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Vol. 2. Issue 3.
Pages 119-127 (January 2009)
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Vol. 2. Issue 3.
Pages 119-127 (January 2009)
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Gender differences in major depressive disorder: somatic symptoms and quality of life
Diferencias de sexo en el trastorno depresivo mayor: síntomas somáticos y calidad de vida
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Dolores Saiz Gonzáleza,
Corresponding author
lolasaiz@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Mercedes Rodríguezb, Carmen Garcíac, Rita Prietocb, Jerónimo Saiz-Ruizb
a Psychiatry Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Cibersam, Madrid, Spain
b Psychiatry Department, amón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Cibersam, Madrid, Spain
c Medical Department, Wyeth, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Few findings in the literature have been as widely studied and consistently verified as the higher prevalence of depression among women. However, doubts remain on the distinguishing features of female depression. The available studies concur in the higher prevalence of somatizations among women and in the possibility that the impact of these symptoms on quality of life could be underestimated. In this study, all these aspects were analyzed in a sample of depressive patients.

Material and methods

We performed an epidemiologic, cross-sectional, non-intervention study. The final sample of 1164 patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-VI) (629 women and 535 men) was recruited in outpatient Mental Health Services in Spain. Assessments were performed using the Hamilton (HAM-D17), the Quality of Life for Depression Scale (QLDS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 15-Item Somatic Symptom Severity Scale (PHQ-15) to measure somatic symptoms. Differences were analyzed by Chi-square and ANOVA or Student's t-test, depending on the variable.

Results and conclusions

Somatic symptoms were significantly more prevalent among women. A positive correlation was found between somatic symptoms and worse quality of life. Clinical variables measured by the Hamilton scale showed significant differences in some items but no strong conclusions could be drawn. These results suggest gender differences in depression, which should be replicated in other samples. Other risk or clinical factors could also be included.

Keywords:
Major depression
Gender
Somatizations
Resumen
Introducción

Existen pocos hallazgos tan estudiados y comprobados en la literatura como la mayor prevalencia de la depresión en las mujeres. Sin embargo, todavía son muchas las dudas acerca de las características propias y diferenciales de la depresión en la mujer. Se sabe que hay mayor frecuencia de síntomas somáticos en este grupo, pero parece subestimado el impacto que estos síntomas tienen en la calidad de vida de las pacientes. Estos aspectos se han estudiado en una muestra de enfermos depresivos.

Material y métodos

Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal no intervencionista. La muestra final es representativa y consta de 1.164 pacientes (629 mujeres y 535 varones) con el diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo mayor (DSM-IV) reclutados en centros de salud mental de España. Se aplican las escalas de Hamilton (HAM-D17), de calidad de vida para la depresión (QLDS) y PHQ-15 para síntomas somáticos. Se analizan las diferencias mediante la prueba de la x2 y ANOVA o test de la t de Student según el caso.

Resultados y conclusiones

Hay diferencias significativas en los síntomas somáticos de la depresión entre varones y mujeres, más frecuentes en ellas. Se observa una correlación positiva entre estos síntomas y un empeoramiento de la calidad de vida. En cuanto a las diferencias clínicas medidas con la escala de Hamilton, sólo ciertos ítems son significativos, sin que se pueda extraer conclusiones. Estos datos indican diferencias en la depresión según el sexo que se debe replicar y estudiar en otras muestras. Sería interesante asimismo estudiar otros aspectos clínicos o factores de riesgo relacionados.

Palabras clave:
Depresión mayor
Sexo
Somatizaciones
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