metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Cost-effectiveness simulation analysis of schizophrenia at the Instituto Mexican...
Información de la revista
Vol. 2. Núm. 3.
Páginas 108-118 (enero 2009)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 2. Núm. 3.
Páginas 108-118 (enero 2009)
Acceso a texto completo
Cost-effectiveness simulation analysis of schizophrenia at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Assessment of typical and atypical antipsychotics
Análisis de simulación de coste-efectividad en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Evaluación de antipsicóticos típicos y atípicos
Visitas
1771
Joaquín Mould-Quevedoa, Iris Contreras-Hernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
, Wáscar Verduzcob, Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguréc, Juan Garduño-Espinosaa
a Health economy Research Unit, Mexican Instituto of National Insurance (IMSS), Mexico city, Mexico
b Psychiatric hospital, IMSS, Mexico city, Mexico
c Clinical epidemiology Research Unit, Medical Specialised Hospital, Paediatrics Hospital, Siglo XXI Mexican Medical Centre, IMSS, Mexico city, Mexico
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Abstract
Introduction

Estimation of the economic costs of schizophrenia is a fundamental tool for a better understanding of the magnitude of this health problem. The aim of this study was to estimate the costs and effectiveness of five antipsychotic treatments (ziprasidone, olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol and clozapine), which are included in the national formulary at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, through a simulation model.

Methods

Type of economic evaluation: complete economic evaluation of costeffectiveness. Study perspective: direct medical costs. Time horizon: 1 year. Effectiveness measure: number of months free of psychotic symptoms. Analysis: to estimate costeffectiveness, a Markov model was constructed and a Monte Carlo simulation was carried out.

Results

Effectiveness: the results of the Markov model showed that the antipsychotic with the highest number months free of psychotic symptoms was ziprasidone (mean 9.2 months). The median annual costs for patients using ziprasidone included in the hypothetical cohort was 194,766.6 Mexican pesos (MXP) (95% CI, 26,515.6-363,017.6 MXP), with an exchange rate of 1 €=17.36 MXP. The highest costs in the probabilistic analysis were estimated for clozapine treatment (260,236.9 MXP).

Conclusions

Through a probabilistic analysis, ziprasidone showed the lowest costs and the highest number of months free of psychotic symptoms and was also the most costeffective antipsychotic observed in acceptability curves and net monetary benefits.

Keywords:
Schizophrenia
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics
Typical psychotics
Resumen
Introducción

La estimación de los costes económicos de la esquizofrenia constituye un aspecto fundamental para el mejor conocimiento de la magnitud del problema de salud. En este sentido, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito estimar a través de un estudio de simulación los costes y las efectividades de cinco tratamientos antipsicóticos (ziprasidona, olanzapina, risperidona, haloperidol y clozapina) que se encuentran dentro del cuadro básico del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).

Métodos

Tipo de evaluación económica: completa del tipo de coste-efectividad. Perspectiva de la investigación: costes médicos directos. La temporalidad del estudio fue de 1 año. Medida de efectividad: número de meses libres de síntomas psicóticos. Análisis: para el análisis de coste-efectividad se diseñó un modelo de Markov y se hizo una simulación de Monte Carlo.

Resultados

Efectividades: los resultados del modelo de Markov mostraron que la ziprasidona fue el antipsicótico con la mayor media de tiempo libre de síntomas psicóticos (9,2 meses). La mediana de costes anuales entre los pacientes simulados a través de la cohorte hipotética con ziprasidona resultó en 194.766,6 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 26.515,6-363.017,6) pesos mexicanos (PMX) (tipo de cambio, 1 euro=17,36 PMX). Los mayores costes en el análisis probabilístico se presentaron con el tratamiento con clozapina (260.236,9 PMX).

Conclusiones

Dentro de un análisis probabilístico, ziprasidona mostró los menores costes y el mayor número de meses libres de síntomas psicóticos, así como ser el antipsicótico más coste-efectivo según lo observado dentro de las curvas de aceptabilidad y de beneficios monetarios netos.

