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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Comparing the efficacy of long-acting pharmaceutical forms (depot) versus oral f...
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Vol. 2. Issue 1.
Pages 5-28 (January 2009)
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Vol. 2. Issue 1.
Pages 5-28 (January 2009)
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Comparing the efficacy of long-acting pharmaceutical forms (depot) versus oral forms of the atypical and conventional antipsychotics marketed in Spain for treating patients with schizophrenia
Comparación de la eficacia de las formas farmacéuticas de liberación retardada (depot) y las orales de los antipsicóticos típicos y atípicos comercializados en España para pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia
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Anna Fernández Sánchez, Alejandra Pinto-Meza, Josep Maria Haro
Corresponding author
jmharo@fsjd.org

Corresponding author.
Research and Development Unit, Sant Joan de Déu-Mental Health Services, Sant Joan de Déu Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Currently in Spain, 4 depot antipsychotics are available: flufenazine, pipotiazine, zuclopentixol and risperidone. The objectives of the present study are: a) to evaluate the efficacy of depot vs. oral forms of typical and atypical antipsychotics available in Spain for treating patients with schizophrenia; b) to compare the efficacy of different depot antipsychotics; c) to evaluate cost-effectiveness of typical and atypical depot and oral antipsychotics.

Methods

Systematic review of the literature between January 1980 and March 2007. Pharmaceutical companies of depot preparations were contacted aiming to include unpublished material.

Results

A total of 15 studies were included (13 journal manuscripts and 2 posters provided by the industry). Concordance between evaluators was moderate-high. The quality of selected studies was moderate-low. There were no differences in the efficacy between depot and oral risperidone. Efficacy of depot risperidone was higher than oral olanzapine (there were no differences regarding tolerability) and higher and better tolerated than oral zuclopentixol. The evidence was controversial when comparing the effi cacy of depot and oral flufenazine. There were no differences when comparing the efficacy between depot flufenazine and oral pimozide. Depot zuclopentixol was more effi cient than the oral preparation for treating patients with schizophrenia and violent behaviour. Finally, there were no differences regarding the effi cacy and tolerability between depot pipotiazine and depot flufenazine and between depot clopentixol and depot flufenazine.

Conclusions

There is few high-quality scientific evidence comparing depot and oral antipsychotics or different depot antipsychotics available in Spain. Selected evidence does not allow to conclude that depot antipsychotics are more effective and better tolerated than oral ones.

Keywords:
Oral antipsychotics
Schizophrenia
Systematic review
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Actualmente en España se comercializan 4 antipsicóticos depot: flufenazina, pipotiazina, zuclopentixol y risperidona. Los objetivos del presente estudio son: a) evaluar la efi cacia de las formas depot y las orales de los antipsicóticos típicos y atípicos comercializados en España en pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia; b) comparar la efi cacia de los diferentes antipsicóticos depot, y c) evaluar el costeefectividad de los antipsicóticos típicos y atípicos depot frente a los orales.

Métodos

Revisión sistemática de la evidencia entre enero de 1980 y marzo de 2007. También se contactó con las empresas farmacéuticas que comercializan las formas depot con el objetivo de incluir los trabajos aún no publicados.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 15 trabajos (13 artículos publicados y 2 póster facilitados por farmacéuticas). La concordancia entre evaluadores fue moderada-alta. La calidad de los trabajos fue moderada-baja. No hubo diferencias en la eficacia de la risperidona depot frente a la oral. La risperidona depot sería más eficaz que la olanzapina oral (pero no habría diferencias respecto de su tolerabilidad) y más efi caz y mejor tolerada que el zuclopentixol oral. La evidencia es contradictoria al comparar la eficacia de la flufenazina depot y la oral. No habría diferencias en la eficacia de flufenazina depot frente a pimozida oral. El zuclopentixol depot sería más efectivo que el oral en el tratamiento de los pacientes con esquizofrenia y conducta violenta. Finalmente, no se encuentran diferencias en la eficacia y la tolerabilidad de la pipotiazina depot y la flufenazina depot y entre clopentixol depot y flufenazina depot.

Conclusiones

Hay poca evidencia científica de calidad en que se comparen antipsicóticos depot y orales o diferentes antipsicóticos depot entre sí comercializados en España. La evidencia seleccionada no permite concluir que los antipsicóticos depot sean superiores a los orales en cuanto a eficacia y tolerabilidad.

Palabras clave:
Depot antipsychotics
Antipsicóticos depot
Antipsicóticos orales
Esquizofrenia
Revisión sistemática
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