&#44; Zeiler G&#44; Winkelhoff AJ&#46; &#91;1998&#93;&#41;&#46; Microbiological Procedures with Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteriae&#46; Working protocol&#44; Microbiology Laboratory&#44; School of Dentistry&#44; UCM&#44; Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">And was processed within the two hours after recollection&#46; Lastly&#44; GCF was collected using paper strips&#44; in place for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds each&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;29&#44;30</span></a> Each sample was immediately placed in a sterile Eppendorf tube at -70&#176; C until analyzed&#46; The volume of the fluid was determined using a Periotron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 8000 and a previously constructed calibration curve&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Microbiological sample processing</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A vortex-mixed sub-gingival plaque was dispersed for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds&#46; Dilution was performed from the initial sample&#46; Four successive dilutions were carried out at the tenth part with phosphate buffering solution &#40;PBS&#41; at neutral pH&#46; 0&#46;1&#47; mL of the diluted sample was inoculated over the plaques containing agar-blood &#40;non-selective&#41; media&#59; incubation was performed at 37&#176; C&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; intermedia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P micra</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; forsythia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C&#46; rectus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> were grown on fastidious anaerobe agar&#44; and harvested after seven days&#46; A fifteen-day period was observed for slow growing species soy agar vancomycin bacitracin &#40;TSBV&#41; &#40;selective media&#41;&#46; Incubation was carried out at 37&#176; C&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; actinomycetemcomitans</span> was grown in 5&#37; carbon dioxide atmosphere&#44; and harvested after five days &#40;Herrera GD&#44; Stijine-van NA&#44; Bosch TCJ&#44; Dentokom MEC&#44; Boersme H&#44; Zeiler G&#44; Winkelhoff AJ&#46; &#91;1998&#93;&#41;&#46; Microbiological Procedures with Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteriae&#46; Working protocol&#44; Microbiology Laboratory&#44; School of Dentistry&#44; UCM&#44; Spain&#44; UCM&#44; Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Colony morphology was carried out&#44; as well as optical microscopy&#44; Gram stain and BIG&#44; APY&#44; ZYM biochemical tests for bacterial identification were equally performed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#8211;32</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Analysis of GCF samples</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">GCF samples were eluted into incubation buffer &#40;PBS&#41; at 7&#46;4 pH on a rotary mixer&#46; Paper strips were discarded&#46; 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;L of GCF aliquot was used by IL-1&#946;&#44; analysis was measured using the enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; by according to the method recommended by the manufacturer&#46; Quadratic regression was calculated to obtain formulae and graphs which translate capacitance units of digital readings of each paper strip&#44; from the Periotron<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 8000 measuring device to indicate &#956;L volume&#46; &#40;Norma Oficial Mexicana-Ensayos Cl&#237;nicos NOM-013-SSA2-1994 y el Comit&#233; de Bio&#233;tica de la UAM Xochimilco&#46;&#41; The guides ethical to the cohort study was the Mexican Official Statement of Clinical Assay and the Bioethic Comite UAM Xochimilco&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To perform analysis for differences to be found among groups of the G group when compared to the MCP group for continuous variables&#44; the t Student test was calculated&#46; For categorical variables the Tukey-Kramer test was used with a p &#60; 0&#46;0001 between pretreatment&#44; post-treatment and maintenance phase of each studied condition&#46; To analyze differences among groups in independent G groups versus MCP&#44; the Pearson test was applied with a p &#945; 0&#46;05 for all three phases&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">RESULTS</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Variable clinical responses</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical parameters in the pre-treatment&#44; post-treatment and maintenance phases&#44; in the SRP in G and MCP is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tables I and II</span></a>&#46; NSPT resulted in significant reduction in PSD in the G group and PPD in the MCP group with a p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#44; difference found among the groups was p &#945; 0&#46;03 and CAL in MCP group p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#46; The PI in G and MCP group with p &#60; 0&#46;0001 and inter-group comparison was p &#945; 0&#46;03&#46; Gingival Index in group G and MCP with a p &#60; 0&#46;0001 with inter-group difference of p &#945; 0&#46;03&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Microbiological response variables</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In both groups it was observed that all assessed species presented a decrease in the total bacterial count &#40;UFC&#47;mL &#215; 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#46; A statistically significant difference was observed between among treatment phases with a p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#44; with inter-group difference of p &#945; 0&#46;02 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">and</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table III</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The behaviour of studied species <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</span> &#40;Pg&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tannerella forsythia</span> &#40;Tf&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fusobacterium nucleatum</span> &#40;Fn&#41;&#44; shows a bacterial count &#40;UFC&#47;mL &#215; 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41; greater in subjects in initial phase periodontitis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prevotella