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Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)
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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Burns and Mental Disorder
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Vol. 3. Issue 1.
Pages 19-22 (January - March 2010)
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Vol. 3. Issue 1.
Pages 19-22 (January - March 2010)
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Burns and Mental Disorder
Accidentes por quemadura y enfermedad mental
Visits
1999
I. Vera
Corresponding author
ignacioveralopez@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, E. Ferrando, I. Vidal, D. Gómez-Olmeda, J.C. González
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The study aimed to explore the prevalence of previous mental disorder and the incidence of adjustment and posttraumatic stress disorder in 60 patients with burn injuries admitted to a major burn unit in the greater Madrid area.

Methods

A total of 57 patients were assessed for serious past and present mental illness by using a semi-structured clinical interview. Current DSM-IV adjustment and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed 6 months post burn with the structured clinical interview SCID.

Results

60 patients were hospitalized for severe burns during the study period. 11 (17,9%) burns took place intentionally. 9 patients had tried to commit suicide. 33.5% of the participants had suffered any kind of mental disorder previously. 23 (52.3%) patients met criteria for adjustment disorder and 8 (18%) for posttraumatic stress disorder 6 months post burn.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the importance of routine screenings of psychological symptons in burned patients. It is also necessary to promote specific psychopharmacological measures and specific psychotherapeutic interventions in this population in order to improve their medical and psychiatric prognosis and their quality of life a long-term basis.

Keywords:
Burns
Mental disorders
Postraumatic stress disorder
Adjustment disorder
Resumen
Introducción

En España se producen unos 12.000 accidentes por quemaduras cada año. La Unidad de Grandes Quemados y el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe son de referencia nacional en el tratamiento de las quemaduras. En los últimos años, diversos autores han apuntado la estrecha relación entre enfermedades psiquiátricas y accidentes por quemadura. El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar la prevalencia de antecedentes psiquiátricos y la incidencia de trastorno adaptativo (TA) y trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) en pacientes ingresados por quemaduras en el HUG entre el 1-1-2008 y el 31-6-2008.

Métodos

Se evaluó a los pacientes al ingreso mediante entrevista clínica semiestructurada, para determinar presencia y tipo de antecedentes psiquiátricos y a los 6 meses para determinar si tenían o no TEPT y/o TA mediante la entrevista clínica estructurada SCID.

Resultados

Sesenta pacientes estuvieron ingresados por quemaduras en el período de estudio. El 17,9% de las quemaduras se produjeron de manera intencional (9 autoagresiones y 2 heteroagresiones). El 33,5% de los pacientes presentaban antecedentes psiquiátricos. El 52,3% de los pacientes cumplían criterios de TA y el 18% de TEPT a los 6 meses del accidente.

Conclusiones

Los resultados señalan la importancia de promover el cribado de los síntomas psicológicos de todo paciente que ingrese por quemaduras. Es necesario poner en marcha programas de apoyo psicoterapéutico y medidas de apoyo farmacológico adecuadas para cada paciente para poder mejorar la evolución médica y psiquiátrica y favorecer una adecuada integración familiar, laboral y social.

Palabras clave:
Quemaduras
Antecedentes psiquiátricos
Trastorno adaptativo
Trastorno por estrés postraumático
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Copyright © 2010. SEP y SEPB
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