metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Somatosensory Amplification in Schizophrenia is Associated With Preserved Neurop...
Journal Information
Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 3-9 (January 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 3-9 (January 2008)
Full text access
Somatosensory Amplification in Schizophrenia is Associated With Preserved Neuropsychological Function
La amplificación somatosensorial en la esquizofrenia está relacionada con la preservación del rendimiento neuropsicológico
Visits
1347
Manuel Valdésa,b, Miguel Bernardoa,b,
Corresponding author
mbernardo@clinic.ub.es

Corresponding author.
, Nuria Segarraa, Gemma Parramóna, M. Teresa Planaa, Lorena Ramia, Manel Salameroa,b, Nuria Bargallóc
a Instituto Clínic de Neurociencias, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Barcelona, Spain
b Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicobiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Centro de Diagnóstico por la Imagen, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Background

Some alexithymia features are similar to negative symptoms of schizophrenia, while somatosensory amplification has been def ned as an abnormal perceptual style that could be related to hallucinations and positive schizophrenic symptoms. This study analyzed whether both psychological constructs are related to the type of clinical symptoms and to the neuropsychological assessment of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia were assessed psychologically (20 item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Somatosensory Amplification Scale), clinically, and neuropsychologically and were compared with a control group of healthy subjects (n=37).

Results

No differences were found in alexithymia or somatosensory amplification between patients and controls and there was no relationship between the 2 psychological variables and the type of psychotic symptoms in the patient group. However, among patients with schizophrenia, somatosensory amplification was related to significantly better neuropsychological performance than that found in alexithymic subjects and in patients in general.

Conclusions

Alexithymia was unrelated to negative symptoms and to the neuropsychological performance of patients with schizophrenia, and as a psychological construct seems to be separate from the disease. However, in patients with an amplif er style, neuropsychological performance was highly similar to that found in healthy controls, raising the possibility of studying somatosensory amplification as a psychological variable that is potentially related to the clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of patients with schizophrenia.

Key words:
Alexithymia
Somatosensory amplification
Neuropsychological assessment
Schizophrenia
Resumen
Antecedentes

Algunas características alexitímicas son parecidas a los síntomas negativos de la esquizofrenia, y la amplificación somatosensorial se ha defnido como un estilo perceptivo anormal que podría estar relacionado con las alucinaciones y los síntomas positivos de la esquizofrenia. Este estudio persigue aclarar si ambas construcciones psicológicas se relacionan con el tipo de síntomas clínicos y con el rendimiento neuropsicológico de los pacientes con esquizofrenia.

Métodos

Un grupo de 37 pacientes afectados de esquizofrenia se evaluó desde el punto de vista psicológico (20 ítems; Toronto Alexithymia Scale y Escala de Amplificación Somatosensorial), clínico y neuropsicológico, y se comparó con un grupo de control de sujetos sanos (n=37).

Resultados

No hubo diferencias entre pacientes y controles en las puntuaciones de alexitimia y de amplificación somatosensorial, tampoco se encontró relación entre ambas variables psicológicas y el tipo de síntomas psicóticos en el grupo de pacientes. Sin embargo, en los pacientes con esquizofrenia las puntuaciones en amplificación somatosensorial se relacionaron con un rendimiento neuropsicológico mucho mejor que el presentado por los sujetos alexitímicos y los pacientes en general.

Conclusiones

La alexitimia no se relacionó con los síntomas negativos ni con el rendimiento neuropsicológico de los pacientes con esquizofrenia y pareció ser una construcción psicológica ajena a la enfermedad. En cambio, los pacientes con estilo somatosensorial amplificador presentaron un rendimiento neuropsicológico muy similar al de los controles sanos, lo cual permite pensar en la posibilidad de que la amplificación somatosensorial sea una variable psicológica potencialmente relacionada con la evolución clínica y neuropsicológica de los pacientes con esquizofrenia.

Palabras clave:
Alexitimia
Amplificación somatosensorial
Evaluación neuropsicológica
Esquizofrenia
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
D.R. Weinberger.
Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44 (1987), pp. 660-669
[2.]
T.H. McGlashan, R.E. Hoffman.
Schizophrenia as a disorder of developmentally reduced synaptic connectivity.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57 (2000), pp. 637-648
[3.]
T.H. McGlashan, R.E. Hoffman.
Schizophrenia as a disorder of developmentally reduced synaptic connectivity.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57 (2000), pp. 637-648
[4.]
T.J. Crow, J. Ball, S.R. Bloom, R. Brown, C.J. Bruton, N. Colter, et al.
Schizophrenia as an anomaly of development of cerebral asymmetry. A postmortem study and a proposal concerning the genetic basis of the disease.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46 (1989), pp. 1145-1150
[5.]
R.M. Murray, S.W. Lewis.
Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 295 (1987), pp. 681-682
[6.]
T.H. McGlashan, R.E. Hoffman.
Schizophrenia as a disorder of developmentally reduced synaptic connectivity.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57 (2000), pp. 637-648
[7.]
P. Kinderman, R.P. Bentall.
Causal attributions in paranoia and depression: internal, personal, and situational attributions for negative events.
J Abnorm Psychol, 106 (1997), pp. 341-345
[8.]
N.J. Blackwood, R.J. Howard, D.H. Ffytche, A. Simmons, R.P. Bentall, R.M. Murray.
Imaging attentional and attributional bias: an fMRI approach to the paranoid delusion.
Psychol Med, 30 (2000), pp. 873-883
[9.]
C.D. Frith, R. Corcoran.
Exploring ‘theory of mind’ in people with schizophrenia.
Psychol Med, 26 (1996), pp. 521-530
[10.]
G.A. Doody, M. Gotz, E.C. Johnstone, C.D. Frith, D.G. Owens.
Theory of mind and psychoses.
Psychol Med, 28 (1998), pp. 397-405
[11.]
R.E. Hoffman.
New methods for studying hallucinated ‘voices’ in schizophrenia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 395 (1999), pp. 89-94
[12.]
A.P. Weiss, S. Heckers.
Neuroimaging of hallucinations: a review of the literature.
Psychiatry Res, 92 (1999), pp. 61-74
[13.]
M. Stephane, S. Barton, N.N. Boutros.
Auditory verbal hallucinations and dysfunction of the neuronal substrates of speech.
Schizophr Res, 50 (2001), pp. 61-78
[14.]
J.C.S.P.E. Nemiah.
Affect and fantasy in patients with psychosomatic disorders.
Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine, pp. 430-439
[15.]
J.K. Larsen, N. Brand, B. Bermond, R. Hijman.
Cognitive and emotional characteristics of alexithymia: a review of neurobiological studies.
J Psychosom Res, 54 (2003), pp. 533-541
[16.]
G.J. Taylor, R.M. Bagby, J.D.A. Parker.
Disorders of affect regulation: alexithymia in medical and psychiatric diseases.
Cambridge University Press, (1997),
[17.]
R.D. Lane, L. Sechrest, R. Riedel, D.E. Shapiro, A.W. Kaszniak.
Pervasive emotion recognition deficit common to alexithy mia and the repressive coping style.
Psychosom Med, 62 (2000), pp. 492-501
[18.]
J.K. Larsen, N. Brand, B. Bermond, R. Hijman.
Cognitive and emotional characteristics of alexithymia: a review of neurobiological studies.
J Psychosom Res, 54 (2003), pp. 533-541
[19.]
I. Nkam, S. Langlois-Thery, S. Dollfus, M. Petit.
Alexithymia in negative symptom and non-negative symptom schizophrenia.
Encephale, 23 (1997), pp. 358-363
[20.]
A. Cedro, A. Kokoszka, A. Popiel, W. Narkiewicz-Jodko.
Alexithymia in schizophrenia: an exploratory study.
Psychological Reports, 89 (2001), pp. 95-98
[21.]
A.J. Barsky, J.D. Goodson, R.S. Lane, P.D. Cleary.
The amplification of somatic symptoms.
Psychosom Med, 50 (1988), pp. 510-519
[22.]
A. Kosturek, R.J. Gregory, A.J. Sousou, P. Trief.
Alexithymia and somatic amplification in chronic pain.
Psychosomatics, 39 (1998), pp. 399-404
[23.]
I. Ak, K. Sayar, T. Yontem.
Alexithymia, somatosensory amplification and counter-dependency in patients with chronic pain.
Pain Clinic, 16 (2007), pp. 43-51
[24.]
A.J. Barsky, M.C. Barnett, P.D. Cleary.
Hypochondriasis and panic disorder. Boundary and overlap.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51 (1994), pp. 918-925
[25.]
M.P. Martinez, A. Belloch, C. Botella.
Somatosensory Amplification in hypochondriasis and panic disorder.
Clin Psychol Psychother, 6 (1999), pp. 46-53
[26.]
M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J.B.W. Williams.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinical Version.
Am Psychiat Press, (1997),
[27.]
American Psychiatric Association.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
4th, American Psychiatric Association, (2000),
[28.]
M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J.B.W. Williams.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinical Version.
Am Psychiat Press, (2007),
[29.]
J.E. Overall, D.R. Gorham.
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
Psychol Rev, 10 (2007), pp. 799-812
[30.]
S.R. Kay, A. Fiszbein, L.A. Opler.
The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Schizophr Bull, 13 (1987), pp. 261-276
[31.]
V. Peralta, M.J. Cuesta.
Psychometric properties of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Res, 53 (1994), pp. 31-40
[32.]
R.C. Oldfeld.
The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory.
Neuropsychologia, 9 (1971), pp. 97-113
[33.]
G.J. Taylor, D. Ryan, R.M. Bagby.
Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale.
Psychother Psychosom, 44 (1985), pp. 191-199
[34.]
G. Rodrigo, M. Lusiardo, L. Normey.
Alexithymia — Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
Psychother Psychosom, 51 (1989), pp. 162-168
[35.]
A.J. Barsky, G. Wyshak, G.L. Klerman.
The somatosensory amplifcation scale and its relationship to hypochondriasis.
J Psychiatr Res, 24 (1990), pp. 323-334
[36.]
M.P. Martinez, A. Belloch, C. Botella.
Somatosensory Amplification in hypochondriasis and panic disorder.
Clin Psychol Psychother, 6 (1999), pp. 46-53
[37.]
A. Rey.
L’Examen Clinique en Psychologie.
Press University, (2007),
[38.]
D. Wechsler.
Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos-WAIS III.
Spanish version, TEA Ediciones, (1999),
[39.]
D. Wechsler.
Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos-WAIS III.
Spanish version, TEA Ediciones, (2007),
[40.]
TMT.
Army Individual Test Batery. Manual of Directions and Scoring.
War Department, Adjuntant General's Office, (1944),
[41.]
R. Heaton, WCST.
A Manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
Psychological Assessment Resources, (1981),
[42.]
J.G. Borkowsk, A.L. Benton, O. Spreen.
Word Fluency and Brain Damage.
Neuropsychologia, 5 (1967), pp. 135
[43.]
C.G. Kooiman, P. Spinhoven, R.W. Trijsburg.
The assessment of alexithymia: a critical review of the literature and a psychometric study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20.
J Psychosom Res, 53 (2002), pp. 1083-1090
[44.]
G.J. Taylor, M. Bagby, O. Luminet.
Assessment of alexithymia: self-report and observer-rated measures.
The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence, pp. 301-319
[45.]
M. Valdes, I. Jodar, J. Ojuel, B. Sureda.
Alexithymia and verbal intelligence: a psychometric study.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 29 (2001), pp. 338-342
[46.]
A. Kosturek, R.J. Gregory, A.J. Sousou, P. Trief.
Alexithymia and somatic amplification in chronic pain.
Psychosomatics, 39 (1998), pp. 399-404
[47.]
I. Ak, K. Sayar, T. Yontem.
Alexithymia, somatosensory amplification and counter-dependency in patients with chronic pain.
Pain Clinic, 16 (2007), pp. 43-51
[48.]
B. Sureda, M. Valdes, T. Jodar, J. de Pablo.
Alexithymia, type A behaviour and bulimia nervosa.
European Eating Disorders Review, 7 (1999), pp. 286-292
[49.]
M.P. Jones, A. Schettler, K. Olden, M.D. Crowell.
Alexithymia and somatosensory amplification in functional dyspepsia.
Psychosomatics, 45 (2004), pp. 508-516
[50.]
C. Maggini, A. Raballo.
Alexithymia and schizophrenic psychopathology.
Acta Biomed, 75 (2004), pp. 40-49
[51.]
I. Nkam, A. Langlois-Thery, A. Popiel, W. Narkiewicz-Jodko.
Alexithymia in schizophrenia: an exploratory study.
Psychol Rep, 89 (2007), pp. 95-98
[52.]
O. Todarello, P. Porcelli, F. Grilletti, A. Bellomo.
Is alexithymia related to negative symptoms of schizophrenia? A preliminary longitudinal study.
Psychopathology, 38 (2005), pp. 310-314
[53.]
C. Maggini, A. Raballo.
Alexithymia and schizophrenic psychopathology.
Acta Biomed, 75 (2004), pp. 40-49
[54.]
O. Todarello, P. Porcelli, F. Grilletti, A. Bellomo.
Is alexithymia related to negative symptoms of schizophrenia? A preliminary longitudinal study.
Psychopathology, 38 (2005), pp. 310-314
[55.]
M.P. Martinez, A. Belloch, C. Botella.
Somatosensory Amplification in hypochondriasis and panic disorder.
Clin Psychol Psychother, 6 (1999), pp. 46-53
[56.]
T.N. Wise, L.S. Mann.
The relationship between somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, and neuroticism.
J Psychosom Res, 38 (1994), pp. 515-521
[57.]
I. Ak, K. Sayar, T. Yontem.
Alexithymia, somatosensory amplification and counter-dependency in patients with chronic pain.
Pain Clinic, 16 (2007), pp. 43-51
[58.]
K. Sayar, A.J. Barsky, H. Gulec.
Does somatosensory amplification decrease with antidepressant treatment?.
Psychosomatics, 46 (2005), pp. 340-344
[59.]
T.N. Wise, L.S. Mann.
The relationship between somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, and neuroticism.
J Psychosom Res, 38 (1994), pp. 515-521
[60.]
K.R. Aronson, L.F. Barrett, K.S. Quigley.
Feeling your body or feeling badly: evidence for the limited validity of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale as an index of somatic sensitivity.
J Psychosom Res, 51 (2001), pp. 387-394
[61.]
I. Ak, K. Sayar, T. Yontem.
Alexithymia, somatosensory amplification and counter-dependency in patients with chronic pain.
Pain Clinic, 16 (2004), pp. 43-51
[62.]
A. Kosturek, R.J. Gregory, A.J. Sousou, P. Trief.
Alexithymia and somatic amplifcation in chronic pain.
Psychosomatics, 39 (1998), pp. 399-404
[63.]
M.P. Jones, A. Schettler, K. Olden, M.D. Crowell.
Alexithymia and somatosensory amplification in functional dyspepsia.
Psychosomatics, 45 (2004), pp. 508-516
[64.]
T.N. Wise, L.S. Mann.
The relationship between somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, and neuroticism.
J Psychosom Res, 38 (1994), pp. 515-521
Copyright © 2008. SEP y SEPB
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos