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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "102" "paginaFinal" => "107" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Elif Ersoy Çallıoğlu, Kazım Bozdemir, Şadan Soyyiğit, Saliha Atalay, Bengi Arslan" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Elif Ersoy" "apellidos" => "Çallıoğlu" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "elifersoy78@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Kazım" "apellidos" => "Bozdemir" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Şadan" "apellidos" => "Soyyiğit" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Saliha" "apellidos" => "Atalay" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Bengi" "apellidos" => "Arslan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Department of Allergy and İmmunology, Ankara, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El papel de la rinitis alérgica y no alérgica en el éxito de la timpanoplastia de cartílago tipo 1" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The graft success rate and hearing gain after type 1 tympanoplasty has been reported in a wide range.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> The graft success depends upon a number of factors including size of tympanic membrane perforation, type of graft material, damage of chronic otitis media in the middle ear, Eustachian tube dysfunction and smoking.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of researchers have reported the negative effects of nasal mucosal disorders, including allergic rhinitis (AR), and Eustachian tube dysfunction on the middle ear and mastoid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–10</span></a> Moreover, nasopharynx, middle ear and Eustachian tube mucosa may be involved in case of allergic inflammation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8–11</span></a> It has been reported that patients with otitis media with effusion had a higher prevalence for AR.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite high prevalence of AR, which is reported as 10–50% in the general population<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–15</span></a> and its proven effect in middle ear and Eustachian tube mucosa, the effect of laboratory test (prick test or in vitro specific IgE)-confirmed AR on success of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty in patients pre- and postoperatively treated for AR has not been studied before.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, we investigated the effects of AR and NAR on the graft success rate and hearing gain in patients who had type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study population and groups</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This prospective study was conducted in Ankara City Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Clinic between 2019 and 2021. The study protocol was approved by Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date: June 6, 2020, decree no: 26379996/36). The exclusion criteria were presence of otorrhea, granulation tissue, tympanosclerosis or cholesteatoma in the middle ear, ossicular chain discontinuity, current smoking, history of any chronic disorders including diabetes, chronic renal or liver disorders, autoimmune disorders, or hypo- or hyperthyroidism. The inclusion criteria were presence of central or marginal perforations greater than 50% of the surface are of the tympanic membrane and absence of any exclusion criteria.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 60 adult patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. They were informed about the study protocol, and provided their written informed consents.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A detailed medical history was obtained and otorhinolaryngological examination was performed in all patients. All patients were questioned for rhinitis symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching in the upper airway). Besides routine preoperative investigations, all patients were consulted to Allergy and Immunology Department for in vivo (prick test) and in vitro (specific and total IgE levels in serum) tests. The patients were divided into three groups:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No rhinitis group: 28 patients without any symptoms of rhinitis and negative prick and serum specific IgE tests.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) group: 18 patients with rhinitis symptoms and negative skin prick and serum specific IgE tests.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Allergic rhinitis (AR) group: 14 patients with rhinitis symptoms and positive prick and/or serum specific IgE tests.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The AR group was treated with intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines, and NAR group was treated with intranasal corticosteroids starting 2 weeks before surgery, and for 4 weeks postoperatively. Rhinitis treatment was discontinued if the patient did not have any rhinitis symptoms 4 weeks after surgery.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Surgical procedure</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The surgical protocol was standardized in the patients in all three study groups. Surgery was carried out under general anesthesia, using postauricular approach. A chondropericondrial island graft obtained from cymba concha was used to repair tympanic membrane through an over-underlay technique in all patients.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients were called for follow up two weeks after surgery and the gelatin sponges in the external ear canal were suctioned. Then, the patients were followed up monthly for a minimum follow-up period of 6 months (range: 6–24 months, mean 13.1 months Any re-perforation during the follow-up period was regarded as unsuccessful result for type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty. The audiological tests included in the statistical analysis were performed on postoperative 6th month. The criteria for a successful type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty were regarded as both an intact grafted tympanic membrane and improvement in air-bone gap.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Allergy tests</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Skin prick test</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin prick tests were carried out with a standard panel consisting of grass mix (Timothy, Orchard, June, Redtop, Meadow Fescue, Perennial Rye, Sweet Vernal), Secale cereale, weed mix (Cocklebur, Rough Pigweed, English Plantain, Chenopodium Album), trees (Betula verrucosa, Willow tree, Cupressus arizonica, Populus, Olive Tree), molds (Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum) cat and dog dander, house-dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae), cockroach (Blatella germanica) (ALK®, Hørsholm, Denmark). Histamine dihydrochloride (10 mg/mL) was used as the positive control and physiologic saline was used as the negative control. A wheal (edema with erythema) of at least 3 mm or greater than the negative control in diameter after 20 min was considered as a positive reaction.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Determination of specific and total IgE levels</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The levels of allergen spesific IgE [Mite mix (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides microceras, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Glycyphagus domesticus, Euroglyphus maynei, Blomia tropicalis) grass mix (Viscum album, Festuca, Lolium temulentum, Phleum pratense, Poa Pratensis), weed mix (Senecio vulgaris, Artemisia vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata, Chenopodium album, Silybum Marianum), trees mix (Quercus petraea, Ulmaceae, Platanus orientalis, Salix, Populus) animal dander mix (Cat, dog, horse, cow), mold mix (Penicillium notatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus, fumigatus, Candida albicans, Alternaria tenius)] were quantified using the solid-phase, two-step chemiluminescent immunoassay system according to the recommendations of the manufacturer (Siemens, Immulite 2000 XP, USA). For allergen specific IgE, the reference value was accepted as >0.35 kUA/L. Total IgE levels were measured using 2-site sandwich immunoassay technology using direct chemiluminescence (Siemens, Atellica, IM 1600, Ireland).</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of data was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25.0 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Discrete numerical variables were tested for a normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk test, and the assumption of homogeneity of variances was examined with the Levene test. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th–75th percentile) for discrete numerical variables, while categorical variables were presented as number of cases and percent. For discrete numerical variables where parametric test assumptions were met between the groups, the significance of the difference between two groups was analyzed with Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test, and the significance of the differences among more than two independent groups was analyzed with One-Way ANOVA. Mann Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test was employed for the significance of the difference between two groups in terms of discrete numerical variables for which the parametric test statistics assumptions were not met, and the significance of the differences among more than two independent groups was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis test. Wilcoxon Sign test was used to determine in-group differences of the pre- and post-operative air-bone gaps. Pearson's χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used in the analysis of categorical data, unless stated otherwise. If the expected frequency was below 5 in at least ¼ of the cells in the 2 × 2 crosstabs, the categorical data were evaluated with Fisher's exact probability test, and continuity corrected χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used when the expected frequency was between 5−25. RxC (in case at least one of the categorical variables in the row or column had more than two results) was analyzed with the Fisher Freeman Halton test if the expected frequency was below 5 in at least ¼ of the cells in the analysis of the categorical data in the crosstabs. The results were considered as statistically significant in case of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.05.</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three study groups were similar for age, gender distributions and preoperative air-bone gaps (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.780, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.167 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.676, respectively) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1, 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In AR group, the most common allergen hypersensitivity was for grasses (42.9%) followed by weeds (35.7%), trees (28.6%), molds (21.4%) and cockroach (7.1%).</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows that all three study groups showed significant improvements in terms of air-bone gaps in the postoperative period. Postoperative air-bone gaps were also similar among three study groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.414). The comparison of three study groups for change in the postoperative air bone gaps in comparison with preoperative air bone gaps did not yield any statistically significant result (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.729) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Postoperative graft perforation rate was 0% in no-rhinitis and AR groups while it was 16.7% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 3) in NAR group, with a significant difference among three groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.034).</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Allergic rhinitis is an entity that is detected at a high rate in the community and has a prevalence ranging from 10 to 54% in studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–15</span></a> Although its negative effects on the middle ear and mastoid are known and its prevalence is high in the community, research on its effect in chronic otitis surgery is insufficient. It is obvious that the effect of this pathology, which is so common in the community and shown to be effective in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion, in chronic otitis surgery should be investigated. The effect of allergy on surgical success in chronic otitis media surgery is not taken into account in treatment planning. By knowing the effect of allergy on the success of tympanoplasty operation, allergy treatment and surgical treatment can be combined to increase graft success rates.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study investigated the effect of laboratory-confirmed AR on the success of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty prospectively for the first time in the literature, and our results indicated that AR did not result in failure of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty in patients treated for rhinitis compared to the control group, however NAR did.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The success rate of type 1 tympanoplasty has been the subject of a number of studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,16</span></a> Chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction affects the viability of the graft after surgery besides a number of factors including the size of the tympanic membrane perforation, presence of infection or cholesteatoma in the middle ear, the type of the grafting material, and presence of diabetes or smoking.