ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Physicochemical analysis of MTA Angelus® and Biodentine® conducted with X ray difraction, dispersive energy spectrometry, X ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope and infra red spectroscopy
Análisis fisicoquímico del MTA Angelus® y Biodentine® mediante difracción de rayos X, espectrometría de energía dispersiva, fluorescencia de rayos X, microscopio electrónico de barrido y espectroscopía de rayos infrarrojos
Alejandra Citlalli Rodríguez Rochaa,*, Genoveva Hernández Padrónb, Margarita V García Garduñoc, Raúl Luis García Arandad
a Graduate of Endodontics Specialty, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)
b Endodontics Specialty, Graduate and Research School, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)
c Dental Materials Laboratory, Graduate and Research School, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)
d Academic Technician, Nanotechnology Department, Center of Applied Physics and Advanced Technology, UNAM, Juriquilla Campus
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Microleakage-free obturation to enamel level can be observed.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Alejandra Jiménez Arribas, Adolfo Yamamoto Nagano" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandra Jiménez" "apellidos" => "Arribas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adolfo Yamamoto" "apellidos" => "Nagano" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1870199X16000409?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/1870199X/0000001900000003/v2_201602290913/S1870199X16000409/v2_201602290913/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL RESEARCH</span>" "titulo" => "Physicochemical analysis of MTA Angelus® and Biodentine® conducted with X ray difraction, dispersive energy spectrometry, X ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope and infra red spectroscopy" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "e170" "paginaFinal" => "e176" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Alejandra Citlalli Rodríguez Rocha, Genoveva Hernández Padrón, Margarita V García Garduño, Raúl Luis García Aranda" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alejandra Citlalli Rodríguez" "apellidos" => "Rocha" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Genoveva Hernández" "apellidos" => "Padrón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:4 [ "preGrado" => "PhD researcher" "nombre" => "Margarita V García" "apellidos" => "Garduño" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "PhD" "nombre" => "Raúl Luis García" "apellidos" => "Aranda" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rlga@unam.mx" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Graduate of Endodontics Specialty, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Endodontics Specialty, Graduate and Research School, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dental Materials Laboratory, Graduate and Research School, National School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico (UNAM)" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Academic Technician, Nanotechnology Department, Center of Applied Physics and Advanced Technology, UNAM, Juriquilla Campus" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Análisis fisicoquímico del MTA Angelus® y Biodentine® mediante difracción de rayos X, espectrometría de energía dispersiva, fluorescencia de rayos X, microscopio electrónico de barrido y espectroscopía de rayos infrarrojos</span>" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 583 "Ancho" => 2106 "Tamanyo" => 162327 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biodentine Scanning electron micrographs at magnifications of 500X, 1000X and 2000X where irregular and filiform shaped crystals can be observed.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dental materials have been evolving alongside dentistry due to technological advances, which have assisted these materials to possess better physical, chemical and biological properties.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Retro-filling materials are commonly used in endodontic surgical procedures. An ideal endodontic reparation material should be radioopaque, biocompatible, with anti-bacterial effect, dimensionally stable, easy to manipulate and not be contaminated or affected by blood. Other desirable characteristics for the selected material would include for it to be osteo-inductor, provide suitable sealing against bacteria and fluids as well as being able to avoid filtrations when placed in humid environment and possessing sufficient resistance to compression and hardness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many materials have been used to perform retrograde filling. Among them we can count amalgam, zinc oxide-eugenol, polycarboxylate cements, glass ionomer cements, composite resin, epoxy-resin, guttapercha and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) type cements based on Portland cement.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Main disadvantages of the aforementioned materials include micro-leakage, varied degrees of toxicity, as well as sensitivity to presence of humidity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Among these MTA has been recognized as a bioactive material,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> hard tissue conductor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> hard tissue inductor as well as biocompatible.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MTA is a material commonly used for retrograde filling procedures, apex formation and perforation repairs, nevertheless its handling is less than ideal due to its long setting time and difficulties in preserving mix consistency.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Calcium silicate cements, especially those derived from Portland cement, such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and others have been designed and are used in clinical dental applications.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Self-adjusting properties of calcium silicate cements are due to the progressive hydration reaction of orthosilicate ions (SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When calcium silicate particles react to water a hydrated calcium silicate nanoporous amorphous gel is formed (HCS gel) in the cement particles, while calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) (portlandite) forms nuclei and grows in available gaps and spaces of the pores. With time, HCS gel polymerizes and hardens, forming thus a solid net which is associated to greater mechanical resistance. HCS gel is soluble in Ca(OH)<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, released by the cement surface and increases alkalinity of surrounding environment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of the present study was to explore the components of MTA Angelus® White cement (Angelus, Lodrina, Paraná Brazil) and Biodentine<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span> (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des Fosses, France) by means of X-ray diffraction and electron dispersion spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, as well as observing the surface with scanning electron microscope and infra red spectroscopy.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">MATERIALS AND METHODS</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both cements used for the present project were divided into two groups:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 1 MTA Angelus® White (Angelus, Lodrina, Parana, Brazil).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 2: Biodentine<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span> (Septodent, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France).</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One gram of the powder provided by the manufacturer was used for XRD and XRF analyses. For DES, SEM and IRS analyses all products were mixed using powder and liquid provided by the manufacturer. Manufacturer's instructions were strictly followed. One 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm diameter x 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm thickness sample was manufactured for each group. Five points were randomly taken for the analysis.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">X ray diffraction analysis was conducted with a diffractometer Phillips Mod 1130/96 (generator) and pw1050/24 (goniometer) using CuKα at angular intervals ranging from 4° to 70°.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">X ray fluorescence analysis (XRF): An X ray fluorescence quantitative chemical analysis was conducted with a Siemens SRS 3000 spectrometer, gauged with Geochemical Reference materials. This analysis was conducted with the sample in dry base, and loss by calcination (LBC) was determined by calcinating 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g of the sample at 950<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C during one hour.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dispersive energy spectrometry (DES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM): Once hardened, the samples were placed on the sample holder with a carbon film to which they adhered. Observations were made with Scanning Electron Microscope (leol model 5900 LV, Tokio, Japan). Used magnifications were 500X, 1000X and 2000X.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the dispersive energy spectrometry analysis (DES) an elemental chemical analysis was conducted with an Oxford device, ISIS model, with 133<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>eV resolution, with carbon to uranium element detection. For the present study amplifi cations of 500X, 1000X and 2000X were used in all samples at four predetermined points.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infrared spectroscopy (IRS): Samples were analyzed with attenuated total refl ectance technique (ATR) in a Bruker Brand spectrometer, model Vector 33 with 32 scanning and resolution of 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span>. Samples to be analyzed were directly placed on the diamond crystal for analysis, since this technique did not require previous preparation.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">RESULTS</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">XRD results of MTA and Biodentine were the following:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In both cements presence of calcite and larnite was detected.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In MTA there was presence of bismite, vesuvianite, and bassanite. These materials were absent in Biodentine.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Biodentine there was presence of hatrurite and baddeleyite. These materials were absent in MTA.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In XRF analysis, the following were identified in both cements: SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, Al<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>0<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>, Fe<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>t, MgO, CaO, K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O, P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>, TiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>. MTA exhibited Cr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> and BiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, these materials were not detected in Biodentine. Biodentine exhibited Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O and ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>; which were absent in MTA Angelus (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table I</span></a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SEM analysis of samples revealed Biodentine structure with fibrillar and irregular shape, with crystal appearance (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 1</span></a>) whereas MTA samples exhibited irregular and porous structure, loose granules were observed and identified as Bismuth (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 2</span></a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DES results revealed presence of Bi in Group 1 (MTA Angelus). Bi wasn’t present in any other group. In Group 2 (Biodentine) CI presence was observed, which was absent in Group 1.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">C, O, Al, Si, Ca were regularly detected in both groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tables II and III</span></a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T Student test was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that points from where samples were taken were homogeneous, and there were statistically signifi cant differences in the percentages of the varied detected components in both cements with DES tests (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tables IV and V</span></a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results obtained from MTA sample (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 3</span></a>) revealed calcium carbonate characteristic groups in the absorption bands in 1410,869 and 660<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> in the C-O group. The band 952cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> corresponded to calcium chloride (CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 4</span></a> shows the Biodentine sample spectrum. It can be observed that bands at 3567 7 3426<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> correspond to groups N-H. The band at 2925<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> corresponds to methylene groups (CH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) The band at 1739<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> is assigned to C=O of a carboxylic acid, this is corroborated with bands at 1558 and 1419<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> with the group COO of carboxylic acids. The band at 1620 can correspond to an aromatic ring or a secondary amine. The aromatic ring can be corroborated in the region of 1410 to 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> and the amine group at the 795<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> band. The 1168<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> band corresponds to the CN group. Bands between 702 and 676<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">-1</span> correspond to monosubstituted groups (in the aromatic ring) C-CH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and C-H respectively.