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Vol. 25. Issue 2.
Pages 264-273 (April - June 2024)
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Vol. 25. Issue 2.
Pages 264-273 (April - June 2024)
Review article
One Health approach to Nipah virus prevention
Un enfoque de salud Para la prevención del virus Nipah
Muhammad Safdara,
Corresponding author
msafdar@cuvas.edu.pk

Corresponding authors.
, Shafeeq ur Rehmanb, Muhammad Younusc, Muhammad Arif Rizwand, Muhammad Kaleemd, Mehmet Ozaslane
a Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences-Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
b Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences-Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
c Department of Zoolgy, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences-Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
d Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences-Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
e Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Table 1. Surveillance and early detection of Nipah virus.
Abstract

The Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal disease, resulting in a mortality rate of 75%. Outbreaks have been observed in southeast Asian countries, including Singapore, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India. As of September 24, 2023, 6 confirmed cases of the NiV had been reported, including 2 fatalities in the Kozhikode District in Northern Kerala, India. In January and February of 2023, this virus sparked an epidemic in Bangladesh. Bats are important hosts for zoonotic viruses such as the NiV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and others; nevertheless, relatively little is known about the ecological determinants and dynamics of these viruses' propagation in their reservoir hosts. Therefore, this review assessed early detection, data integration, community awareness, and resource limitations. Moreover, it gives specific future directions, emphasizing the urgency of vaccine and antiviral development, genomic surveillance advancements, case studies, healthcare system reinforcement, and intensified global collaboration. By addressing these issues, the One Health approach emerges as a vital and proactive strategy for NiV prevention, ensuring comprehensive preparedness and response mechanisms against future outbreaks.

Keywords:
Nipah virus
Zoonotic disease
One Health approach
Epidemic prevention
Early detection
Global collaboration
Resumen

Los brotes de enfermedades zoonóticas son con frecuencia eventos erráticos e inusuales que podrían tener consecuencias catastróficas. Hasta el 24 de septiembre de 2023, se habían notificado seis casos confirmados del virus Nipah (NiV), incluidas dos muertes en el distrito de Kozhikode, en el norte de Kerala, India. En enero y febrero de 2023, este virus provocó una epidemia en Bangladesh. Por lo tanto, es fundamental reflexionar detenidamente sobre este virus antes de que se propague por todo el mundo y se convierta en una pandemia. Los murciélagos son huéspedes importantes de virus zoonóticos como el virus Nipah (NiV), el SARS-CoV-2, el virus del Ébola y otros; sin embargo, se sabe relativamente poco sobre los determinantes ecológicos y la dinámica de la propagación de estos virus en sus reservorios. Esta revisión evaluó la detección temprana, la integración de datos, la conciencia comunitaria y las limitaciones de recursos. Además, brinda direcciones futuras específicas, enfatizando la urgencia del desarrollo de vacunas y antivirales, los avances en la vigilancia genómica, los estudios de casos, el refuerzo del sistema de salud y una colaboración global intensificada. Al abordar estos problemas y aplicar estas estrategias, el enfoque Una Salud emerge como una estrategia vital y proactiva para la prevención del virus Nipah, garantizando mecanismos integrales de preparación y respuesta contra futuros brotes.

Palabras clave:
Virus Nipah
Enfermedad zoonótica
Un enfoque de salud
Prevención de epidemia
Detección temprana
Colaboración global

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