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Inicio Vacunas (English Edition) Post COVID-19 era: Re-emergence of known and future (X) viral pathogens
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Vol. 25. Issue 3.
Pages 403-414 (July - September 2024)
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Vol. 25. Issue 3.
Pages 403-414 (July - September 2024)
Review article
Post COVID-19 era: Re-emergence of known and future (X) viral pathogens
Era post COVID-19: Resurgimiento de los patógenos virales “X” conocidos y futuros
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Pryanka Thakura,1, Vikram Thakura,
,1
, Monika Sapraa, Sonakshi Srivastavab, Sanjay Kumar Singh Patelc,**
a Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
b Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
c Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
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Table 1. Viral disease outbreaks during 2022–2023.
Table 2. Details of vaccines and advancements are mentioned in Table 2.
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Abstract

The world has successfully overcome the menace of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic waves, nature has unleashed a new curveball in the years 2022 and 2023 with other highly infectious viral diseases. Understanding the origin and different transmission routes, evolution, the mechanism of their emergence, immune evasion, and vaccine research while dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has advanced our scientific knowledge and public health infrastructure to address unknown future viral pathogens already underway. The current review briefly discussed the worldwide pandemics of Monkeypox (Mpox) and polio viral infection along with the origin theories of other global viral outbreaks post-COVID-19 era in 2022 and 2023 like Ebola, unexplained hepatitis in pediatric children, avian influenza, and Langya virus. The role of climate, biodiversity, zoonotic transmission, and trajectory of these viral infections. It also highlights the containment, preventive, and treatment strategies that are being developed.

Keywords:
Pandemics
Monkeypox (Mpox)
Viral emergence Theories
Disease “X”
Langya virus
Resumen

El mundo superó exitosamente la amenaza de las olas de la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19), y la naturaleza desató un nuevo obstáculo en los años 2022 y 2023 con la aparición de otras enfermedades virales altamente infecciosas. La comprensión del origen y las diferentes rutas de transmisión, la evolución, el mecanismo de aparición, la evasión inmunológica, y la investigación vacunal, mientras se maneja el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo por coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha avanzado nuestro conocimiento científico y la infraestructura sanitaria para poder abordar patógenos virales futuros que ya están en camino. La revisión actual debate brevemente la pandemia mundial de viruela del simio (Mpox) y la infección viral de la polio junto con las teorías del origen de otros brotes virales globales tras la era COVID-19 en 2022 y 2023 tales como Ébola, hepatitis inexplicada en pacientes pediátricos, gripe aviar, y virus Langya, así como el rol del clima, la biodiversidad, la transmisión zoonótica, y la trayectoria de dichas infecciones virales. También subraya el confinamiento, las medidas preventivas y las estrategias terapéuticas que están siendo desarrolladas.

Palabras clave:
Pandemia
Virus del mono (Mpox)
Teorías del origen viral
Enfermedad “X”
Langya virus

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