array:23 [ "pii" => "S2445146024000360" "issn" => "24451460" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacune.2024.05.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "321" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2023" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Vacunas. 2024;25:193-202" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2445146024000372" "issn" => "24451460" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacune.2024.05.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "335" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Vacunas. 2024;25:203-13" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Knowledge, attitudes, and adherence of the Cape Verdean population to the COVID-19 vaccine" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "203" "paginaFinal" => "213" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Maria de Fátima Carvalho Alves, Janice de Jesus Soares, Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria" "apellidos" => "de Fátima Carvalho Alves" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Janice" "apellidos" => "de Jesus Soares" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria" "apellidos" => "da Luz Lima Mendonça" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2445146024000372?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/24451460/0000002500000002/v1_202406161040/S2445146024000372/v1_202406161040/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2445146024000359" "issn" => "24451460" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacune.2024.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "320" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Vacunas. 2024;25:181-92" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Perceptions, attitude, and knowledge of Saudi parents towards the human papilloma virus vaccine" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "192" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Percepciones, actitud y conocimiento de los padres saudíes hacia la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0025" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 1052 "Ancho" => 1535 "Tamanyo" => 90147 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0025" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acceptance of HPV vaccine in relation to awareness that HPV infection causes cervical cancer.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul, Fatemah Saad Allihaydan, Rania Hisham Elfaham, Lina Abdulaziz Ahmed Baragaa, Shireen Hisham Elfaham, Nahlaa Saad Allihaydan, Abdulrahman Khalid Alswat, Salam Omar Alhilal, Reem Saleh Alzaki, Walaa Ebrahim Jaafar Jasim, Yousef Ahmed Alduhailan, Abdullah Dhafer Alshehri, Saeed Ayidh Alshahrani, Abdulrahman Musaed Al Sumaih" "autores" => array:14 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Muazzam Sheriff" "apellidos" => "Maqbul" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fatemah Saad" "apellidos" => "Allihaydan" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rania Hisham" "apellidos" => "Elfaham" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lina Abdulaziz Ahmed" "apellidos" => "Baragaa" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Shireen Hisham" "apellidos" => "Elfaham" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nahlaa Saad" "apellidos" => "Allihaydan" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Abdulrahman Khalid" "apellidos" => "Alswat" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Salam Omar" "apellidos" => "Alhilal" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Reem Saleh" "apellidos" => "Alzaki" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Walaa Ebrahim Jaafar" "apellidos" => "Jasim" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yousef Ahmed" "apellidos" => "Alduhailan" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Abdullah Dhafer" "apellidos" => "Alshehri" ] 12 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Saeed Ayidh" "apellidos" => "Alshahrani" ] 13 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Abdulrahman Musaed" "apellidos" => "Al Sumaih" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2445146024000359?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/24451460/0000002500000002/v1_202406161040/S2445146024000359/v1_202406161040/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Correlation analysis of gene expression between children with type 1 diabetes and Coxsackie viruses B" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "193" "paginaFinal" => "202" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Zeyad Thonnoon Al-Rrassam" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Zeyad Thonnoon" "apellidos" => "Al-Rrassam" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dr.zeyadalrassam@uomosul.edu.iq" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Dept. of Medical Physics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análisis de correlación de la expresión génica entre niños con diabetes tipo 1 y virus Coxsackie B" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0025" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 3754 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 1416662 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0025" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Expression levels of the 12 investigated profile genes vary considerably between the control and infected PANC-1 cells with CVB1.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Introduction</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Type 1 diabetic (T1D) is a type of diabetes mellitus that makes up approximately 5%–10% of all diabetes cases. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels caused by a decrease or loss of insulin-producing β-cells in the Langerhans islets of the pancreas, resulting in insufficient insulin production. T1D is a chronic condition that is associated with the malfunction or failure of various organs throughout a person's life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The initial stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are categorized as an autoimmune condition, characterized by the improper activation of the immune system in both its innate and adaptive components. This misguided activation causes the immune system to erroneously focus on and assault the insulin-producing beta cells within the pancreas. As a consequence, these beta cells are either destroyed or their ability to produce insulin is diminished.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T1D is typically diagnosed within the first 7 years of life and necessitates lifelong treatment involving daily insulin injections. Unfortunately, this chronic condition is associated with complications that can reduce the average life expectancy of individuals affected by T1D.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> At present, around 15 million people globally are impacted by T1D, and there has been a noticeable rise in fresh instances in the past few decades. This implies that the development of T1D is the result of an intricate interplay between genetic elements and external forces.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In reality, over 40 external factors have been linked to T1D, with viral infections being among these factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is a notion that T1D might have a connection with certain viruses, like enteroviruses. Enteroviruses, which encompass over a hundred diverse types, are frequently detected in children, but their presence has also been confirmed in adults.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> These viruses play a significant role in triggering the disease by exposing the beta cells, making them susceptible to recognition by cytotoxic T cells, leading to their destruction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Some researchers conducted an association between Coxsackie B viruses and the onset of T1D.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11–13</span></a></p><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coxsackie viruses B (CVB) are composed of 6 different serotypes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In patients with T1D, positive cellular immune responses have been observed in relation to viral antigens from CVB, particularly after the onset of the disease. Additionally, evidence from animal studies has demonstrated the detection of Coxsackie B viral protein in the beta cells of the islets shortly after inoculation in mice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> CVB employs multiple receptors for cellular entry, with one of them being the Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Among individuals affected by T1D, there is an up-regulation in the levels of CAR expression. This increase is a result of the infected beta cells producing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Notably, T1D triggers an elevation in CAR expression primarily within the pancreatic beta cells. However, it's important to acknowledge that other receptors also play a role in facilitating the virus's internalization.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with robust statistical power have discovered over 60 regions in the human genome that exhibit increased vulnerability to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Mounting evidence suggests that disease-related SNPs have the capacity to modify gene expression by engaging in spatial interactions with distant regions, in a manner that is specific to the tissue and developmental stage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between CVB antibodies and T1D patients. In order to examine the alterations in gene expression during persistent CVB1 infection in individuals with type 1 diabetes, a previous study employed microarray technology. RNA samples were sequenced and the study analyzed the changes in expression of 3936 genes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0030">Materials and methods</span><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was carried out on a total number of 76 persons referred to the private clinics in Mosul City from January 2022 to December 2022. This study included 54 patients suffering from T1D, and 22 of healthy control. (CVB) IgG ELISA Kit (Abbexa Ltd. Cambridge, UK) was tested for all serum samples. HbA1c test was performed using kit from Genrui biotech.</p><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To examine gene expression, an investigation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> utilized 2 distinct models of continuous CVB1 infection in human pancreatic ductal cell lines (PANC-1). Following the initial infection, immunoblot analysis was conducted for both persistent infection models for a duration of 300–322 days. The RNA was meticulously purified and verified using the Analytical Fragment Analyzer, and the concentrations of the gene libraries were measured. We evaluate gene expression of approximately 3900 genes was performed using computational informatics tools (STRING, BioGPS, ULKCAN, GEO2R, R package, ShinyGO v0.741, iDEP 1.1, Meatscape, KEGG, and UAMP). We select the top 250 out of 3900 genes for analyzing expression.</p><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0035">Statistical analysis</span><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, statistical calculations were accomplished using SPSS version 19 to calculate mean, standard deviation, and standard error. Correlation coefficient was calculated with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P-</span>value <<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01 between variables.</p></span></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Results</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">Table 1</a> displays the descriptive analysis of the age of the participants and their CVB IgG serum levels. The correlation coefficient between age and CVB IgG levels is significant coefficient with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the findings of this study, the serum level of CVB IgG in patients with T1D is higher compared to that of the control group, as illustrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>A. Additionally, based on the recorded data, it is observed that the CVB IgG levels in infected males are higher than those in females, as depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>B.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HbA1c levels showed significant correlation between patients and control groups at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001, whereas no significant differences according to gender. Significant differences in the means of CVB IgG titer between T1D patients and control groups. There is no correlation differences in the means of CVB IgG positive titer were seen according to the gender.</p><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After assessing the expression of approximately 3900 genes from the GEO database (ID: GSE184831), a comprehensive analysis was conducted and documented in the supplementary file.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> A volcano plot was generated to depict the differential expression of all examined genes, plotting the statistical significance (-log10 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P-</span>value) against the magnitude of change (log2 fold) between control PANC-1 cells and infected PANC-1 cells with CVB1. The plot showcases steady expression near zero with black dots, down-regulated genes with blue dots, and up-regulated genes with red dots. The graph includes information about the number of neighboring genes used in the analysis, indicated by the logarithmic scale (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>A).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>B, using a log10 scale and a significance threshold of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05, indicates a statistically significant overlap between the control and infected cells in terms of gene expression variation.</p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>C presents the pattern of average log expression and mean-variance for approximately 3900 probes. The samples are color-coded and grouped accordingly. The dispersion width was estimated to assess the suitability of the selected samples for differential expression analysis. Most genes, represented by the blue-colored dispersion, closely align with the red-fitted gene line. The gene values of infected cells can be divided into 2 parts: one part closely resembling the distribution of control sample values, and the other part diverging in the opposite direction. This suggests that the data are mutually comparable.</p><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To visualize the relationships between different samples, the regular clustered approximation and projection method, specifically the UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) technique, can be employed to determine the number of dimensions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>D).</p><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The box plot was employed to differentiate the values between the control and infected cell groups. The data points are concentrated around the median, suggesting that the data has been normalized and are comparable. In other words, all the chosen samples exhibit the same distribution of values (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Fig. 3</a>A). There is a noticeable correlation in the frequencies of the padj-values across all genes, specifically starting from the first 800 genes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Fig. 3</a>B). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Fig. 3</a>C displays the dendrogram tree depicting the interesting module genes. These genes are divided into 4 distinct groups based on their ancestral relationships.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After conducting GEO2R analysis, a selection was made of the top 250 genes for additional examination. The STRING tool was utilized to explore protein–protein interactions. Based on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0020">Fig. 4</a>A, approximately 60 genes out of 3900 genes were found to be associated. Expression tree for all genes presents in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0020">Fig. 4</a>B.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the initial set of 250 genes, we have further narrowed down our analysis to focus on 12 specific genes. These genes have been divided into 2 groups based on their expression levels. The first group consists of 6 genes that show down-regulation in infected cells, while the second group comprises 6 genes that exhibit up-regulation in infected cells with CVB1. This information can be found in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">Table 2</a> and visualized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0025">Fig. 5</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The protein–protein interaction analysis was conducted for the 12 selected genes. Interestingly, a correlation was found between only 2 genes, PKPK2 and GJA1 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0030">Fig. 6</a>A). To explore the compatibility of the remaining genes, their associations were grouped with nearby genes. This observation suggests that the proteins encoded by DDR2, IGFBPL1, IGFBP5, and CSF1 might also exhibit correlations or interactions with each other (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0030">Fig. 6</a>B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ULKCAN tool was utilized to create a heat map illustrating the chosen genes and calculate the logarithm base 2 of their expression levels. When the selected genes were applied to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), the most highly expressed genes associated with the cancer were identified as IGFBP5, GPNMB, and GJA1 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0035">Fig. 7</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further analysis was conducted using the R project. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0040">Fig. 8</a>A illustrates the expression levels of all genes. Among them, 11 genes were specifically associated with DDR2 and are displayed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0040">Fig. 8</a>B. The distribution of genes varies noticeably in relation to the first gene. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0040">Fig. 8</a>C depicts the degree of expression variability using color, measured by algorithm score of 2 for each gene.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0040"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The previous study highlighted the significant impact of persistent CVB1 infection on genes linked with pancreatic β-cell function. Cell adhesion, a crucial aspect of tissue structure, occurs through interactions between cells or cell–matrix junctions. These specific junctions are composed of clusters of cell adhesion proteins present on the cell surface. They play a crucial role in preserving the integrity of tissues by ensuring tissue barrier function and facilitating seamless communication and direct contact between cells within the tissues.</p></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Discussion</span><p id="p0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuing research consistently confirms the correlation between CVB infection and T1D. Histopathological examinations of the pancreas provide convincing evidence, though conclusive evidence of causation is yet to be established and necessitates human trials. The destruction of beta cells can be primarily attributed to either the CVB itself or weakened immune defenses. Therefore, the creation of a CVB vaccine was considered essential to protect beta cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> A recent study demonstrated a correlation between CVB1 and an elevated risk of pancreatic β-cell autoimmunity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="p0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore, a research investigation noted a correlation between fulminant T1D and the occurrence of CVB1 infection during pregnancy. Conversely, individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes exhibited a higher prevalence of the CVB4 strain. As a result, the CVB4 variant was suggested as a plausible factor contributing to the progression of T1D.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="p0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CVB2 infections are typically mild and often result in cold-like symptoms. In severe cases, however, CVB2 can lead to cardiomyopathy or meningitis. Despite these potential complications, there is no evidence correlation between CVB2 and T1D.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="p0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the current results, we found a significant correlation between CVB IgG serum levels and age in the range of 3–18 years. However, no correlation coefficient was observed between CVB IgG levels and gender. These findings are consistent with previous studies conducted on the subject.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="p0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general, the development of T1D is influenced by a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> In this particular study, it was found that 19 out of the T1D patients had a family history of diabetes, indicating an association with genetic factors. On the other hand, 25 patients had no family history of diabetes, suggesting that non-genetic factors may play a role in their T1D development.</p><p id="p0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Substantial evidence substantiates the idea that the origin of T1D is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. It's noteworthy that at least 10% of children who are diagnosed with T1D have a family member who also suffers from the same condition. This underlines the presence of a genetic susceptibility that, in combination with environmental catalysts, plays a role in initiating the development of type 1 diabetes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="p0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When comparing HbA1c levels between the patient and control groups, notable and statistically significant disparities emerged, with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value of less than .001. However, there were no significant variations in HbA1c levels based on gender between patients and controls. This outcome aligns with prior research findings that have reported similar outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="p0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, a significant correlation in the mean levels of CVB IgG titer was observed between the patients and control groups. This finding aligns with a previous study that reported the susceptibility of human beta cells to infection with enteroviruses, particularly in patients infected with CVB.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Furthermore, experiments conducted using isolated human islets have demonstrated the susceptibility of insulin-producing β-cells to CVB infection and replication.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="p0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have confirmed that gene expression undergoes fluctuations over time,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> especially in response to different infections. For this study, our primary focus was on patients diagnosed with T1D, with a significant number of them having a hereditary condition along with a concurrent CVB infection. Since infections can lead to variations in gene expression, it was essential to examine and compare this expression to the normal state. To accomplish this, we narrowed down the number of genes under scrutiny from several thousand to 250, which spanned a spectrum of gene expression levels from low to high. Typically, outliers of expression are observed to deviate from the expected patterns.</p><p id="p0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0025">Fig. 5</a>, a total of 12 genes were chosen from the pool of 250 genes to investigate the variability in gene expression. Among these genes, DDR2, GJA1, PKP2, GPNMB, IGFBP5, and IGFBPL1 exhibited lower expression levels in T1D patients compared to the control group. On the other hand, CSF1, SPATS2L, PLEKHO1, IL17RB, EBI3, and LBR genes showed higher expression levels in T1D patients compared to the control group.</p><p id="p0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Upon analyzing the gene expression data for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, it was observed that IGFBP5, GPNMB, and GJA1 exhibited a strong association with this particular disease, as indicated by the heat map. These findings highlight the significance of conducting a detailed study on these genes and their potential role in understanding the disease's pathogenesis through alterations in their expression levels. Further investigation into these genes could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying PAAD.</p><p id="p0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, the analysis of differentially expressed genes in models of persistent CVB1 infection involved gene ontology analysis. This analysis revealed a notable enrichment of genes associated with the regulation of the extracellular matrix and cell adhesion. It was observed that these genes are significantly related to the biological metabolic processes occurring within the cell. Consequently, the identification of physiological pathways and interactions among these genes becomes possible. This finding suggests that monitoring the physiological pathways of these genes could potentially serve as a novel and promising approach, potentially leading to interventions that modify their expression. Such interventions may hold promise for enhancing treatment plans in the future.</p><p id="p0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A prior study provided evidence of a strong connection between enterovirus infection, specifically CVB, and the development of T1D.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="p0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enterovirus infections are responsible for the damage to β cells. Recent research has demonstrated that CVB1 is connected to an increased likelihood of β-cell autoimmunity, while CVB3 and CVB6 are linked to a reduced risk of T1D development. The diverse strains of enteroviruses might exert varying influences on T1D development due to genetic variations present in the viruses' genomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="p0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The tropism of CVB for islet cells has been confirmed in-vivo in the pancreas of neonates who died after being infected with a lethal CVB. CVB has also been detected in pancreas biopsies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The ability of CVB to target and infect β-cells depends on the presence of essential receptors that facilitate the binding and internalization of the virus. One potential receptor involved is the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR). CAR supports the entry of various viruses associated with T1D, especially specific isoforms of CAR (CAR-SIV) that are expressed within β-cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> On the other hand, the presence of CAR antibodies can block CAR receptors and prevent CVB4 and CVB5 infection of β-cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Conclusion</span><p id="p0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T1D shows a significant association with CVB. The T1D is influenced by a combination of both genetic and non-genetic factors. The expression of certain genes is notably linked to the biological metabolic processes taking place within cells. Specifically, IGFBP5, GPNMB, and GJA1 demonstrated a robust association with this disease. Our research indicates that monitoring the physiological pathways of these genes may present a novel and promising approach, potentially leading to interventions that can modify their expression and offer potential avenues for treatment.</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0055">Funding</span><p id="p0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was done with self-supporting.</p></span><span id="s0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0060">Author contributions</span><p id="p0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Designing the idea, choosing programs, writing the manuscript, using software, writing the results, analyze, and clarifying the purpose of the study were done by the corresponding author.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2166822" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "as0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837588" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837589" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2166821" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "as0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "s0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0035" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0040" "titulo" => "Author contributions" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack752078" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-08-09" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-09-01" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837588" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Coxsackie viruses B" 1 => "Type 1 diabetes T1D" 2 => "Gene expression" 3 => "IgG" ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "clase" => "jel" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837589" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "virus Coxsackie B" 1 => "diabetes tipo 1 T1D" 2 => "expresión génica" 3 => "IgG" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Type 1 diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disorder. Researchers observed the presence of viral Coxsackie virus B proteins within the β-cells in islets shortly after inoculating mice. This observation led them to establish a link between children who have T1D and an infection with the CVB. The objective of this research was to measure the degree of gene expression of highly expressed genes in individuals who were both infected with Coxsackie viruses B and previously had T1D. Additionally, levels of CVB IgG and HbA1c were assessed in the blood serum of patients with T1D.This correlation was assessed by analyzing the expression of genes with significantly extreme expression levels using logarithmic analysis with specialized mathematical software. This study revealed that there is an association between CVB IgG and HbA1c levels in T1D patients. Additionally, T1D patients with a family history of diabetes showed associations with genetic factors and gene expression. Interestingly, no significant differences in HbA1c levels were observed between patients based on their gender. Furthermore, the genes IGFBP5, GPNMB, and GJA1 exhibited a strong association with CVB. We propose a new strategy that may open up new therapy options for T1D caused by CVB through monitoring the physiological pathways of these genes.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La diabetes tipo 1 se clasifica como un trastorno autoinmune. Los investigadores observaron la presencia de proteínas virales del virus Coxsackie B dentro de las células β en los islotes poco después de inocular a los ratones. Esta observación los llevó a establecer un vínculo entre los niños con diabetes tipo 1 y una infección por CVB. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir el grado de expresión genética de genes altamente expresados en personas que estaban infectadas con el virus Coxsackie B y que previamente tenían diabetes Tipo 1. Además, se evaluaron los niveles de CVB IgG y HbA1c en el suero sanguíneo de pacientes con diabetes tipo 1. Esta correlación se evaluó analizando la expresión de genes con niveles de expresión significativamente extremos mediante análisis logarítmico con software matemático especializado. Este estudio reveló que existe una asociación entre los niveles de CVB IgG y HbA1c en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1. Además, los pacientes con diabetes tipo 1 y antecedentes familiares de diabetes mostraron asociaciones con factores genéticos y expresión genética. Curiosamente, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de HbA1c entre los pacientes según su sexo. Además, los genes IGFBP5, GPNMB y GJA1 mostraron una fuerte asociación con CVB. Proponemos una nueva estrategia que puede abrir nuevas opciones de terapia para la diabetes tipo 1 causada por CVB mediante el seguimiento de las vías fisiológicas de estos genes.</p></span>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1067 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 431622 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) CVB IgG levels in T1D and control groups. (B) CVB IgG level according to the gender.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2338 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 490576 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Volcano plot: Prevalence of genes between control PANC-1 and infected PANC-1 with CVB1. Black dots indicate normal gene expression at zero, blue dots indicate down-regulation, and red dots refer to the up-regulation at log 2. (B) Highly variance distribution between expression genes at log 10. (C) Log expression and mean-variance among<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≈<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3900 probes. (D) UMAP plot performs the distribution of samples related to their colors.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1777 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 358789 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0015" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Box plot of the 2 study groups reflects the standardization and comparability of the data. (B) Frequencies of padj-values for all interesting genes. (C) Dendrogram tree of the interested genes.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1654 "Ancho" => 3150 "Tamanyo" => 579646 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0020" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) P–P interaction of 250 genes using STRING tool. (B) Expression level of 250 genes.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0025" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 3754 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 1416662 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0025" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Expression levels of the 12 investigated profile genes vary considerably between the control and infected PANC-1 cells with CVB1.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0030" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 1413 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 352814 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0030" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">P–P interaction between selected 12 genes. (A) Only 2 of the original 12 proteins are associated (PKPK2 & GJA1). (B) In addition to the nearby proteins, 4 more proteins show linked (DDR2, IGFBPL1, IGFBP5, and CSF1).</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0035" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 7" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr7.jpeg" "Alto" => 1481 "Ancho" => 2165 "Tamanyo" => 338167 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0035" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Heat map of the expression pattern of input selected 12 genes in PAAD.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0040" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 8" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr8.jpeg" "Alto" => 1067 "Ancho" => 3406 "Tamanyo" => 209838 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0040" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Expression level for selected genes. (B) Distribution 11 genes according to the DDR2. (C) Degree expression for selected gene starting from down-regulation in blue color to the up-regulation with red color.</p>" ] ] 8 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0045" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean: Std. error \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Std. deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sig. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.623 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.430 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.328<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tf0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">⁎⁎</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CVB IgG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.15787<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.003538 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.030841 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.328<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tf0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">⁎⁎</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3570008.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tf0005" "etiqueta" => "**" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="np0005">Correlation coefficient at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive analysis of participant’s age and CBV IgG serum level.</p>" ] ] 9 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0050" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blue genes: Down-regulation expression. Red genes: Up-regulation expression.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene ID \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">padj \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-value</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lfc SE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Log2 fold change \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Base mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Symbol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Description \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4921 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.99E-71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.10E-75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.2412 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.416 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">356 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DDR2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2697 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.00E-63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.66E-66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.4663 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.033 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">868.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">GJA1</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gap junction protein alpha 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5318 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.17E-27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.76E-30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.6221 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.085 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">PKP2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Plakophilin 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10457 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.33E-23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.11E-26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5234 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.532 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">GPNMB</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Glycoprotein Nmb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3488 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.91E-17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.39E-20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.9549 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.685 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">IGFBP5</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">347252 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.82E-10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.29E-11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1052 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.712 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">400.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">IGFBPL1</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Insulin like growth factor binding protein like 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1435 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.17E-62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.48E-66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1649 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−2.833 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2181.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">CSF1</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Colony stimulating factor 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.25E-30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.87E-33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1035 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−1.242 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5728.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">SPATS2L</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spermatogenesis associated serine rich 2 like \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51177 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.30E-29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.04E-31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1921 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−2.251 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">139.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">PLEKHO1</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pleckstrin homology domain containing O1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55540 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.75E-21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.61E-23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1507 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−1.506 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">436.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">IL17RB</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Interleukin 17 receptor B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10148 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.64E-12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.48E-14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.226 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−1.723 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">178 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">EBI3</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epstein-Barr virus induced 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3930 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.27E-10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.97E-12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1455 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−1.015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1844.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">LBR</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lamin B receptor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3570009.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Description of selected 12 genes and their IDs.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:38 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => 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"referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coxsackievirus B1 is associated with induction of β-cell autoimmunity that portends type 1 diabetes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "O.H. Laitinen" 1 => "H. Honkanen" 2 => "O. Pakkanen" 3 => "S. Oikarinen" 4 => "M.M. Hankaniemi" 5 => "H. Huhtala" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2337/db13-0619" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes." "fecha" => "2014 Feb" "volumen" => "63" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "446" "paginaFinal" => "455" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23974921" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enterovirus RNA in blood is linked to the development of type 1 diabetes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Oikarinen" 1 => "M. Martiskainen" 2 => "S. Tauriainen" 3 => "H. Huhtala" 4 => "J. Ilonen" 5 => "R. Veijola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2337/db10-0186" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes." "fecha" => "2011 Jan" "volumen" => "60" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "276" "paginaFinal" => "279" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943747" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0035" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of Coxsackie virus B in type 1 diabetes-brief review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G.P. Manderwad" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Genet Disord." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "1" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "3" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0040" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Viruses and type 1 diabetes: from enteroviruses to the virome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S.R. Isaacs" 1 => "D.B. Foskett" 2 => "A.J. Maxwell" 3 => "E.J. Ward" 4 => "C.L. Faulkner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3390/microorganisms9071519" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Microorganisms." 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Journal Information
Original article
Correlation analysis of gene expression between children with type 1 diabetes and Coxsackie viruses B
Análisis de correlación de la expresión génica entre niños con diabetes tipo 1 y virus Coxsackie B
Zeyad Thonnoon Al-Rrassam
Dept. of Medical Physics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq