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Social media adoption by exporters: The export-dependence moderating role
Adopción de los medios sociales por parte de los exportadores: papel moderador de la dependencia de la exportación
M.C. Alarcón-del-Amo, A. Rialp, J. Rialp
Corresponding author
josep.rialp@uab.cat

Corresponding author at: Departamento de Empresa, Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, Edificio B, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Departamento de Empresa, Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, Edificio B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While social media have become a primary customer information source about products and&#47;or services for many of their users&#44; they are outside the traditional marketing communication domain and&#44; therefore&#44; beyond the full control of marketers&#46; Thus&#44; there is evidence that customer-generated content plays an increasingly important role in the consumer&#39;s decision-making process &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Constantinides&#44; Lorenzo&#44; &#38; G&#243;mez&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46; Likewise&#44; some recent studies have already investigated the way social-media technology usage is currently contributing to improve customer-relationship management &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">Trainor&#44; Andzulis&#44; Rapp&#44; &#38; Agnihotri&#44; 2014</a>&#41; and organizational performance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Carmichael&#44; Palacios-Marques&#44; &#38; Gil-Pechuan&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; As a result&#44; online marketing management is claiming an increasing portion of marketers&#8217; attention and corporate budgets&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many authors agree that information technology &#40;IT&#41;&#44; and mostly the Internet&#44; have become one of the most important tools for conducting international business and marketing activities &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">Sinkovics&#44; Sinkovics&#44; &#38; Jean&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; In particular&#44; IT-based capabilities have been found to be especially crucial in promoting the emergence of international new ventures and&#47;or facilitating small and medium-sized enterprise &#40;SME&#41; internationalization &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">Loane&#44; 2006&#59; Mathews &#38; Healym&#44; 2007&#59; Pezderka&#44; Sinkovics&#44; &#38; Jean&#44; 2012&#59; Zhang&#44; Sarker&#44; &#38; Sarker&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; many companies currently rely on ITs and the Internet for improving international supply-chain co-ordination&#44; relationship learning&#44; customer-service management&#44; and firm performance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">Trainor et al&#46;&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Social media &#40;tools that enable online exchange of information through conversation and interaction&#41; is emerging as an important technology for business strategy&#46; Unlike traditional IT&#44; social media manage the content of the conversation or interaction as an information artifact in the online environment &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">Yates &#38; Paquette&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; Some authors also highlight their potential influence on international business and export marketing strategies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">Berthon&#44; Pitt&#44; Plangger&#44; &#38; Shapiro&#44; 2012&#59; Okazaki &#38; Taylor&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#44; as these applications may help break down barriers of time and distance between the supply and demand sides &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Constantinides et al&#46;&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; attending the benefits of social media to break down barriers of time and distance&#44; we assume that social media could assist exporting firms by reducing market lag through real-time and synchronous exchange of knowledge&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Social media mainly differences from other kind of technologies in the fact that these medias employ mobile and web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms via which individuals and communities share&#44; co-create&#44; discuss&#44; and modify user-generated content &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Gagliardi&#44; 2013&#59; Kietzmann&#44; Hermkens&#44; McCarthy&#44; &#38; Silvestre&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; social media have introduced new customer-centric tools that enable customers to interact with others in their social networks and with businesses that become network member &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Kietzmann et al&#46;&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; These technologies have the potential to provide greater access to customer information either directly through firm-customer interactions or indirectly through customer-customer interactions&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; in spite of the great potential of social media&#44; especially for export-oriented companies&#44; to-date very limited academic attention has been paid to examining the relationship between managers&#8217; beliefs about social media and its adoption among exporting firms&#46; This study aims at filling part of this research gap by answering two research questions&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RQ1&#58; What is the relationship between managerial beliefs regarding social media and the subsequent adoption of these tools by exporting companies&#63; and</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RQ2&#58; Does the export dependence&#44; measured by export intensity&#44; moderate this relationship&#63;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To answer these questions&#44; the current research examines the effect of social media expected capabilities and managerial usage behavior through incorporating the Resource-Based View &#40;RBV&#41; framework and two main constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action &#40;TRA&#41; &#40;attitude and behavior&#41;&#46; The RBV can be applied to investigate how a firm&#39;s powerful resource base enables companies obtain advantages&#46; Specifically&#44; related with our topic&#44; many researchers have studied how technological resources and information technology &#40;IT&#41; capability can serve as a source of sustainable competitive advantage for export companies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">Filipescu&#44; Prashantham&#44; Rialp&#44; &#38; Rialp&#44; 2013&#59; Pla-Barber &#38; Alegre&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46; In this sense&#44; several researchers set out that a company&#39;s success in foreign markets depends heavily on its capacity to adapt to new developments such as ITs and Internet-related capabilities &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">Loane&#44; 2006&#59; Sinkovics et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; In our research&#44; we will focus on studying the development of these capabilities through the use of a specific technology&#44; Social Media&#44; since these tools present several advantages for conducting international activities&#46; However&#44; the expected benefits from the use of Social Media need first to be recognized by managers who will be willing to use these media in their business strategy&#46; Therefore&#44; we connect this RBV with the TRA&#44; which is a well-known model for predicting and explaining individual behavior&#46; Moreover&#44; other models that explain the adoption of any kind of technology&#44; for example&#44; the Technology Adoption Model &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Davis&#44; 1989&#59; Davis&#44; Bagozzi&#44; &#38; Warshaw&#44; 1989</a>&#41;&#44; are based in this TRA model&#46; The most common variables included in these model that explain the adoption behavior are the attitude&#44; intention to use and use of the technologies&#44; and they explain how the individual beliefs determine to perform a specific individual behavior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein &#38; Ajzen&#44; 1975</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research objectives are to explain the adoption of social media applications as part of the marketing toolbox of exporting companies and identify the main parameters influencing the adoption process&#44; as well as investigate if the export dependence measured by export intensity exerts a moderating role in the analyzed relationships&#46; To achieve this goal&#44; we will empirically focus on Spanish exporting companies&#46; Our results show that Managers&#8217; beliefs about social media capabilities for dealing with foreign customers directly influence managerial attitudes toward and intention to use social media&#44; and also indirectly on the intention to use them through the attitude&#46; Then&#44; the intention to use these applications increases their final usage by exporting firms&#46; Export dependence of the company moderates all these relationships&#44; being stronger with a higher