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Vol. 9. Issue 1.
Pages 31-38 (March 2007)
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Vol. 9. Issue 1.
Pages 31-38 (March 2007)
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Consumo de tabaco y patología psiquiátrica
Smoking and psychiatric disorders
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3878
N. Sobradiela, V. García-Vicentb,
Corresponding author
vicentegarcia@fundacionmarbella.org

Correspondencia: V. García Vicent. Comunidad Terapéutica Hacienda de Toros. Carretera de Istán, km.4. 29600 Marbella. Málaga.
a Psicóloga. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
b Psiquiatra. Comunidad Terapéutica Hacienda de Toros. Marbella. España
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Article information
Resumen
Introducción

Existe una relación directa entre la dependencia tabáquica (prevalencia e intensidad) con la presencia de patología psiquiátrica. A menor prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en población general más evidente y relevante se hace esta asociación.

Material y métodos

Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en distintas bases científicas, consiguiendo un amplio número de artículos relacionados con el tema del tabaquismo y la patología psiquiátrica.

Resultados

Existe una relación directa y ampliamente comprobada por distintos estudios entre el consumo de tabaco y diferentes patologías psiquiátricas. Las patologías en las que más ampliamente ha sido estudiada esta comorbilidad han sido los trastornos psicóticos, los trastornos afectivos y de ansiedad y el consumo de otras sustancias psicoactivas. En el tratamiento del tabaquismo de pacientes que padecen alguna de estas patologías es conveniente: intensificar y prolongar las intervenciones, poner en práctica técnicas psicoeducativas y cognitivo-conductuales y la utilización de algún tratamiento farmacológico que ayude a controlar y/o reducir la aparición de recaídas en el consumo de tabaco o en la sintomatología psiquiátrica de base. Una pregunta que queda en el aire es el momento en el que iniciar el tratamiento de cesación, aunque se cree que el mejor momento es cuando la patología psiquiátrica esté estabilizada.

Conclusiones

Conviene abordar el consumo de tabaco en los pacientes que padecen patologías psiquiátricas ya que es un grave riesgo de morbimortalidad que, además, disminuye notablemente su calidad de vida.

Palabras clave:
Tabaco
Fumar
Patología psiquiátrica
Diagnóstico dual
Esquizofrenia
Depresión
Alcoholismo
Heroinomanía
Abstract
Introduction

Relationships between tobacco consumption (and nicotine dependence) and the presence of different psychiatric pathologies have been described. The lower smoking prevalence in one population, the stronger this association is.

Material and methods

A bibliographic search on different scientific sources has been performed on the association between smoking and psychiatric disorders.

Results

A direct, strong and thoroughly examined association has been observed on this topic. Psychiatric disorders most strongly associated with tobacco consumption (especially cigarette consumption) are schizophrenia, mayor depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and other chemical dependencies. Smoking treatment in these patients requires longer and more intense interventions, where psycho-educative and cognitive-behavioural techniques are performed and where useful pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation are applied. Additional, the evolution of the basal psychiatric disorder should be monitored during the quitting process. Although it has not been clearly established, quitting should be tried when patients are stable in their psychiatric condition.

Conclusions

Smoking consumption should be taken into account in patients with psychiatric pathologies. It is responsible for a high risk of morbidity and mortality in these patients and it greatly decreases their life quality.

Key words:
Tobacco
Smoking
Psychiatric disorders
Dual diagnosis
Schizophrenia
Depresión
Alcohol dependence
Heroin dependence
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