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">DISCUSSION</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hydroxyapatite as such and other materials which contain Ca exhibit excellent biocompatibility, which is expressed in minimal tissue toxicity and reaction to foreign body, osteoconductivity and osteogenicity (LeGeros, 1991).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The composition of Biodentine powder is tricalcium silicate, calcium carbonate and zirconium oxide (Koubi et al., 2011).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Calcium chloride is one of the most efficient accelerators for Portland cement hydration and confi guration (Camilleri et al., 2006).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Calcite (CaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>), which was observed in both cements, has two different functions: 1. as active agent involved in the hydration process and 2. as filling which improves the cement's mechanical properties. (Garrault et al., 2006).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hydration of tricalcium silicate (3CaO.SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) leads to the formation of a hydrated calcium, gel silicate hydroxide (gel CSH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) (Taylor 1997).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biodentine surface examined with SEM reveals crystals of varied sizes in the shape of hexagonal plates of Ca(OH) 2 (Taylor 1997)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> which differs from the present study which observed crystals of fi lament shape.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asgary<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> reported in his XRD analysis of white MTA the presence of CaO, SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>Al<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>, MgO, SO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> Cl, FeO, P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>, TiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>. In the present study, no Cl was found in MTA and contrary to Asgarty's reports presence of Cr2O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>, K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O was observed.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">White MTA is composed of a variety of oxides typically of SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, CaO and Al<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>. Among oxides, aluminum (Al), a neurotoxin, is harmful to human health due to its ability to alter cellular calcium homeostasis, and promote cellular oxidation (Zatta 2002).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gandolfi <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> reported that in his DES analysis of MTA he obtained the following elements: Ca, Si, Cl, Bi, and O. No Cl was found in the analysis we conducted, and C and Al were found in addition to results reported by Gandolfi.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Song<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> in an DES analysis of MTA reported presence of Ca, Si, C, O, Mg, Al, S and Bi. Our analysis differed from Song's inasmuch as S and Mg were not present.</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MTA has a proportion of 4:1 of bismuth, radioopacity oxide (Camilleri 2007<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>, Torabinejad 1995<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>) In the present study proportion of bismuth oxide was 16.5% as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Table I</span></a>.</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asgary S et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> reported in DES analysis the highest peaks of calcium, silica and bismuth contents. Nevertheless, aluminum, magnesium and especially iron peaks were significantly lower in white MTA, this could explain color differences. We concur with results obtained in our study.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">CONCLUSION</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chemical components of MTA Angelus and Biodentine are very similar, the exception would be in the chemical components which provide opacity, size and shape of grain, and in the case of Biodentine, calcium chloride.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610932" "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Results" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624921" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres610933" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624922" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "MATERIALS AND METHODS" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "RESULTS" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "DISCUSSION" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "CONCLUSION" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624921" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "MTA Angelus®" 1 => "Biodentine<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span>" 2 => "DES" 3 => "SEM" 4 => "XRD" 5 => "XRF" 6 => "IRS." ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec624922" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "MTA Angelus®" 1 => "Biodentine<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span>" 2 => "EDS" 3 => "MEB" 4 => "DRX" 5 => "FRX" 6 => "IR." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present study was to characterize components of commercial cements used in dentistry MTA Angelus® White (Angelus Lodrina, Parana Brazil) and Biodentine<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span> (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des Fosses, France). Techniques used for said characterization were Scanning Electron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, X Ray Fluorescence, Electron Dispersion Spectrometry, and Infrared Spectroscopy. Both cements were mixed according to manufacturer's instructions. A study of surface texture was conducted with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and X Ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), an analysis of Dispersive Energy Spectrometry (DES), as well as an Infra Red Spectroscopy (IRS) in order to determine functional groups.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Results</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In XRD analysis, a difference was found: Biodentine exhibited Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> O and ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>. These elements were absent in MTA. MTA presented Cr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> and BiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> which in turn were absent in Biodentine. EDS analysis revealed that differences were found in the radio-opacifying agent, and that Biodentine presented CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> differing in this from MTA. Statistical analysis conducted revealed statistically significant percentages in contents, even though components were found to be practically the same. SEM analysis revealed marked differences: MTA presented irregular and porous surface whereas Biodentine exhibited irregular and filament form.