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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Comorbidity of Pathological Gambling: clinical variables, personality and respon...
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Vol. 2. Issue 4.
Pages 178-189 (January 2009)
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Vol. 2. Issue 4.
Pages 178-189 (January 2009)
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Comorbidity of Pathological Gambling: clinical variables, personality and response to treatment
Comorbilidad del juego patológico: variables clínicas, personalidad y respuesta al tratamiento
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S. Jiménez-Murciaa,b,
Corresponding author
sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat

Corresponding author.
, R. Granero Pérezc, F. Fernández-Arandaa,b, E. Álvarez Moyab, M.N. Aymamía, M. Gómez-Peñaa, B. Buenoa, J.J. Santamaríaa, L. Moragasa, E. Peneloc, N. Jaurrietaa, M.P. Alonsoa,d, C. Segalàsa, E. Reala, J. Labada, F. Bovea, J. Vallejoa,d, J.M. Menchóna,d
a Psychiatry department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
b Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Ciber (CIBERObn), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
c Psychobiology Department and Health Sciences Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Mental Health Ciber (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Article information
Abstract
Introduction

Pathological gambling shows high comorbidity rates, especially with substance use disorders, although affective, anxiety and other impulse control disorders, as well as personality disorders, are also frequently associated.

Objectives

To explore comorbidity in pathological gambling with other mental disorders in a consecutive sample of patients attending a unit specialized in pathological gambling, and specifically the relationship between substance-related disorders, on the one hand, and personality and clinical variables in pathological gamblers, on the other.

Method

A total of 498 patients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of Pathological Gambling (11.8% women) were assessed with a semi-structured clinical interview and several clinical and personality scales.

Results

Higher comorbidity with affective disorders was found in women (30.5%), while higher comorbidity with substance-related disorders was found in men (11.2%). A positive association was also detected between a history of psychiatric disorders and current comorbidity with substance-use disorders, as well as between alcohol abuse and age. Finally, some personality traits such as low reward dependence (OR=0.964) and high impulsivity (OR=1.02) predicted other substance abuse (not alcohol). High selftranscendence scores predicted both alcohol and other substance abuse (OR=1.06).

Conclusions

Our results suggest a high prevalence of comorbid disorders in pathologic gambling, mainly with affective and substance-related disorders. The results of the present study, conducted in a broad sample of consecutively admitted pathologic gamblers, may contribute to understanding of this complex disorder and treatment improvement.

Keywords:
Pathological gambling
Comorbidity
Substance abuse
Psychopathology
Personality
Resumen
Introducción

El juego patológico es un trastorno que presenta elevadas tasas de comorbilidad, especialmente con los trastornos por abuso o dependencia de sustancias, aunque también con los trastornos del estado de ánimo, de ansiedad, otros trastornos del control de los impulsos, así como con trastornos de personalidad.

Objetivos

Analizar la comorbilidad del juego patológico con otros trastornos mentales en una muestra consecutiva de sujetos que consultaban en una unidad especializada de juego patológico, y específicamente la relación existente entre trastornos relacionados con sustancias con las variables de personalidad y clínica de los juegos patológicos.

Método

Se evaluó a 498 pacientes (el 88,2%, varones), diagnosticados de trastorno por juego patológico según DSM-IV-TR, mediante entrevista clínica semiestructurada y diversas escalas clínicas y de personalidad.

Resultados

Se obtuvo una mayor prevalencia de trastornos del estado de ánimo en las mujeres (30,5%), y de abuso y/o dependencia de sustancias, en los varones (11,2%). Asimismo, se encontró una asociación positiva entre antecedentes psiquiátricos y abuso de alcohol y otras sustancias, y entre abuso de alcohol y edad. Finalmente, determinados rasgos de personalidad, como la baja dependencia a la recompensa (odds ratio [OR]=0,964) y elevada impulsividad (OR=1,02), predecían el abuso y/o dependencia de tóxicos, mientras elevadas puntuaciones en autotrascendencia predecían tanto el abuso de alcohol como de otras sustancias (OR=1,06).

Conclusiones

Los resultados confirman que el juego patológico se presenta de forma comórbida con otros trastornos, especialmente del estado de ánimo y relacionados con sustancias. Los resultados de este estudio, realizado con una amplia muestra de sujetos diagnosticados de juego patológico, que solicitan tratamiento por su problema, pueden contribuir al conocimiento de esta compleja problemática y una mejora de su tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Juego patológico
Comorbilidad
Abuso de sustancias
Psicopatología
Personalidad
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