intermedia</span> &#40;Pi&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Campylobacter rectus</span> &#40;Cr&#41;&#44; presented a greater bacterial count in subjects with gingivitis at the same phase&#46;</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</span> &#40;Pg&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tannerella forsythia</span> &#40;Tf&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fusobacterium nucleatum</span> &#40;Fn&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</span> &#40;Aa&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> &#40;A&#46;sp&#41; manifest a statistically significant reductions after treatment&#44; in maintenance phase a lower bacterial count in MCP patients&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prevotella intermedia</span> &#40;Pi&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fusobacterium nucleatum</span> &#40;Fn&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</span> &#40;Aa&#41; manifested a lower count in gingivitis patients&#44; twelve months after treatment&#44; during the maintenance phase&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After NSPT gingivitis patients showed positive <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</span> without manifestation of significant decrease and nevertheless revealing a 49&#37; increase in the UFC&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">figure 1 to 3</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Immunological variable responses</span><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results of CGF volume in microliters &#40;&#956;L&#41; showed that it was more abundant in subjects with MCP when compared to G patients <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table IV</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&#46; Values obtained from the pre-treatment phase up to the maintenance phase revealed that CGF volumes experienced a statistically significant reduction with a p &#60; 0&#46;0001 in G and p &#60; 0&#46;0005 in MCP&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table IV</span></a> shows quantification of concentration in pictograms per microliter &#40;pg&#47;&#956;L&#41; of 1&#946; interleukin where&#44; a greater reduction can be seen between initial and maintenance phase in MCP patient group&#44; with a p &#61; 0&#46;000 statistically meaningful&#46; This situation did not occur in the G patient group who presented a p &#62; 0&#46;17&#46; IL-1&#946; total picogram quantification for each group of disease measured per treatment phase showed that G group patients showed p &#62; 0&#46;06 and MCP group patients p&#60; 0&#46;00 it was statistically significant only for the MCP group&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">DISCUSSION</span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Response to treatment</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; disease of moderate chronic periodontitis &#40;MCP&#41; patients was controlled with non surgical periodontal treatment &#40;NSPT&#41;&#46; There was an unequivocal relationship of NSPT treated cases with the reduction of all clinical parameters&#46; Probing depth showed average reduction of 2&#46;02<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; This is higher than what is normally reported in scientific literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a> In average&#44; the amount of gained attachment was higher to that presented in previous reports&#58; amount gained was in average 0&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; In MCP cases&#44; twelve months after treatment there was a decrease in the amount of periodontal pathogenic bacteria <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; forsythia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum&#44; A&#46; actinomycetemcomitans</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> This is in concordance with other reports&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a> In this study&#44; NSPT decreased IL-1&#946; concentration in CGF this is in direct relationship with clinical parameters where GI of 1&#46;8 &#177; 0&#46;5 was reduced to 0&#46;6 &#177; 0&#46;3 &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;0001&#41;&#46; These facts are in agreement with research conducted by Engebretson&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> and Lein-Tuan&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Etiologic factors</span><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; differences found among sub-gingival biofilm samples of Mexican subjects with gingivitis &#40;G&#41; and moderate chronic periodontitis &#40;MCP&#41; confirm&#44; in general terms&#44; previous descriptions manifested in scientific literature&#46; The periodontal pathogenic microbiota showed quantitative differences between both study groups&#46; This is in concordance with studies conducted by Sanz&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and specifically in Mexican population and this coincides with the frequency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> This was not the case for the frequency of the other six studied species&#46; The differing results may reflect the microbiological test used or differences in the groups of examined patients&#46; Non surgical periodontal treatment &#40;NSPT&#41; was effective for reduction of the eight periodontal pathogenic bacteria in MCP&#44; with a statistically significant difference&#44; which is associated to the reduction of clinical parameters when compared with studies conducted by Rawlinson&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Haffajee&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Mombelli&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> This reduction was consolidated in the maintenance phase of individuals with MCP&#59; and was due to the control of the subgingival bio-film&#46; In the group of G individuals&#44; after NSPT&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span> showed an increase in bacterial count in the maintenance phase when compared to the pre-treatment phase&#46; This can be related to the poor response to treatment of patients with sites that were positive to these bacteria&#44; as well as to the specific virulence factors of these periodontal pathogenic bacteria&#46; Nevertheless&#44; we did not find studies in agreement with our findings&#46; Notwithstanding&#44; there