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Inicio Vacunas (English Edition) When should we get vaccinated against seasonal flu?
Journal Information
Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 64-68 (January - June 2020)
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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 64-68 (January - June 2020)
Vaccination strategy
When should we get vaccinated against seasonal flu?
¿Cuándo debemos vacunarnos ante la gripe estacional?
J. Vaqué Rafart
Catedrático emérito de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Annual influenza vaccination is especially relevant for older people because of their high risk of complications caused by influenza virus infection. It is important to get the elderly and other groups at risk of influenza derived complications to be vaccinated before the onset of the epidemic activity. Vaccination administered too early or delayed will not allow for desired protection. In northern hemisphere countries, influenza vaccination campaign runs between mid-September and the first week of December, with marked variations across countries.

Influenza vaccine has moderate effectiveness in its ability to produce a protective immune response, which is reached within 14 days of having received the vaccine. The immunity achieved is attenuated over time resulting in a marked decline in vaccine effectiveness. One strategy used in many countries to limit this decline is to delay the vaccination period by one to two weeks. This delay either compresses the period towards the onset when the epidemic wave usually begins, so that when it initiates the degree of protective immunity of individuals is high.

Keywords:
Influenza
Effectiveness
Immunisation strategy
Resumen

La vacunación antigripal anual es especialmente relevante para las personas mayores, debido a su elevado riego de presentar complicaciones por la gripe. Es importante conseguir que los ancianos y las personas de otros grupos de riesgo ante la gripe estén vacunados antes del inicio de la onda epidémica. Una vacunación demasiado precoz o bien retrasada no permitirá conseguir la deseada protección. En los países del hemisferio norte la campaña de vacunación se desarrolla entre mediados de septiembre y la primera semana de diciembre, con notables variaciones.

La vacunación antigripal posee una efectividad moderada en cuanto a su capacidad para producir una respuesta inmunitaria protectora, que se alcanza a los 14 días de la vacunación. La inmunidad conseguida se atenúa con el transcurso del tiempo, produciéndose un notable declive de la efectividad vacunal. Una estrategia empleada en muchos países para limitar este declive consiste en retrasar una o dos semanas el periodo de vacunación. Con ello se retrasa o comprime el periodo hacia el momento en que habitualmente comienza la onda epidémica, de manera que cuando esta se inicie el grado de inmunidad protectora de los individuos sea elevado.

Palabras clave:
Gripe
Efectividad
Estrategia vacunal

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