export intensity&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For accomplishing the mentioned purposes&#44; the paper is organized as follows&#58; &#8220;Theoretical foundation of the study&#8221; section provides the theoretical foundation of the study&#46; More specifically&#44; this section develops the social media and foreign customer&#8211;company interaction and presents the theoretical framework&#44; the research model&#44; and the hypotheses to be tested&#46; &#8220;Methodology&#8221; section is focused on the methodology and describes the data collection and the measurement of constructs and variables&#46; &#8220;Results&#8221; section presents the specific technique employed to test the hypotheses&#44; the different steps followed and the results of our analysis&#46; Finally&#44; &#8220;Discussion and conclusions&#8221; section contains the discussion and conclusions&#44; as well as the implications&#44; contributions&#44; limitations and future research lines&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Theoretical foundation of the study</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Social media and foreign customer&#8211;company interaction</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Internet provides companies new ways to develop international business through faster access to market and competitor information &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Mathews &#38; Healym&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46; Using the Internet&#44; companies can considerably reduce international business costs&#46; Furthermore&#44; it offers the possibility of providing information targeted to specific stakeholders and to obtain feedback from them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Biloslavo &#38; Trnavcevic&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#46; Internet has also served for other purposes such as&#58; social bonding&#44; online service quality&#44; external information acquisition for strategic decision-making&#44; customer relationship management&#44; market research&#44; online word-of-mouth&#44; and business intelligence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Lim&#44; Zegarra Salda&#241;a&#44; &#38; Zegarra Salda&#241;a&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; In fact&#44; with the emergence of social media&#44; companies now have a greater ability to take advantage of international market-growth opportunities&#44; exchange of collective knowledge and accumulate social capital&#59; so this phenomenon has specific and unique implications for international marketing strategy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">Berthon et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#59; Okazaki &#38; Taylor&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is worth noting that customers have adopted social media to connect with others and now expect the same level of interactivity with companies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">Berthon et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#59; Trainor et al&#46;&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46; This shift in expectations is challenging businesses to facilitate more customer&#8211;company interaction by deploying new technologies and capabilities &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">Trainor et al&#46;&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Theories of reference</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Resource-Based View has become an influential perspective in international business &#40;IB&#41; research &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">Peng&#44; 2001</a>&#41; and has been applied&#44; for example&#44; to investigate how a firm&#39;s powerful resource base enables SMEs to export more successfully &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">Knight &#38; Cavusgil&#44; 2004&#59; Stoian et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#59; Zucchella&#44; Palamara&#44; &#38; Denicolai&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RBV focuses on the way firms adopt strategies based on their strategic resources and capabilities to gain a sustainable competitive advantage and superior firm performance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Barney&#44; 1991</a>&#41;&#46; In this sense&#44; technological resources and IT capability&#44; in particular&#44; can serve as a source of sustainable competitive advantage both domestically and abroad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">Filipescu et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#59; Pla-Barber &#38; Alegre&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Bharadwaj&#44; Sambamurthy&#44; and Zmud &#40;1999&#41;</a> define IT capability as &#8216;a firm&#39;s ability to acquire&#44; deploy and leverage its IT-related resources in combination with other resources and capabilities in order to achieve business objectives&#8217; &#40;p&#46; 379&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; IT capability is composed of technical skills and information technologies within the whole firm&#44; as well as other managerial resources &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">Bharadwaj et al&#46;&#44; 1999&#59; Bharadwaj&#44; 2000</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several researchers set out that a company&#39;s success in foreign markets depends heavily on its capacity to adapt to new developments such as ITs and Internet-related capabilities &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">Loane&#44; 2006&#59; Sinkovics et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; The explosive growth and low cost of ITs and the Internet &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Loane&#44; 2006</a>&#41; has enabled companies to connect with people and locations all over the world&#46; They have strengthened international business relations by increasing the efficiency of market transactions and promoting access to information easily and faster &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195">Mathews &#38; Healym&#44; 2007&#59; Pezderka et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#59; Zhang et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; According to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">Pezderka et al&#46; &#40;2012&#41;</a>&#44; &#8216;those companies that develop superior capabilities in terms of communication with customers&#44; relationship-building&#44; reaching potential customers&#44; bypassing costly physical presence in foreign markets&#44; market research&#44; being a front-runner in employing advanced export management technology&#44; and cost reduction through Internet deployment will experience enhanced export performance&#8217; &#40;p&#46; 9&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a similar vein&#44; Social Media Capabilities &#40;SMCs&#41; can be seen as an integrated set of strategic resources and capabilities that can create&#44; through the use of social media applications&#44; sound competitive advantages and superior firm performance based upon a more effective information management &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">Carmichael et al&#46;&#44; 2011&#59; Trainor et al&#46;&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; SMCs are potentially important for conducting international activities&#44; as these capabilities may improve communication with foreign customers&#44; reducing or even eliminating distances&#46; However&#44; these expected benefits from SMCs need first to be recognized by managers who will be willing to adopt social media in their managerial activity&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last twenty years&#44; several researchers have focused on identifying variables that influence acceptance behavior regarding ITs&#46; TRA is a well-known model for predicting and explaining individual behavior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein &#38; Ajzen&#44; 1975</a>&#41;&#46; TRA asserts that behavioral intentions to perform the behavior determine individual behavior&#44; and that behavioral intentions are jointly determined by individual attitudes regarding behavior&#46; The attitude is &#8216;a learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward something&#8217; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein &#38; Ajzen&#44; 1975</a>&#44; p&#46; 216&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein and Ajzen &#40;1975&#41;</a> proposed that attitudes are learned&#44; and therefore are dynamic&#46; They can and do change with experience&#46; These predispositions are assumed to also predispose one to certain actions and behaviors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Hypotheses and research model</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the expectation-value theory&#44; individual attitudes toward a specific behavior are a function of salient beliefs and evaluations of behavior outcomes&#46; In terms of ITs adoption process by potential users within firms&#44; attitude toward adopting &#40;or continuing to use&#41; a given IT is generated by the individual&#39;s salient beliefs about the consequences of adopting &#40;or continuing to use&#41; the IT &#40;behavioral beliefs&#41; and evaluation of these consequences&#46; Thus&#44; attitude is derived by the strength of the person&#39;s beliefs that adopting &#40;or continuing to use&#41; the IT will lead to certain consequences&#44; each weighted by the evaluation of each belief&#39;s behavioral consequences &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein &#38; Ajzen&#44; 1975</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accordingly&#44; our assumption is that the TRA model can also be adapted to explain how the managers&#8217; beliefs regarding the expected potential of social media capabilities to create competitive advantage when dealing with foreign customers may impact on their attitude toward and intentions to use social media&#44; especially in export-oriented firms&#46; In particular&#44; the more positive their managers&#8217; perceptions about social media capabilities for their firms&#44; the greater their attitude and intention to use social media will be&#46; That is&#44; managers&#8217; beliefs about expected goodness of social media capabilities can predict the managerial attitude toward social media and the intention to use them&#46; Then&#44; we propose the following hypotheses&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleEnunciation" id="enun0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">Hypothesis 1</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Managers&#8217; SMCs beliefs have a positive effect on their attitude toward social media&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleEnunciation" id="enun0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">Hypothesis 2</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Managers&#8217; SMCs beliefs have a positive effect on their intention to use social media&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between attitude and intention to use an online system has been analyzed in different contexts&#58; Adoption of information technology and information systems&#44; web&#44; e-mail&#44; e-commerce&#44; social media and social networking sites &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Davis&#44; 1989&#59; Davis et al&#46;&#44; 1989</a>&#41;&#46; This strong and widespread positive effect of the attitude on the intention to use IT-related technologies&#44; either by individual users as well as by firm employees&#44; leads us to think that the same mechanics will operate in the relationship between attitude and intention to use social media in a managerial context&#46; Then&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleEnunciation" id="enun0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">Hypothesis 3</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The managerial attitude toward social media has a positive effect on the intention to use these applications&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some TRA and Technology Acceptance Model-based studies have included the current use of technology &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Davis&#44; 1989</a>&#41;&#44; and others have introduced the concept of intention to use &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Luarn &#38; Li&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; Other authors have applied both concepts&#44; and suggest a causal relationship between them &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Davis et al&#46;&#44; 1989</a>&#41;&#46; In this line&#44; we have introduced both variables&#44; as we believe that the intention to use or continue to use acts as a mediator between the effect exerted by SMCs beliefs and final use by managers&#46; Therefore&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleEnunciation" id="enun0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">Hypothesis 4</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The managerial intention to use social media has a positive effect on the final use of these applications&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">L&#243;pez Rodr&#237;guez and Garc&#237;a Rodr&#237;guez &#40;2005&#41;</a>&#44; international markets are characterized by a greater competitive pressure&#46; Therefore&#44; firms that dedicate part of their efforts to markets abroad have intensified their search for competitive advantages &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Hitt&#44; Hoskisson&#44; &#38; Kim&#44; 1997</a>&#41;&#44; in order to confront the competition and survive in these markets&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the perspective of RBV&#44; generating and sustaining competitive advantages resides in the set of strategic resources and capabilities available to the firm &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">Barney&#44; 1991&#59; L&#243;pez Rodr&#237;guez &#38; Garc&#237;a Rodr&#237;guez&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; Among intangible resources&#44; technological resources are particularly significant&#59; these provide the firm with an innovative capacity and are important for the creation of competitive advantages&#44; especially those based on differentiation that give a firm a superior competitiveness to act in international and global markets &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">L&#243;pez Rodr&#237;guez &#38; Garc&#237;a Rodr&#237;guez&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exports intensity is understood as the ratio of total exports to sales turnover&#46; Conflicting findings with respect to exports and adoption on advanced technologies have been reported in the literature&#46; Several reasons have been cited for conflicting results&#46; For example&#44; if the domestic markets are not protected&#44; it becomes imperative for firms to upgrade technology for the survival in the domestic market&#46; In that case&#44; technological advancement may not be related to the export intensity of firms &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Lal&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; some studies have demonstrated that companies with higher export intensity have a higher level of ICT adoption &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Haller &#38; Traistaru-Siedschlag&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46; In a similar vein&#44; those companies who have a higher export dependence should have a higher use and a more positive attitude toward these applications&#44; since these media have an influence on international business and export marketing strategies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">Berthon et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#59; Okazaki &#38; Taylor&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#44; as these applications may help break down barriers of time and distance between the supply and demand sides &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Constantinides et al&#46;&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; the technology and innovation management literature provides evidence of a positive relationship between innovation and export intensity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240">Pla-Barber &#38; Alegre&#44; 2007&#59; Roper &#38; Love&#44; 2002</a>&#41;&#46; Likewise&#44; managerial commitment expressed in terms of interest in and willingness to allocate sufficient resources to exporting&#44; and the extent of international involvement and experience may significantly influence in all the steps related to the export process and success &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">Prasad&#44; Ramamurthy&#44; &#38; Naidu&#44; 2001</a>&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; in this study&#44; we want to analyze the relationship between export intensity and the attitudes and behavior toward social media&#46; More precisely&#44; and following <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">Prasad et al&#46; &#40;2001&#41;</a>&#44; in this research a firm&#39;s degree of export dependence&#44; measured by export intensity&#44; is used as a surrogate for international involvement&#47;experience and management&#39;s willingness to commit resources to exporting&#46; As recognized by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Chi and Sun &#40;2013&#41;</a>&#44; as firms become more rely on export for their sales and profits or&#44; in other words&#44; they are more export dependent &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Cadogan&#44; Paul&#44; Salminen&#44; Puumalainen&#44; &#38; Sundqvist&#44; 2001</a>&#41;&#44; they are prone to allocate greater resources to export market information gathering and dissemination&#46; That is the reason why it is logical to expect that&#44; in the case of exporting companies&#44; the relations among beliefs about their social media capabilities&#44; attitudes toward social media&#44; intention to use and use of these tools are likely to be higher for firms with a greater degree of export dependence&#46; In other words&#44; the moderator effect of export intensity would make that the relationships be stronger in these companies with higher export intensity&#46; Thus&#44; we hypothesize&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleEnunciation" id="enun0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">Hypothesis 5</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Firms&#8217; degree of export dependence has a significant moderating influence on the relationships between SMCs beliefs&#44; attitude toward social media&#44; intention to use social media and the final use of these