Palabras clave:
Esquizofrenia
Análisis de coste-efectividad
Antipsicóticos
Antipsicóticos típicos
Antipsicóticos atípicos
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
C.M. Valencia.
Trastornos mentales y problemas de salud mental: Día mundial de la salud mental 2007.
Salud Mental, 30 (2007), pp. 75-80
[2.]
C.E. Benítez, L.E. Chávez, U.M. Ontiveros.
Crianza y esquizofrenia.
Salud Mental, 28 (2005), pp. 59-72
[3.]
S.V. Villamil, C.M. Valencia, M.L.R. Diaz, M. Medina, F. Juárez.
Funcionamiento psicosocial de pacientes esquizofrénicos de acuerdo con su consumo de alcohol.
Salud Mental, 28 (2005), pp. 40-48
[4.]
V.I. Carr, T. Lewin, A.L. Neil, S.A. Halpin, S. Holmes.
Premorbid, psychosocial and clinical predictors of the costs of schizophrenia and other psychoses.
Br J Psychiatry, 184 (2004), pp. 517-525
[5.]
J.M. Davis.
The choice of drugs for schizophrenia.
N Engl J Med, 354 (2006), pp. 518-520
[6.]
J.A. Lieberman, T.S. Stroup, J.P. Mcevoy, M.S. Swartz, R.A. Rosenheck, D.O. Perkins, et al.
Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
N Engl J Med, 353 (2005), pp. 1209-1223
[7.]
J.J. Mann.
The medical management of depression.
N Engl J Med, 353 (2005), pp. 1819-1834
[8.]
R. Freedman.
The choice of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia.
N Engl J Med, 353 (2005), pp. 1286-1288
[9.]
J.S. Hoch, C.S. Dewa.
Lessons from trial-based cost-effectiveness analyses of mental health interventions. Why uncertainty about the outcome, estimate and willingness to pay matters.
Pharmacoeconomics, 25 (2007), pp. 807-816
[10.]
C. Arango, M. Gómez-Beneyto, J. Brenlla, C. Gastó, F. Sarrameacrespo, L. Chamorro, et al.
A 6-month prospective, observational, naturalistic, uncontrolled study to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of oral ziprasidone in patients with schizophrenia.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 17 (2007), pp. 456-463
[11.]
M. Bernardo, J.R. Azanza, C. Rubio-Terrés, J. Rejas.
Costeffectiveness analysis of schizophrenia relapse prevention. An economic evaluation of the ZEUS (Ziprasidone-extended-useinschizophrenia) Study in Spain.
Clin Drug Invest, 26 (2006), pp. 447-457
[12.]
C.S. Palmer, E. Brunner, L.G. Ruiz-Flores, F. Paez-Agraz, D.A. Revicki.
A cost-effectiveness clinical decision analysis model for treatment of schizophrenia.
Arch Med Res, 33 (2002), pp. 572-580
[13.]
S.G. Pauker, J.P. Kassirer.
Medical progress-decision analysis.
N Engl J Med, 316 (1978), pp. 250-258
[14.]
J. Bobes, F. Cañas, J. Rejas, J. Mackell.
Economic consequences of the adverse reactions related with antipsychotics: an economic model comparing tolerability of ziprasidone, olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol in Spain.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 28 (2004), pp. 1287-1297
[15.]
M.F. Drummond, M.J. Sculpher, G.W. Torrance, B. O’Brien, G.L. Stoddart.
Economic evaluation using decision analytic modelling.
Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes, pp. 278-322
[16.]
T.S. Stroup, J.R. Geddes.
Randomized controlled trials for schizophrenia: study designs targeted to distinct goals.
Schizophr Bull, 34 (2008), pp. 266-274
[17.]
O. Muñoz-Hernández, J. Garduño-Espinosa, R. Pérez-Cuevas.
Higia y Panacea en la salud y la sociedad. Los sistemas de salud, un producto de la evolución social.
Rev Med IMSS, 43 (2005), pp. 411-417
[18.]
M.I. Meltzer.
Introduction of Health Economics for physicians. Health Economics Quintet.
[19.]
P. Byrne.
Managing the acute psychotic episode.
[20.]
J.M. Davis, N. Chen.
Dose response and dose equivalence of antipsychotics.
J Clin Psychopharmacol, 24 (2004), pp. 192-208
[21.]
S.V. Sorensen.