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is a great similarity in the chemical components of MTA Angelus and Biodentine, with the exception of chemical components providing radioopacity, the size and form of the grain, and, in Biodentine presence of calcium chloride.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Results" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar los componentes de los cementos comerciales para uso en odontología MTA Angelus® Blanco (Angelus, Lodrina, Paraná Brasil) y de Biodentine<span class="elsevierStyleSup">TM</span> (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des Fosses, Francia) mediante Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido, difracción de rayos X, fluorescencia de rayos X, espectrometría de dispersión de electrones y espectroscopia infrarroja. Los dos cementos se mezclaron según las indicaciones del fabricante. Se les practicó un estudio de textura de superficie mediante el microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB), un análisis de difracción de rayos X (DRX), un análisis de fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX), un análisis de espectrometría de energía dispersiva (EDS) y un análisis de espectroscopia infrarroja (IR), para determinar los grupos funcionales.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presentó una diferencia en el análisis XRD entre Biodentine presentó Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O y ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> mientras que están ausentes en el MTA. El MTA presentó Cr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span> y BiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ausentes en el Biodentine. En el análisis EDS las diferencias fueron en el agente radiopacador y que el Biodentine presentó Cl a diferencia del MTA y en el análisis estadístico realizado a pesar de que prácticamente se presentaron los mismos componentes los porcentajes en los contenidos de éstos fueron estadísticamente significativos. En el análisis de MEB hay una gran diferencia, el MTA presenta una superficie porosa e irregular, el Biodentine una forma fibrilar e irregular.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe una gran similitud en los componentes químicos entre el MTA Angelus y Biodentine con excepción de los componentes químicos para proporcionarles radioopacidad, el tamaño y la forma del grano y en el caso del Biodentine el cloruro de calcio.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 583 "Ancho" => 2106 "Tamanyo" => 162327 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biodentine Scanning electron micrographs at magnifications of 500X, 1000X and 2000X where irregular and filiform shaped crystals can be observed.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 557 "Ancho" => 2103 "Tamanyo" => 179101 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MTA Angelus scanning electron micrographs at magnifications of 500X, 1000X, and 2000X where irregular and porous structure can be observed. Bismuth can be observed in the shape of loose granules.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1461 "Ancho" => 1874 "Tamanyo" => 161529 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infra-red spectroscopy of MTA simple.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1527 "Ancho" => 1808 "Tamanyo" => 201015 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Infrared spectroscopy of Biodentine sample.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table I" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ND = Not detected; LBC = Loss by calcination.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Al<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fe<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>t % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MnO % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MgO % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CaO % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">K<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ZrO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LBC % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sum % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.247 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.062 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.072 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">64.839 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.434 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.036 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">99.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">MTA Angelus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000845.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentages and components found in Group 1 (MTA Angelus) and Group 2 (Biodentine) through ray diffraction procedures.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table II" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Element \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">13.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">39.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">39.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">40.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32.20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">31.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">30.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Al \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">-0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ca \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">42.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Si \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000843.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentages of elements found in the five samples of each cement.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table III" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Atomic</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Element \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MTA5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biode 5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">46.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">47.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">46.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Al \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">-0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ca \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Si \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bi \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ND \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000841.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentages of elements found in the five samples of each cement.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table IV" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Element \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cemento \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Average \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T Student \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Carbon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.499 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.898 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.8722 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oxygen \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">39.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.059 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">31.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.887 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aluminum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.346 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.1504 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.258 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.237 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Calcium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.596 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.473 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Silicon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.197 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">59.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000844.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis conducted with Student t-test.</p>" ] ] 8 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table V" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Element \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cemento \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Average \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">T Student \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Carbon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.798 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oxygen \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.408 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">47.146 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aluminum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.134 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14.329 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.226 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.2057 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Calcium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.4627 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">27.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.386 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Silicon \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.276 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.164 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Biodentine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.066 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.0676 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1000842.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis conducted with Student t-test.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Root-end fi lling materials alter fi broblast differentiation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2024 October | 38 | 11 | 49 |
| 2024 September | 55 | 6 | 61 |
| 2024 August | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2024 July | 46 | 8 | 54 |
| 2024 June | 46 | 10 | 56 |
| 2024 May | 40 | 6 | 46 |
| 2024 April | 36 | 15 | 51 |
| 2024 March | 41 | 5 | 46 |
| 2024 February | 55 | 4 | 59 |
| 2024 January | 72 | 7 | 79 |
| 2023 December | 83 | 17 | 100 |
| 2023 November | 145 | 20 | 165 |
| 2023 October | 86 | 25 | 111 |
| 2023 September | 83 | 33 | 116 |
| 2023 August | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2023 July | 37 | 3 | 40 |
| 2023 June | 48 | 10 | 58 |
| 2023 May | 61 | 10 | 71 |
| 2023 April | 58 | 6 | 64 |
| 2023 March | 77 | 11 | 88 |
| 2023 February | 61 | 11 | 72 |
| 2023 January | 48 | 4 | 52 |
| 2022 December | 55 | 9 | 64 |
| 2022 November | 44 | 12 | 56 |
| 2022 October | 38 | 13 | 51 |
| 2022 September | 49 | 8 | 57 |
| 2022 August | 53 | 9 | 62 |
| 2022 July | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2022 June | 39 | 15 | 54 |
| 2022 May | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| 2022 April | 39 | 10 | 49 |
| 2022 March | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2022 February | 40 | 15 | 55 |
| 2022 January | 31 | 26 | 57 |
| 2021 December | 34 | 26 | 60 |
| 2021 November | 42 | 25 | 67 |
| 2021 October | 32 | 22 | 54 |
| 2021 September | 28 | 27 | 55 |
| 2021 August | 31 | 15 | 46 |
| 2021 July | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2021 June | 19 | 6 | 25 |
| 2021 May | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2021 April | 59 | 18 | 77 |
| 2021 March | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2021 February | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2021 January | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2020 December | 28 | 3 | 31 |
| 2020 November | 24 | 9 | 33 |
| 2020 October | 16 | 3 | 19 |
| 2020 September | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2020 August | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| 2020 July | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2020 June | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2020 May | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2020 April | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2020 March | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2020 February | 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 2020 January | 30 | 11 | 41 |
| 2019 December | 17 | 25 | 42 |
| 2019 November | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2019 October | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2019 September | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2019 August | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 21 | 18 | 39 |
| 2019 June | 41 | 20 | 61 |
| 2019 May | 57 | 40 | 97 |
| 2019 April | 33 | 18 | 51 |
| 2019 March | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2019 February | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2019 January | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2018 December | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2018 November | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2018 October | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2018 September | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2018 August | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2018 July | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 June | 14 | 1 | 15 |
| 2018 May | 19 | 1 | 20 |
| 2018 April | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2018 March | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 January | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2017 December | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2017 November | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2017 October | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2017 September | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2017 August | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2017 July | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2017 June | 18 | 5 | 23 |
| 2017 May | 19 | 1 | 20 |
| 2017 April | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2017 March | 8 | 40 | 48 |
| 2017 February | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2017 January | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| 2016 December | 19 | 1 | 20 |
| 2016 November | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2016 October | 23 | 0 | 23 |
| 2016 September | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2016 August | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016 July | 6 | 0 | 6 |
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