applications&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; considering all of the suggested hypotheses&#44; we establish a logical-causal chain where managers&#8217; beliefs regarding social media capabilities for dealing with foreign customers generate a direct positive attitude toward social media applications&#46; In addition&#44; these beliefs would also directly influence on the managerial intention to use social media&#44; and indirectly through the attitude&#46; Such positive intention to use social media will increase its usage by the exporting company&#46; Finally&#44; we hypothesize that all of these relationships are moderated by the export intensity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methodology</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Web-based survey was distributed to 3060 international and&#47;or general manager in charge of the firm&#39;s foreign business activity of Spanish exporting firms in the food sector&#44; beverage sector&#44; consumer goods&#44; raw materials&#44; industrial products and capital goods sectors&#59; from the ICEX &#40;Spanish Institute for Foreign Trade&#41; database by e-mail from March to May 2013&#46; After a second re-call wave&#44; the final valid number of companies in the study is 152&#46; Consistent with the suggestion by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">Stanton and Rogelberg &#40;2001&#41;</a>&#44; we decided to send just two reminder e-mails&#46; As different authors point out&#44; &#8216;frequent e-mail participation reminders may be perceived as intrusive&#8217; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Michalak &#38; Szabo&#44; 1998</a>&#44; p&#46; 205&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To analysis the possible nonresponse bias&#44; we compared the number of times the Web page with the survey was requested with the number of completed research responses actually received&#44; so we can make a reasonable estimation of active refusals&#58; 1100 times the web page was requested and 152 is the number of completed research responses &#40;152 represent a 13&#46;2&#37; rate of non-refusal&#44; rate that is close to the acceptable range of 15&#8211;20&#37; mentioned by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Menon&#44; Bharadwaj&#44; &#38; Howell&#44; 1996</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive information of the firms in the sample is presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; In the final sample obtained firms have 163 employees on average &#40;63&#46;5&#37; have fewer than 52 employees&#41;&#44; similar percentage than the one obtained by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Navarro-Garc&#237;a&#44; Arenas-Gait&#225;n&#44; and Rond&#225;n-Catalu&#241;a &#40;2014&#41;</a>&#44; on average the age is 34&#46;16 and the export experience is about 20 years &#40;64&#46;58&#37; have more than 14 years of export activity&#44; similar percentage than the one obtained in the sample of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Navarro-Garc&#237;a et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;</a>&#58; 61&#37; have more than 15 years of export activity&#41;&#46; Furthermore&#44; 59&#46;60&#37; have website&#44; 12&#46;50&#37; develop e-Commerce&#44; and they have profile on approximately 2 social media applications on average&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Measurement of variables</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The constructs used in our study were adapted from previous studies and measured by multiple item five-point Likert-type scales &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In addition to this&#44; at the beginning of the questionnaire&#44; we included a brief description about the objective of the research&#44; definition of Social Media&#44; different uses of these tools in business strategy and the context that we wanted to analyze&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Specifically&#44; the SMCs beliefs construct identifies the managerial beliefs about the potential of social media capabilities in order to perform communication tasks or activities&#44; and effectively manage information about foreign customers&#46; The SMCs beliefs scale was developed on the basis of previous work by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">Pezderka et al&#46; &#40;2012&#41;</a>&#46; We simplified the measuring instrument as much as possible by selecting and adapting to the social media context only those attributes related to capabilities for improving the international communication&#44; efficiency of market transactions abroad&#44; satisfaction and loyalty of foreign customers and the development of international network relationships&#46; We obtained a scale of SMCs managerial beliefs with seven items&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The constructs used in our study to measure managerial attitude&#44; intention to use&#44; and firm&#39;s use of social media&#44; were adapted from previous studies related to the adoption of IT&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Technique of analysis</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A structural equation modeling &#40;SEM&#41;&#44; specifically partial least squares &#40;PLS&#41;&#44; is proposed to assess the measurement and structural model&#46; Although this technique provides few fit measures for the structural model&#44; we have used this technique because is more appropriate for exploratory research and studies with small sample sizes&#44; and because the PLS algorithm shows greater convergence in its simplicity&#44; offering fewer restrictions on the sample size and data normality&#46; In addition&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">Reinartz&#44; Haenlein&#44; and Henseler &#40;2009&#41;</a> note that PLS is more appropriate when the number of observations is below 250&#44; as in our case&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SmartPLS 2&#46;0 software was used to analyze the data&#46; The stability of the estimates was tested via a bootstrap re-sampling procedure &#40;500 sub-samples&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A PLS model is analyzed in two stages&#58; First&#44; the assessment of the reliability and validity of the measurement model&#44; and second&#44; the assessment of the structural model &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">J&#246;reskog &#38; S&#246;rbom&#44; 1993</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Results</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Reliability and validity assessment</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First&#44; following the approach of other studies &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">Alegre &#38; Chiva&#44; 2013&#59; Zhou&#44; Barnes&#44; &#38; Lu&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#44; we assessed whether common method bias posed a threat to our data by performing Harman&#39;s one-factor test on the items&#46; If there is a substantial amount of common method variance&#44; then either a single factor will emerge from the factor analysis&#44; or one general factor will account for the majority of the covariance among the variables &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">Podsakoff&#44; MacKenzie&#44; Lee&#44; &#38; Podsakoff&#44; 2003</a>&#41;&#46; In our case&#44; common method bias did not pose a threat to our data&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondly&#44; we performed an analysis of the validity and reliability of the scales employed in our model&#46; As one of our objective is to analyze the moderator effect of export intensity in the relationships proposed&#44; we separated the companies into two groups for the moderator&#58; companies with a high export intensity and companies with a low export intensity&#46; Our questionnaire asked export intensity as export sales as percentage of total sales&#46; Therefore&#44; we have divided the scores at the fiftieth percentile of the total group&#44; and we assigned the companies to the Group 1 if they have a value under the fiftieth percentile &#40;low export intensity&#41;&#44; and to the Group 2 if they have a value above the fiftieth percentile &#40;high export intensity&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; we will analyze the validity and reliability of the scales for the three models &#40;Total&#44; Group 1 and Group 2&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The scales&#8217; development was founded on the review of the most relevant literature&#44; thus assuring the content validity of the measurements instruments &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Cronbach&#44; 1971</a>&#41;&#46; Although due the lack of valid scales adapted to Web 2&#46;0 adoption&#44; it was necessary to adapt the initial scales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the reliability of the constructs&#44; we first conducted an exploratory factor analysis &#40;EFA&#41; with SPSS software&#46; The consideration of multiple items for each construct increases construct reliability &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">Terblanche &#38; Boshoff&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#46; EFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the four constructs considered in the model&#46; The item-total correlation is above the minimum of 0&#46;3 recommended