Technical appendix for “The health and economic benefits of treating schizophrenia model”. Technical Appendix prepared for Pfizer.
MEDTAP International, A2 (2003), pp. 1875
[22.]
J. Bobes, J. Rejas, M. García-García, F. Rico-Villademoros, M.P. García-Portilla, I. Fernández, et al.
Weight gain in schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiepine or haloperidol: results of the EIRE study.
Schizophr Res, 62 (2003), pp. 77-88
[23.]
P.L. Gilbert, M.J. Harris, L.A. Mcadams, D.V. Jeste.
Neuroleptic withdrawal in schizophrenic patients: a review of the literature.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52 (1995), pp. 173-187
[24.]
S.K. Hoge, P.S. Appelbaum, T. Lawlor, J.C. Beck, R. Litman, A. Greer, et al.
A prospective, multicentre study of patients’ refusal of antipsychotic medication.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47 (1990), pp. 949-956
[25.]
G.D. Tollefson, C.M. Beasley, P.V. Tran, J.S. Street, J.A. Krueger, R.N. Tamura, et al.
Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative.
Am J Psychiatry, 154 (1997), pp. 457-465
[26.]
P.V. Tran, M.A. Dellva, G.D. Tollefson, C.M. Beasley, J.H. Potvin, G.M. Kiesler.
Extrapyramidal symptoms and tolerability of olanzapine versus haloperidol in the acute treatment of schizophrenia.
J Clin Psychiatry, 58 (1997), pp. 205-211
[27.]
P.V. Tran, S.H. Hamilton, A.J. Kuntz, J.H. Potvin, S.W. Andersen, C.M. Beasley.
Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
J Clin Psychopharmacol, 17 (1997), pp. 407-418
[28.]
T. Van Putten, P.R. May, S.R. Marder, L.A. Wittmann.
Subjective response to antipsychotic drugs.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38 (1981), pp. 187-190
[29.]
P.J. Weiden, M. Olfson.
Cost of relapse in schizophrenia.
Schizophr Bull, 21 (1995), pp. 419-429
[30.]
M. Knapp, R. Mangalore.
The trouble with QALYs….
Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc, 16 (2007), pp. 289-293
[31.]
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Secretaria General. Aviso: Costes unitarios de la atención médica. Diario Oficial de la Federación. Martes 9 de marzo de 2004 — Primera Sección pp. 106-7 [citado Mar 2004]. Disponible en: http://dof.gob.mx/index.php
[32.]
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [citado Mar 2006]. Disponible en: www.imss.gob.mx
[33.]
C. Mccabe, S. Dixon.
Testing the validity of cost effectiveness models.
Pharmacoeconomics, 17 (2000), pp. 501-513
[34.]
P.P. Sendi, B.A. Craig, D. Pfluger, A. Gafni, H.C. Bucher.
Systematic validation of disease models for pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
J Eval Clin Pract, 5 (1999), pp. 283-295
[35.]
M.S. Swartz, T.S. Stroup, J.P. McEvoy, S.M. Davis, R.A. Rosenheck, R.S. Keefe, et al.
What CATIE found: results from the schizophrenia trial.
Psychiatr Serv, 59 (2008), pp. 500-506
[36.]
M. Obradovic, A. Mrhar, M. Kos.
Cost-effectiveness of antipsychotics for outpatients with chronic schophrenia.
Int J Clin Pract, 61 (2007), pp. 1979-1988
[37.]
Geitona M, Kousoulakou H, Ollandezos M, Athanasakis K, Papanicolaou S, Kyriopoulos I. Costs and effects of paliperidone extended release compared with alternative oral antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia in Greece: A cost effectiveness study. Annals of General Psychiatry [revista electrónica]. 2008; 7:16 [citado 1 Mar 2009]. Disponible en: http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/7/1/16
[38.]
N.C. Edwards, J. Pesa, D.M. Meletiche, L. Engelhart, A.K. Thompson, J. Sherr, et al.
One-year clinical and economic consequences of oral atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Curr Med Res Opin, 24 (2008), pp. 3341-3355
[39.]
P. Gutierrez-Recacha, D. Chisholm, J.M. Haro, L. Salvador-Carulla, J.L. Ayuso-Mateos.
Cost-effectiveness of different clinical interventions for reducing the burden of schizophrenia in Spain.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, (2006), pp. 29-38
[40.]
R.A. Rosenheck, D.L. Leslie, J. Sindelar, E.A. Miller, H. Lin, T.S. Stroup, et al.
Cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in a randomized trial of treatment for chronic schizophrenia.
Am J Psychiatry, 163 (2006), pp. 2080-2089
[41.]
P.B. Jones, T.R. Barnes, L. Davies, G. Dunn, H. Lloyd, K.P. Hayhurst, et al.
Randomized controlled trial of the effect on Quality of Life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUtLASS 1).
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63 (2006), pp. 1079-1087
[42.]
R.E. Mccue, R. Waheed, L. Urcuyo, G. Orendain, M.D. Joseph, R. Charles, et al.
Comparative effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics and haloperidol in acute schizophrenia.
Br J Psychiatry, 189 (2006), pp. 433-440
[43.]
D. Polsky, J.A. Doshi, M.S. Bauer, H.A. Glick.
Clinical trial-based cost-effectiveness analyses of antipsychotic use.
Am J Psychiatry, 163 (2006), pp. 2047-2056
[44.]
R.A. Rosenheck, D.L. Leslie, J.A. Doshi.
Second-generation antipsychotics: cost-effectiveness, policy options, and political decision making.
Psychiatr Serv, 59 (2008), pp. 515-520
[45.]
R. Tandon, H.A. Nasrallah.
Subjecting meta-analyses to closer scrutiny: Little support for differential efficacy among secondgeneration antipsychotics at equivalent doses.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63 (2006), pp. 935-937
[46.]
S. Leucht, K. Komossa, C. Rummel-Kluge, C. Corves, H. Hunger, F. Schmid, et al.
Meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Am J Psychiatry, 166 (2009), pp. 152-163
[47.]
J.M. Davis, S. Leucht, I.D. Glick.
CATIE findings revisited.
Psychiatr Serv, 60 (2009), pp. 125-126
[48.]
R. Freedman, W.T. Carpenter Jr., J.M. Davis, H.H. Goldman, C.A. Tamminga, M. Thomas.
The costs of drugs for schizophrenia.
Am J Psychiatry, 163 (2006), pp. 2029-2031
[49.]
S. Leucht, C. Corves, D. Arbter, R.R. Engel, C. Li, J.M. Davis.
Secondgeneration versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.
[50.]
J. Tiihonen, K. Walhbeck, J. Lönnqvist, T. Klaukka, J.P. Ioannidis, J. Volavka, et al.
Effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of patients in community care alter first hospitalisation due to schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: observational follow-up study.
[51.]
P.S. Wang, S. Schneeweiss, J. Avorn, M.A. Fischer, H. Mogun, D.H. Solomon, et al.
Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications.
N Engl J Med, 353 (2005), pp. 2335-2341
[52.]
L.A. Chwastiak, R.A. Rosenheck, J.P. McEvoy, T.S. Stroup, M.S. Swartz, S.M. Davis, et al.
The impact of obesity on health care costs among persons with schizophrenia.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 31 (2009), pp. 1-7
[53.]
T.S. Stroup, J.A. Lieberman, J.P. McEvoy, M.S. Swartz, S.M. Davis, R.A. Rosenheck, et al.
Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic.
Am J Psychiatry, 163 (2006), pp. 611-622
[54.]
G. Heinze, J.F. Cortés.
Treatment preferente and attiutde toward pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in Latin America. ULAD task force.
Salud Mental, 28 (2005), pp. 10-17
[55.]
Y. Agid, G. Buzsáki, D.M. Diamond, R. Frackowiak, J. Giedd, J.A. Girault, et al.
How can drug discovery for psychiatric disorders be improved?.
Nat Rev Drug Discov, 6 (2007), pp. 189-201
[56.]
G. Gründer, H. Hippius, A. Carlsson.
The ‘atypical’ of antipsychotics: a concept re-examined and re-defined.
Nat Rev Drug Discov, 8 (2009), pp. 197-202
Copyright © 2009. SEP y SEPB
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos