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Resumen
Condroitín sulfato (CS) pertenece al grupo de los glucosaminoglicanos. CS es uno de los principales elementos constitutivos del cartílago, que se une a una proteína central y constituyen el llamado proteoglicano, que confiere al cartílago sus propiedades mecánicas y elásticas.
Dentro del ámbito terapéutico, CS es un fármaco de acción sintomática lenta (SYSADOA) para el tratamiento de la artrosis. Esta nueva clase terapéutica se caracteriza por presentar una eficacia sobre los síntomas similar a la de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) que empieza de forma gradual, pero se prolonga durante más tiempo, incluso después de la supresión del tratamiento.
Los resultados de todos los ensayos clínicos coinciden en concluir que CS es más eficaz que el placebo (aproximadamente el 50%; p < 0,05) en reducir el dolor espontáneo, aumentar la capacidad funcional, disminuir la ingesta de medicación de rescate y en la valoración global del paciente y el investigador.
Adicionalmente, CS presenta un mejor perfil de seguridad que la terapia clásica utilizada, con la consiguiente reducción del consumo de gastroprotectores. Además, el hecho de no ser metabolizado por enzimas del citocromo P450 hace que no presente interacciones con otros medicamentos en este ámbito.
Por otra parte, se han presentado datos de 5 ensayos clínicos en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla y dedos, en los que se concluye que CS parece retrasar la progresión de la lesion articular, por lo que se podría calificar como posible fármaco modificador del curso de la enfermedad artrósica.
Por todo lo anterior, se puede afirmar que el CS es una herramienta eficaz para el abordaje terapéutico de la artrosis.
Palabras clave:
Condroitín sulfato
Artrosis
SYSADOA
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) belongs to the group of glycosaminoglycans. CS is an important and major component of articular cartilage, where it binds to a core protein, forming proteoglycans, responsible for cartilage mechanic and elastic properties.
Within the therapeutic framework, CS is a symptomatic slow acting drug for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA). This new therapeutic class is characterised by presenting an efficacy on symptoms similar to that of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which starts gradually but lasts longer even after treatment suppression.
The results from all clinical trials conclude that CS is more effective than placebo (approximately 50%, p < 0.05) in reducing joint pain and rescue medication, increasing functional capacity and in patient and physician assessment.
Additionally, CS presents a better safety profile than conventional therapy, with a consequent reduction in gastroprotection therapies. Besides, given that it is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, it can not present drug interactions at this level.
On the other hand, data from 5 clinical trials in patients with hand and knee osteoarthritis conclude that CS seems to slow down the progression of cartilage degradation. Thus, itcould account as a potential disease modifying osteoarthritis drug.
To conclude, we can state that CS is an effective tool for osteoarthritis treatment.
Key words:
Chondroitin sulfate
Osteoarthritis
SYSADOA
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