by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">Nurosis &#40;1993&#41;</a> for all constructs in the sample used&#46; Cronbach&#39;s alpha &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span>&#41; exceeded the recommendation of 0&#46;70 suggested by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">Nunnally and Bernstein &#40;1994&#41;</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the PLS are reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; Generally&#44; a CR of at least 0&#46;60 is considered desirable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">Bagozzi &#38; Yi&#44; 1988&#59; Fornell &#38; Larcker&#44; 1981</a>&#41;&#46; This requirement is fulfilled for every factor in the three models&#58; Total model&#44; Group 1 &#40;companies with low export intensity&#44; below the median&#41; and Group 2 &#40;companies with high export intensity&#44; above the median&#41;&#46; The average variance extracted &#40;AVE&#41; was also calculated for each construct&#59; the resulting AVE values were greater than 0&#46;50 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Fornell &#38; Larcker&#44; 1981</a>&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; the four constructs demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Convergent validity is verified by analyzing the factor loadings and their significance&#46; The individual item loadings in our models are higher than 0&#46;6 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Bagozzi &#38; Yi&#44; 1988</a>&#41;&#44; and the average of the item-to-factor loadings are higher than 0&#46;7 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Hair&#44; Black&#44; Babin&#44; Anderson&#44; &#38; Tatham&#44; 2006</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; we have checked the significance of the loadings with a re-sampling procedure &#40;500 sub-samples&#41; for obtaining <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-statistic values&#46; They are all significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; These findings provide evidence supporting the convergent validity of the indicators for the three models&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research adopted <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Fornell and Larcker &#40;1981&#41;</a> criteria of discriminant validity to examine whether the square root of the AVE for each construct exceeds the correlation shared between the construct and other constructs in the model&#46; As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#44; all diagonal values exceeded the inter-construct correlations&#44; thereby demonstrating adequate discriminant validity of all constructs for every model&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on all criteria&#44; it was concluded that the measures in the study provided sufficient evidence of reliability and validity for the three models&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Structural model</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Being evaluated the psychometric properties of measurement instrument&#44; we proceeded to estimate the structural model&#44; using PLS and the same criteria for determining the significance of the parameters &#40;bootstrapping of 500 sub-samples&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To assess the predictive ability of the structural model we followed the approach proposed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Falk and Miller &#40;1992&#41;</a> that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> value &#40;variance accounted for&#41; of each of the dependent constructs exceed the 0&#46;1 value&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> shows that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> values in the dependent variables are higher than the critical level mentioned&#46; Another test applied was the Stone-Geisser test of predictive relevance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; This test can be used as an additional assessment of model fit in PLS analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">Geisser&#44; 1975&#59; Stone&#44; 1974</a>&#41;&#46; The Blindfolding technique was used to calculate de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; Models with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> greater than zero are considered to have predictive relevance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Chin&#44; 1988</a>&#41;&#46; In our case <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> is positive for all predicted variables&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> show a synthesis of the results obtained for the causal hypothesis testing&#46; Consistent with <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Chin &#40;1988&#41;</a>&#44; bootstrapping &#40;500 re-samples&#41; was used to generate <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-values&#46; Support for each general hypothesis can be determined by examining the sign and statistical significance of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-values&#46; In the overall model&#44; the results obtained allow us to state that the logical-causal chain theoretically suggested is observed in the available sample of exporting firms&#46; Therefore&#44; managers&#8217; beliefs about the adequacy of social media capabilities for dealing with foreign customers generate both a positive managerial attitude and a greater intention to use these applications&#46; In addition&#44; this positive attitude also has a favorable effect upon managerial intention of using social media which&#44; in its turn&#44; increases the usage of all of these applications within the firm&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Multigroup analysis</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our last hypothesis suggested that firms&#8217; degree of export dependence has a significant moderating influence on the relationships between SMCs beliefs&#44; attitude toward social media&#44; intention to use social media and the final use of these applications&#46; Authors as <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Chi and Sun &#40;2013&#41;</a> consider that as firms become more rely on export for their sales and profits&#44; they are prone to allocate greater resources to export market information gathering and dissemination&#46; So&#44; the moderator effect of export intensity would make that the relationships be stronger in these companies with higher export intensity&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although there are different procedures to test moderating effects in PLS path models &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">Henseler &#38; Fassott&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> we have followed a two steps process already used in the academic literature &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">Chin&#44; 2000&#59; Keil et al&#46;&#44; 2000</a>&#41;&#58; first&#44; the model was run separately for each subgroup &#40;Group 1&#58; companies with a low export intensity&#59; Group 2&#58; companies with a high export intensity&#41;&#46; This PLS model is analyzed and interpreted in two stages for the two groups&#44; as the global model&#46; First&#44; the adequacy of the measures was assessed by evaluating the reliability and validity of the constructs&#46; Then&#44; the structural model was appraised&#46;</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Blindfolding technique was used to calculate de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and Bootstrap to estimate the precision of the PLS estimates&#46; Thus&#44; 500 samples sets were created in order to obtain 500 estimates for each parameter in the PLS model for each group&#46; As all values of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> exceed the 0&#46;1 value and all <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> are positive for both groups&#44; the relations in the models have predictive relevance&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Second&#44; the multigroup path coefficient differences were examined based on the procedure suggested by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Keil et al&#46; &#40;2000&#41;</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Chin &#40;2000&#41;</a>&#46; These authors suggest apply an unpaired samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test to the group-specific model parameters using the standard deviations of the estimates resulting from bootstrapping&#46; The parametric test uses the path coefficients and the standard errors of the structural paths calculated by PLS with the samples of the two groups&#44; using the following expression of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-value for multigroup comparison test &#40;1&#41; &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Chin&#44; 2000</a>&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">m</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>group 1 sample size and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>group 2 sample size&#41;&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This statistic follows a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-distribution with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">m</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 degrees of freedom&#46; The subsample-specific path coefficients are denoted as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span>&#44; the sizes of the subsamples as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">m</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#44; and the patch coefficient standard errors as resulting from bootstrapping as SE&#46;</p><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#44; the impact of moderating variable on the proposed relationships &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#enun0025">Hypothesis 5</a>&#41; was significant&#44; since all <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-value for multi-group comparison are significant at a level of 0&#46;01&#46; In other words&#44; whether the firms have high export intensity or low export intensity have impact on the proposed hypothesis&#44; being stronger these relationships as higher export intensity&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion and conclusions</span><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research has tested a TRA-based model of social media adoption by exporting firms&#46; In particular&#44; this research has assessed the extent to which managers&#8217; beliefs&#44; attitudes&#44; and intention to use social media do increase their usage among Spanish exporting firms&#46;</p><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results obtained in the empirical section allow us to confirm all the hypotheses suggested and answer the two research questions initially established&#58; what is the relationship between managerial beliefs regarding social media and the subsequent adoption of these tools by exporting companies&#63; and&#44; does the export dependence&#44; measured by export intensity&#44; moderate this relationship&#63; We have seen that managers&#8217; beliefs about the adequacy of social media capabilities for dealing with foreign customers generate a positive managerial attitude and a greater intention to use these applications&#46; In addition&#44; this positive attitude also has a favorable effect upon managerial intention of using social media that increases the usage of all of these applications within the firm&#46; Therefore&#44; as in previous research&#44; we have also demonstrated that attitude has an intervening effect on the relation between beliefs and intention &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Cheng&#44; Lam&#44; &#38; Yeung&#44; 2006</a>&#41;&#46; Actually&#44; beliefs are a key factor in the adoption process and use of any IT&#46; This research specifically offers insight of the influence that the beliefs of one person can exert&#44; in this case the manager&#39;s beliefs&#44; in the adoption and use of social media&#46; In addition&#44; for Spanish exporting companies&#44; the adoption of social media is conditioned by the export dependence of the firm&#44; measured by its export intensity&#44; as they give a greater importance of these tools when the importance of international versus domestic market is also higher&#46; Probably&#44; the moderating effect of export intensity on the attitude and using behavior of social media&#44; is due to when the weight of international business is very important&#44; companies want to keep their competitive position outside&#44; therefore is key to have access to the customer needs&#44; and stakeholders needs in general&#46; Social media are the means by which consumers can express their needs and thoughts&#44; and may be an essential tool in maintaining relationships and bidirectional communication with the different stakeholders&#46;</p><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Implications and contributions</span><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From an academic standpoint&#44; the main contribution of this research is to develop the managers&#8217; SMCs beliefs construct by measuring their beliefs about the potential of social media applications to better deal with customers abroad&#46; In our opinion&#44; this research generates a new&#44; promising area of inquiry in the Internet and export marketing interface&#44; focused on social media&#44; and opens up lines for further research on it&#46;</p><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From a practitioner&#39;s point of view&#44; considering the obtained results&#44; we can generally affirm that not only is it a question of having a given technological capability &#8216;available&#8217;&#44; but also firms&#8217; decision-makers must have a positive attitude and the willingness to use it&#46; Thus&#44; firm capabilities may constitute a source of a sustainable competitive advantage and&#44; as a consequence&#44; a determinant of a superior firm performance if managers have strong beliefs about their efficacy for their firms and act accordingly&#46; For instance&#44; in our opinion&#44; the establishment of a specialized area in charge of Web 2&#46;0 implementation within the firm would constitute a very interesting investment for export-oriented companies&#46; In addition&#44; main consequences related to the firm&#39;s human resources policy should be considered&#46;</p><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; most companies still have a long way to go to learn about how to correctly implement and fully exploit social media&#46; They can easily have a Facebook or Twitter account but&#44; how many of them are really obtaining long-term profits from using these applications&#63; From a policy-makers&#8217; point of view&#44; we also believe that public support programs &#40;technological infrastructure&#44; training&#44; consultancy&#41; should be aimed at promoting the adoption and adequate implementation of social media generally in businesses and especially among exporting firms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Limitations and future research</span><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although a great effort was made for obtaining a larger sample size of Spanish exporting companies&#44; the final one used in this study is somewhat limited&#46; We also cannot omit the risk of obtaining results that are overly specific to one particular context &#40;in this case&#44; Spain&#41;&#46; In this vein&#44; comparative studies drawing on larger multiple-country samples are crucial in internationalization research &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Dhanaraj &#38; Beamish&#44; 2003</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; a larger sample of exporting firms would help to perform multi-group analysis comparing users and non-users of social media&#46; This would also allow researchers to examine the specific role of the type of business sector in the adoption of social media more deeply&#44; since it is likely that an IT outsourcing supplier or an online intermediary&#44; for example&#44; might have greater IT capability in general&#44; as compared with an export-oriented manufacturer &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">Zhang et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; although the TRA model and other adoption models have been studied and tested in cross-sectional studies &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein &#38; Ajzen&#44; 1975</a>&#41;&#59; some authors have developed longitudinal test of the TRA and these studies suggest that&#44; for relatively stable intentions&#44; the TRA may have merit for longitudinal prediction of behavior&#46; Likewise&#44; other technology adoption models have been used to analyze individuals being introduced to a new technology in the workplace through a longitudinal study &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">Venkatesh et al&#46;&#44; 2003</a>&#41;&#46; Due to the nature of our study and the difficulty of obtaining data&#44; we have developed a cross-sectional study&#46; However&#44; we acknowledge that it could be interesting for future research to examine the stability of behavioral intentions within this domain&#44; and to provide further longitudinal tests of the theory&#46;</p><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; this research presents another limitation&#46; Some common variables included in the original RBV and TRA model&#44; have not been included in this research&#46; For example&#44; subjective norm included in the original TRA model is not considered&#46; We decided not to include this variable since it has not been considered in more recent studies and&#44; in a similar vein&#44; we supposed that subjective norm is not an important variable to explain the behavior of managers regarding the use of Social Media in business strategy&#46; However&#44; as future research lines&#44; we believe that other variables should be considered in order to analyze all the possible factors that could influence in the final use of Social Media&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Funding</span><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research was funded by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Ministerio de Econom&#237;a y Competitividad</span>&#44; project ref&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">ECO2013-44027-P</span>&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managerial beliefs regarding social media and the subsequent adoption of these tools by exporting companies&#44; and the moderating effect of export dependence measured by export intensity in those relationships&#46; To accomplish this objective we use data from a Web-based survey distributed &#40;by e-mail&#41; to export managers or CEOs of Spanish exporting firms from the ICEX &#40;Spanish Institute for Foreign Trade&#41; database&#46; Our results show that Managers&#8217; beliefs about social media capabilities for dealing with foreign customers directly influence managerial attitudes toward and intention to use social media&#44; and also indirectly on the intention to use them through the attitude&#46; Then&#44; the intention to use these applications increases their final usage by exporting firms&#46; Export dependence of the company moderates all these relationships&#44; being stronger with a higher export intensity&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la relaci&#243;n entre las creencias gerenciales en relaci&#243;n a los medios sociales y la subsiguiente adopci&#243;n de dichas herramientas por parte de las empresas exportadoras&#44; as&#237; como el efecto moderador de la dependencia de la exportaci&#243;n&#44; calibrado mediante la intensidad exportadora en dichas relaciones&#46; Para lograr este objetivo&#44; utilizamos los datos de una encuesta basada en web y distribuida por correo electr&#243;nico a los gerentes o a los directores ejecutivos de las empresas exportadoras espa&#241;olas de la base de datos del ICEX &#40;Instituto Espa&#241;ol de Comercio Exterior&#41;&#46; Nuestros resultados reflejan que las creencias de los gestores acerca de las capacidades de los medios sociales&#44; en cuanto al trato con los clientes extranjeros&#44; tienen una influencia directa sobre las actitudes gerenciales frente al uso y a la intenci&#243;n de utilizar los medios sociales&#44; y una influencia indirecta sobre la intenci&#243;n de hacer uso de dichos medios a trav&#233;s de la actitud&#46; Por tanto&#44; la intenci&#243;n de utilizar estas aplicaciones incrementa su uso final por parte de las empresas exportadoras&#46; La dependencia de la exportaci&#243;n por parte de la empresa modera todas estas relaciones&#44; acrecent&#225;ndose cuando la intensidad exportadora es m&#225;s elevada&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="6" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Social media usage</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Yes</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Std&#46; Dev&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Std&#46; Dev&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Std&#46; Dev&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Size &#40;n&#176; employees&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">254&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1025&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">163&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">599&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Firm age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Years exporting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">N&#176; of export zones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#37; exports over total sales in 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive analysis of sampling firms&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All items were measured by five-point Likert-type scales&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Items&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adapted from&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">SMCs beliefs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMCsB1 Social media allow us to effortlessly communicate a good business image to foreign customers&#46;<br>SMCsB2 Using social media&#44; we can interact with foreign customers much quicker&#46;<br>SMCsB3 Social media improves our ability to create relationships with customers in our target foreign markets&#46;<br>SMCsB4 Social media improves foreign customer satisfaction&#46;<br>SMCsB5 Social media improves our ability to generate foreign sales leads&#46;<br>SMCsB6 Social media helps us to reach more potential foreign customers&#46;<br>SMCsB7 Using social media to target foreign markets gives our company a competitive edge over rivals&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">Pezderka et al&#46; &#40;2012&#41;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A1 We think that using the social media is a good idea&#46;<br>A2 We think that using the social media is a wise idea&#46;<br>A3 We think that using the social media is a positive idea&#46;<br>A4 We like the idea of using the social media&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Davis et al&#46; &#40;1989&#41;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Fishbein and Ajzen &#40;1975&#41;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Intention to Use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IU1 It is probable that we will use or continue using the social media&#46;<br>IU2 We intend to begin or continue using the social media&#46;<br>IU3 We will frequently use social media in the future&#46;<br>IU4 We will recommend others to use the social media&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">Chan and Lu &#40;2004&#41;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">Mathwick &#40;2002&#41;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">Moon and Kim &#40;2001&#41;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle">Use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">USE1 In general&#44; could you give the level of use of social media by your company&#63;<br>USE2 How often does your company use the social media&#63;<br>USE3 On average&#44; how many hours does your company use the social media per week&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="middle"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Davis et al&#46; &#40;1989&#41;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">Moon and Kim &#40;2001&#41;</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">Teo et al&#46; &#40;1999&#41;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span>&#58; Cronbach&#39;s Alpha&#59; CR&#58; composite reliability&#59; AVE&#58; average variance extracted&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indicator</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factor loading<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span>&#59; CR&#59; AVE&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group 1 &#40;low export intensity&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group 2 &#40;high export intensity&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle">Attitude toward social media</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">A1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9334&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9037&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9486&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;944&#59; 0&#46;960&#59; 0&#46;858&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9466&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9601&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;948&#59; 0&#46;963&#59; 0&#46;866&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9570&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9571&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9561&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;941&#59; 0&#46;958&#59; 0&#46;851&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">A4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8665&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8427&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle">Intention to use</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IU1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9144&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9353&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;940&#59; 0&#46;957&#59; 0&#46;849&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IU2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9501&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9531&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;941&#59; 0&#46;958&#59; 0&#46;851&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IU3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9252&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9235&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9205&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;936&#59; 0&#46;955&#59; 0&#46;840&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IU4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8790&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8976&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8614&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="middle">Use</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">USE1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9710&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9701&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9714&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;957&#59; 0&#46;972&#59; 0&#46;922&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">USE2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9687&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9676&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9677&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;960&#59; 0&#46;974&#59; 0&#46;926&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">USE3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9497&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9328&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;954&#59; 0&#46;971&#59; 0&#46;917&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="middle">SMCs beliefs</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMDC1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8539&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7816&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;924&#59; 0&#46;939&#59; 0&#46;688&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMDC2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8209&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8294&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;923&#59; 0&#46;938&#59; 0&#46;684&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMDC3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8856&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8814&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8948&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Group 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#40;0&#46;926&#59; 0&#46;941&#59; 0&#46;697&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMDC4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7689&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8083&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7487&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMDC5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8483&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8696&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMDC6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8631&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8843&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8522&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMDC7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7603&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7893&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7313&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagonal elements are the square root of average variance extracted &#40;AVE&#41; between the constructs and their measures&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Off-diagonal elements are correlations between constructs&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Model&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SMCs beliefs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle">Total</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;858&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;461&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;849&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;291&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;481&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;922&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMCs beliefs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;204&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;358&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;170&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;688&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle">Group 1 &#40;low export intensity&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8585&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6955&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8493&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5798&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7448&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9220&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMCs beliefs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4795&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6834&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5239&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6888&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle">Group 2 &#40;high export intensity&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8661&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6579&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8508&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5159&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6752&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9265&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SMCs beliefs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5495&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;3160&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6839&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Discriminant validity of the theoretical construct measures&#46;</p>"
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        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;attitude&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;291&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;intention to use&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6122&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;use&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3580&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Path&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stand coefficients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-Value &#40;bootstrap&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMCs beliefs<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5394&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;7824<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SMCs beliefs<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4616&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;4608<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Attitude<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4301&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;3655<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Intention to use<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5983&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;8513<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;attitude&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;2449&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;intention to use&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;5172&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;use&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3264&#59; all &#62;0&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hypotheses testing&#46;</p>"
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        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
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            "identificador" => "at6"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Path</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Global</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multigroup analysis</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group 1 &#40;low export intensity&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group 2 &#40;high export intensity&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>&#91;mgp&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H5a&#58; SMCs beliefs<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>attitude&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5394<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5798<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9873<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;7771&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;6756E&#8722;48<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H5b&#58; SMCs beliefs<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4616<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5145<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9404<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;0225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;4502E&#8722;46<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H5c&#58; Attitude<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intention to use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4301<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;3972<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4530<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;8258&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;00535918<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">H5d&#58; Intention to use<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8594;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5983<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6834<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0261<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;0956&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;4699E&#8722;63<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Confirmed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;attitude&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;2910&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;3362&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;2661&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;intention to use&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6594&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5864&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 24449695
Original language: English
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