were studies where <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span> induce inflammatory mediators in blood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> In MCP&#44; NSPT was associated to the decrease of IL-1b levels&#44; as well as reduction of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; forsythia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; actinomycetemcomitans&#44; Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> at twelve months&#44; in the maintenance phase&#46; This is statistically significant when compared with studies conducted by Mogi&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> In these studies&#44; the prevalence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria is associated to the concentration of IL-1&#946;&#44; due to the fact that CGF volume was correlated to the distinctive process of periodontitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Host factors</span><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that in the concentration of IL- 1&#946; in GCF pg&#47;&#956;L as well as in total pg in G there is no statistically significant difference among NSPT phases when compared with MCP condition&#44; where statistically significant differences among treatment phases were manifested&#46; For the aforementioned reasons&#44; this research supports the fact that periodontal pathogenic bacteria are ubiquitous in the oral cavity&#44; and in many individual infections and diseases are limited or absent&#46; We can infer that from this fact derives the importance of the host response as susceptibility potential determinant&#44; as previously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> It can equally be inferred that the balance or imbalance between bio-film and inflammatory process is the determinant factor for the severity of the lesion in MCP lesions&#46; This is due to the fact that enzyme levels&#44; antibodies&#44; complement factors&#44; interleukines&#44; and other antibacterial factors contained in the CGF augment in quantity&#46; This increase is an indication of the severity of periodontal-gingival inflammation&#46; Its sulcus progressing to pocket depth is an unequivocal sign of these conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> It is also in concordance with clinical and experimental evidence which support the idea that MCP is not a conventional bacterial infection&#44; it rather is an inflammatory condition triggered by the hosts immune response towards the poly-microbial infection of the associated bio-film&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> Our findings in this research show that quantity or concentration of IL- 1&#946; in the CGF are useful markers for the association of severity and progression in gingivitis and periodontitis cases&#46; This is in agreement with researchers such as Eley&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Goutodi&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> Orozco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> Castrill&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> since&#44; determining CGF volume and proinflammatory cytokines is useful to predict and associate progressive attachment loss&#46; This is the case of IL-1&#946;&#44; which is liberated by macrophages&#44; polymorphonuclear leukocytes&#44; lymphocytes and gingival fibroblasts&#46; This molecule is considered as involved with inflammatory processes&#44; matrix destruction and scarring&#46; To the aforementioned&#44; we must add the fact that there is a strong relationship with bone resorption process&#44; which in turn suggests destructive stages of the condition&#46; We can therefore state that IL-1&#946; is the main proinflammatory cytokine produced in the gums and associated with periodontitis&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">CONCLUSION</span><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude&#44; we beg to state that etiological factors showed that in a Mexican population sample the number of bacteria species in the initial phase was greater in MCP than in G cases&#46; In G&#44; there was a reduction in species proportion of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; intermedia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; actinomycetemcomitans</span> &#46; In periodontitis cases there was a reduction of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; forsythia</span>&#46; This reduction is associated to the decrease of clinical parameters&#44; as well as with IL-1&#946; reduction of concentration and total pg&#46; With respect to host factors&#44; it was confirmed that CGF volume and levels of IL-&#946; are sensitive markers for diagnosis and severity assessment of periodontal disease&#46; This study showed that in NSPT response&#44; maintenance phase is all important to consolidate clinical&#44; microbiological and biochemical improvement of the treatment&#46; It can be inferred that&#44; the non surgical periodontal treatment had more impact in control periodontal disease in MCP&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION"
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          "titulo" => "MATERIAL AND METHODS"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Patient selection"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Study outline"
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              "titulo" => "Clinical measurements and sampling"
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              "titulo" => "Microbiological sample processing"
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              "titulo" => "Analysis of GCF samples"
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          "titulo" => "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA"
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          "titulo" => "RESULTS"
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              "titulo" => "Variable clinical responses"
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              "titulo" => "Microbiological response variables"
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              "titulo" => "Immunological variable responses"
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          "titulo" => "DISCUSSION"
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              "titulo" => "Response to treatment"
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              "titulo" => "Etiologic factors"
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              "titulo" => "Host factors"
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          "titulo" => "CONCLUSION"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Non surgical periodontal treatment"
            1 => "Mexican population"
            2 => "gingivitis"
            3 => "moderate periodontitis&#46;"
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        0 => array:4 [
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Tratamiento periodontal no quir&#250;rgico"
            1 => "poblaci&#243;n mexicana"
            2 => "gingivitis"
            3 => "periodontitis cr&#243;nica moderada&#46;"
          ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To ascertain inflammatory response through interleukin 1&#946; presence and identify pathogenic microorganisms as possible immunological and microbiological markers in diagnosis and treatment non-surgical periodontal in patients with gingivitis and moderate chronic periodontitis in a sample of Mexican population&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the present prospective cohort study&#44; 18 patients with signs of gingivitis and 17 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were selected&#46; Samples of subgingival biofilm and of crevicular gingival fluid were collected&#46; Interleukin 1&#946; was quantified during the pre-treatment&#44; post-treatment and maintenance phases of the non- surgical periodontal treatment&#46; Continuous variables were analyzed with the Student test&#44; as well as categorical variables which were analyzed with the Turkey-Kramer test&#46; For independent groups the Pearson test was used&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microbiological response variables showed that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevotella intermedia&#44; Fusobacterium nucleatum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</span> significantly decreased in subjects with gingivitis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tannerella forsythia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fusobacterium nucleatum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces ssp</span>&#46; decreased in cases&#46; Biochemical response variables showed significant decrease in IL-1&#946; concentration and total count in individuals with moderate chronic periodontitis in treatment maintenance phase&#46; The same result applied to clinical response variables&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is a decrease in Interleukine 1&#946; levels with decrease in microflora&#46; Interleukin 1&#946; are sensitive markers for diagnosis of periodontal disease and assessment of its severity&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Results"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "RESUMEN"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span>onocer la respuesta inflamatoria a trav&#233;s de la presencia de interleucina 1&#946; e identificar microorganismos pat&#243;genos como posibles marcadores inmunol&#243;gicos y microbiol&#243;gicos en el diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento periodontal no quir&#250;rgico en sujetos con gingivitis y periodontitis cr&#243;nica moderada en poblaci&#243;n mexicana&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio prospectivo de cohortes&#44; se seleccionaron 18 pacientes con signos cl&#237;nicos de gingivitis y 17 pacientes con periodontitis cr&#243;nica moderada&#44; se recolectaron las muestras de biopel&#237;cula subgingival y de fluido gingival crevicular&#46; Se cuantific&#243; la interleucina 1&#946; durante las fases pretratamiento&#44; postratamiento y de mantenimiento del tratamiento periodontal no quir&#250;rgico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las variables de respuesta microbiol&#243;gica mostraron que <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis&#44; Prevotella intermedia&#44; Fusobacterium nucleatum&#44; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</span> disminuyeron significativamente en individuos con gingivitis&#46; As&#237; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porphyromonas gingivalis&#44; Tannerella forsythia&#44; Fusobacterium nucleatum&#44; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans y Actinomyces sp</span>&#46; en periodontitis cr&#243;nica moderada&#46; Las variables de respuesta bioqu&#237;mica mostraron una disminuci&#243;n significativa en la concentraci&#243;n y cuenta total de interleucina 1&#946; en los individuos con periodontitis cr&#243;nica moderada en la fase de mantenimiento del tratamiento as&#237; como de las variables de respuesta cl&#237;nica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hay reducci&#243;n de los niveles de interleucina 1&#946; con la disminuci&#243;n de la microflora&#46; Los niveles de interleucina 1&#946; son marcadores sensibles para el diagn&#243;stico y severidad de la enfermedad periodontal&#46;</p></span>"
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        "identificador" => "nom0005"
        "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Abbreviations&#58;</span>"
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          0 => array:2 [
            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Units</span>"
            "definicion" => array:7 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Base 10 logarithm"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">log</p>"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Microliters"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#956;L</p>"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Milliliters"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">mL</p>"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Pictograms"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">pg</p>"
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              4 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Percentage"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#37;</p>"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Revolutions per minute"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">rpm</p>"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Seconds"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">sec</p>"
              ]
            ]
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            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Acronyms</span>"
            "definicion" => array:34 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "APC"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antigen presenting cells&#46;</p>"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "BANA"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#945;-Benzol-DL-Arginine&#946;-Naphtilamide&#46;</p>"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "BMPs"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bone morphogenic proteins&#46;</p>"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "Ep"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gingival epitelial cells&#46;</p>"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "CGF"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Crevicular gingival fluid&#46;</p>"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IFN&#947;"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gamma interferon&#46;</p>"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interleukin&#46;</p>"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL-1&#945;"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interleukin 1 alpha&#46;</p>"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL-1&#946;"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interleukin 1 beta&#46;</p>"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL-1AcP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accessory protein of receptor to IL-1&#46;</p>"
              ]
              10 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL-R&#945;"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antagonist receptor&#46;</p>"
              ]
              11 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL-IRI"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Type I receptor to IL-1&#46;</p>"
              ]
              12 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "IL-RII"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Type II receptor to interleukin 1&#46;</p>"
              ]
              13 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "iNOS"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nitric oxide oxidase&#46;</p>"
              ]
              14 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "LB"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">B lymphocyte&#46;</p>"
              ]
              15 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "LT"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T lymphocyte&#46;</p>"
              ]
              16 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "LPS"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bacterial lipopolysaccharide&#46;</p>"
              ]
              17 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "MCH"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Main histocompatibility complex&#46;</p>"
              ]
              18 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "MMPs"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Matrix metalloproteinases&#46;</p>"
              ]
              19 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "NK"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Natural leukocytes of &#171;natural killers&#187;&#46;</p>"
              ]
              20 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "PAMPs"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pathogen-associated molecular patterns&#46;</p>"
              ]
              21 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "PGE2"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prostaglandin E<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46;</p>"
              ]
              22 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "PGI2"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prostaglandin I<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46;</p>"
              ]
              23 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "PMN"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Polymorphonuclear leukocytes&#46;</p>"
              ]
              24 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "RSP"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Root scaling and planing&#46;</p>"
              ]
              25 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TCR"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T cell receptors&#46;</p>"
              ]
              26 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TH0"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cooperative T lymphocyte&#46;</p>"
              ]
              27 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TH1"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cooperative T lymphocyte 1&#46;</p>"
              ]
              28 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TH2"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cooperative T lymphocyte 2&#46;</p>"
              ]
              29 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TIMPs"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inhibitor factors of matrix metalloproteinases&#46;</p>"
              ]
              30 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TNF&#945;"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alpha tumoral necrosis factor&#46;</p>"
              ]
              31 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "TNF&#946;"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beta tumoral necrosis factor&#46;</p>"
              ]
              32 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "CFU"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Colony forming units&#46;</p>"
              ]
              33 => array:2 [
                "termino" => "VCAM"
                "descripcion" => "<p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Vascular cell adhesive molecule&#46;</p>"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean total bacterial count of UFC&#47; mL of eight bacterial species in samples taken from 18 gingivitis patients and 17 moderate chronic periodontitis patients&#46; Attention must be brought to the fact that the highest bacterial count in gingivitis was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; intermedia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C&#46; rectus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> in periodontitis it was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; forsythia</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span>&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean total bacterial count of UFC&#47;mL of eight bacterial species in samples taken from 18 gingivitis subjects&#46; Samples were obtained at initial and maintenance phases of the periodontal treatment&#46; Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in gingivitis corresponded to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C&#46; rectus</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> during the maintenance phase&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean total bacterial count of UFC&#47;mL on eight bacterial samples taken from 17 moderate chronic periodontitis subjects&#46; Samples were obtained at initial and maintenance phase of the periodontal treatment&#46; Attention must be brought to the fact that the higher bacterial count in moderate chronic periodontitis corresponded to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; intermedia</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C&#46; rectus</span> during the maintenance phase&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table I"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical variables after non surgical periodontal treatment in G&#46; For clinical variables the following were considered&#58; plaque index &#40;PI&#41;&#44; gingival index &#40;GI&#41;&#44; probing sulcus depth &#40;PSD&#41; in the three phases of the non surgical treatment in subjects with gingivitis&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical parameter p &#60;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&#46;7 &#40;&#177; 10&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&#46;5 &#40;&#177; 15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#46;7 &#40;&#177; 4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;2 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;4 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;1 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;6 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1000837.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical variables in gingivitis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table II"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical variables after non surgical periodontal treatment in MCP the following were considered as clinical variables&#58; plaque index &#40;PI&#41;&#44; gingival index &#40;GI&#41;&#44; probing pocket depth &#40;PPD&#41;&#44; clinical attachment level &#40;CAL&#41; in the three phases of non surgical treatment in subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical parameter p &#60;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#46;4 &#40;&#177; 20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;2&#40;&#177;19&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#46;4 &#40;&#177; 9&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;1 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;6 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PPD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;6 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;6 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;5 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CAL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;6 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7 &#40;&#177; 0&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical variables in moderate chronic periodontitis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table III"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microbiological data consist on UFC&#47;mL &#40;&#215; 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41; expression for each species obtained during the three phases of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in 18 subjects with gingivitis and 17 subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; gingivalis</span> &#40;Pg&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P&#46; intermedia</span> &#40;Pi&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; forsythia</span> &#40;Tf&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#46; nucleatum</span> &#40;Fn&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parvimonas micra</span> &#40;Pm&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; actinomycetemcomitans</span> &#40;Aa&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actinomyces sp&#46;</span> &#40;Ac&#46; sp&#46;&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">G&#47;MCP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p &#60;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">283&#46;3 &#177; 266&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">611&#46;0 &#177; 119&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">555&#46;5 &#177; 175&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">664&#46;7 &#177; 757&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">223&#46;5 &#177; 420&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">141&#46;1 &#177; 234&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pi&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#46;0 &#177; 104&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111&#46;1 &#177; 0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">222&#46;2 &#177; 548&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">174&#46;1 &#177; 262&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">447&#46;0 &#177; 100&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">235&#46;2 &#177; 0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tf&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111&#46;1 &#177; 171&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0 &#177; 0&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111&#46;1 &#177; 471&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">705&#46;8 &#177; 168&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">294&#46;1 &#177; 985&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00 &#177; 0&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fn&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">350&#46;0 &#177; 297&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&#46;0 &#177; 194&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&#46;6 &#177; 