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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 3-6 (January 2000)
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 3-6 (January 2000)
Serological evaluation of the universal hepatitis B vaccination programme of pre-adolescents in Catalonia (Spain)
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L. Salleras Sanmartí, P. Plans Rubio, A. Domínguez García, E. Navas Alcalá, L. Urbiztondo Perdices, J. Espuñes Vendrell, J. Batalla Clavell
General Directorate of Public Health. Department of Health and Social Security. Autonomous Government of Catalonia
J. Vidal Tort*, M. Bruguera Cortada**
* Microbiology Unit
** Liver Unit. Hospital Clinic. Barcelona
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Objective

Hepatitis B vaccination of pre-adolescents aged 11-12 years has been carried out in schools in Catalonia (Spain) since 1991. In this study, a serological evaluation of programme was made.

Methods

The prevalence of this hepatitis B serological markers was compared in random samples of 13-14 year-old adolescents obtained in 1986 (n = 476) and 1996 (n = 299). Vaccination status was assessed in all individuals studied.

Results

The percentage of adolescents with vaccine-induced immunity was 94.0% in 1996. Vaccination coverage found by personal registration cards was 91.6%. The percentage of susceptible individuals decreased from 96.7% in 1986 to 5.4% in 1996 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) past infection decreased from 1.7% in 1986 to 0.3% in 1996 and the prevalence of chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus decreased from 0.8% in 1986 to 0.3% in 1996 although these differences had no statistical significance.

Conclusions

The universal hepatitis B vaccination programme of pre-adolescents was effective in increasing the number of protected individuals against the disease. Serological evaluation of the vaccination programme is a better indicator of vaccination coverage than personal registration cards.

Palabras clave:
hepatitis B
programas de vacunación
estudios serológicos
estudios de evaluación
Objetivo

La vacunación antihepatitis B de los preadolescentes a los 11-12 años de edad se ha venido realizando en las escuelas de Cataluña (España) desde 1991. En el presente estudio se realiza una evaluación serológica de este programa.

Métodos

Se ha comparado la prevalencia de los marcadores sero-lógicos de la hepatitis B en muestras aleatorias de adolescentes de 13-14 años obtenidas en 1986 (n = 476) y 1996 (n = 299). El antecedente de vacunación se investigó en todos los individuos estudiados.

Resultados

El porcentaje de adolescentes con inmunidad vacunal fue 94,0% en 1996. La cobertura de vacunación obtenida mediante la revisión de los carnets vacunales fue 91,6%. El porcentaje de individuos susceptibles descendió de 96,7% en 1986 a 5,4% en 1996 (p < 0,001). La prevalencia de infección por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) descendió de 1,7% en 1986 a 0,3% en 1996, y la prevalencia de portadores crónicos del VHB descendió de 0,8% en 1986 a 0,3% en 1996, aunque las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas.

Conclusiones

El programa de vacunación universal antihepatitis B de los preadolescentes ha sido efectivo para aumentar el número de individuos protegidos frente a la enfermedad. La evaluación serológica del programa de vacunación es un indicador mejor que el de la cobertura vacunal obtenida a través de los carnets de vacunación.

Key words:
hepatitis B
vaccination programmes
serological studies
evaluation studies

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