190&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">982&#46;5 &#177; 642&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">194&#46;1 &#177; 213&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">211&#46;6 &#177; 161&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">183&#46;3 &#177; 212&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138&#46;8 &#177; 232&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">216&#46;6 &#177; 277&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">217&#46;4 &#177; 283&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">223&#46;2 &#177; 167&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">252&#46;4 &#177; 267&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">555&#46;5 &#177; 783&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">333&#46;3 &#177; 766&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">722&#46;2 &#177; 184&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">264&#46;7 &#177; 492&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105&#46;9 &#177; 248&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">824&#46;0 &#177; 255&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">183&#46;3 &#177; 200&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">388&#46;8 &#177; 103&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00 &#177; 0&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">147&#46;5 &#177; 200&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">764&#46;7 &#177; 139&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#46;8 &#177; 24&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ac&#46; sp&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">444&#46;4 &#177; 222&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">133&#46;3 &#177; 244&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">600&#46;0 &#177; 108&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">423&#46;2 &#177; 347&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">647&#46;0 &#177; 122&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105&#46;8 &#177; 210&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1000838.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microbiological data for each species&#46;</p>"
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      6 => array:7 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table IV"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Crevicular gingival fluid mean volume &#40;CGF&#41; comparison&#44; &#40;pg&#47;&#956;L&#41; concentration and IL-1&#946; total picograms in CGF samples of subjects with G and MCP during the three phases of non surgical procedure&#46; p&#945; &#61; 0&#46;05&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">G&#47;MCP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maintenance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p &#60;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;53 &#177; 0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;33 &#177; 0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;31 &#177; 0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;81 &#177; 0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;52 &#177; 0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;36 &#177; 0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;0005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Conc&#46; IL-1&#946; &#40;pg&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;224 &#177; 0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;177 &#177; 0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;073 &#177; 0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;256 &#177; 0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;212 &#177; 0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;084 &#177; 0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">p&#945;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total picograms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;112 &#177; 0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;053 &#177; 0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;033 &#177; 0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;247 &#177; 0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;180 &#177; 0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information

ISSN: 1870199X
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rodmex.2016.02.020

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	4	1	5
2024 October	36	9	45
2024 September	47	6	53
2024 August	31	13	44
2024 July	18	5	23
2024 June	16	7	23
2024 May	16	6	22
2024 April	27	10	37
2024 March	61	17	78
2024 February	37	5	42
2024 January	39	13	52
2023 December	25	15	40
2023 November	49	8	57
2023 October	44	7	51
2023 September	41	2	43
2023 August	30	11	41
2023 July	24	8	32
2023 June	33	5	38
2023 May	48	4	52
2023 April	43	1	44
2023 March	31	1	32
2023 February	25	3	28
2023 January	17	6	23
2022 December	23	6	29
2022 November	45	12	57
2022 October	30	9	39
2022 September	43	13	56
2022 August	55	18	73
2022 July	31	9	40
2022 June	44	5	49
2022 May	45	4	49
2022 April	66	12	78
2022 March	151	12	163
2022 February	148	6	154
2022 January	91	7	98
2021 December	55	10	65
2021 November	56	12	68
2021 October	41	11	52
2021 September	23	18	41
2021 August	17	7	24
2021 July	18	5	23
2021 June	16	8	24
2021 May	28	8	36
2021 April	78	4	82
2021 March	23	6	29
2021 February	28	10	38
2021 January	23	14	37
2020 December	25	8	33
2020 November	38	15	53
2020 October	16	4	20
2020 September	18	7	25
2020 August	19	7	26
2020 July	11	4	15
2020 June	23	4	27
2020 May	24	3	27
2020 April	29	2	31
2020 March	32	5	37
2020 February	19	5	24
2020 January	27	4	31
2019 December	51	9	60
2019 November	28	4	32
2019 October	34	6	40
2019 September	24	7	31
2019 August	13	2	15
2019 July	24	6	30
2019 June	53	15	68
2019 May	111	39	150
2019 April	70	10	80
2019 March	14	4	18
2019 February	14	2	16
2019 January	11	3	14
2018 December	21	1	22
2018 November	17	3	20
2018 October	15	5	20
2018 September	24	4	28
2018 August	3	1	4
2018 July	7	2	9
2018 June	5	0	5
2018 May	5	1	6
2018 April	4	1	5
2018 March	2	0	2
2018 February	4	0	4
2018 January	2	0	2
2017 December	8	1	9
2017 November	7	1	8
2017 October	10	3	13
2017 September	3	4	7
2017 August	2	5	7
2017 July	3	2	5
2017 June	3	0	3
2017 May	3	1	4
2017 April	3	0	3
2017 March	9	43	52
2017 February	3	0	3
2017 January	7	1	8
2016 December	0	3	3
2016 October	4	3	7
2016 September	7	3	10
2016 August	5	1	6
2016 July	5	0	5

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