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It has been shown that AR results in Eustachian tube dysfunction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–10</span></a> The mediators and cytokines involved in allergic inflammation cause nasal and nasopharyngeal edema and hypersecretion resulting in Eustachian tube dysfunction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8–11</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been reported that the patients with chronic otitis media with effusion had a higher prevalence for AR,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12,17</span></a> as high as 89%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> A study on 87 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion reported that AR affected Eustachian tube functions resulting in alterations in the middle ear pressure and causing hearing impairment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In 2020, Yang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> found epithelial edema and thickening, cilia dysregulation and significantly higher eosinophil infiltration and mast cell degranulation in the submucosal region of the Eustachian tube compared to the controls in an experimental eosinophilic otitis media model, and concluded that allergy resulted in significant alterations in the mucosal morphology of Eustachian tube and affected its function causing eosinophilic otitis media. On the other hand, data on the prevalence of AR in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is conflicting. Nemati el al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> found prevalence of AR significantly higher in patients with CSOM compared to the controls, however Bakhshaee et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> did not show any significant difference in the prevalence of AR in the CSOM patients compared to the controls.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The type of graft material has been shown to affect graft success rate after type 1 tympanoplasty. Numerous authors reported higher graft success rate with cartilage tympanoplasty compared to temporalis fascia, and reported the graft success rate of cartilage grafts as high as 100%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,16,21</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> It has been suggested that cartilage grafts offer better strength and stability to resist infection and/or negative middle ear pressure and cope with insufficient vascular supply, however they may result in a less functional outcome in terms of restoring hearing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In our study, we used chondropericondrial island graft in order to have a strong graft that could resist middle ear pressure alterations caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction due to rhinitis. In our study, graft perforation was seen only in NAR group (16.7%), with a significant difference among three groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.034).</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a previous retrospective study, we compared 26 patients untreated for AR with 95 patients without rhinitis for success of type 1 tympanoplasty and found graft perforation rate as 19.2% in patients without rhinitis and as 10.5% in patients with AR (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.311).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> However, aforementioned study had some limitations: First, graft type was not standardized; either cartilage or temporalis fascia was used, second the AR patients were not treated for rhinitis, third the diagnosis of rhinitis was not based on laboratory tests such as prick test, but on SFAR (Score For Allergic Rhinitis),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and fourth audiological tests were not performed. Therefore, we conducted this prospective study to overcome aforementioned limitations.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although cartilage grafts have been claimed to cause unfavorable postoperative hearing results,<span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span> we found significant closure of air bone gap in no-allergy, NAR and AR groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.001, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.001 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.013, respectively). Postoperative air-bone gaps were similar among three study groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.414). The comparison of three study groups for change in the postoperative air bone gaps in comparison with preoperative air bone gaps did not yield any statistically significant result (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.729) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). Those results suggest that AR does not negatively affect postoperative hearing gain in patients undergoing type 1 tympanoplasty.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has some limitations. The number of the patients included in AR and NAR groups is relatively small. Re-perforation rate and postoperative hearing gain after type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty may show differences in a larger series. Further prospective studies on a larger patient population are needed to reach more comprehensive results.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conclusion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AR does not cause failure of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty in patients treated for rhinitis, however NAR does. Pre- and postoperative treatment of patients for rhinitis and employment of cartilage graft may be the key factors for success of surgery in patients with AR.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no conflict of interest or financial support in this study.</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Compliance with ethical standarts</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest, no funding.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All participants contributed at all stages of manuscript.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has not been presented in any meeting.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2101548" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1790645" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2101549" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1790646" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study population and groups" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Surgical procedure" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Allergy tests" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Skin prick test" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Determination of specific and total IgE levels" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Compliance with ethical standarts" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-04-02" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-07-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1790645" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Allergic rhinitis" 1 => "Chronic otitis media" 2 => "Tympanoplasty" 3 => "Graft" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1790646" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Rinitis alérgica" 1 => "Otitis media crónica" 2 => "Timpanoplastia" 3 => "Injerto" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To investigate the role of allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) on success of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients who had type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty. The patients were divided into three groups as no-rhinitis (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 28), NAR (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 18) and AR (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 14) groups, based on their symptoms, skin prick tests and/or serum specific IgE levels. AR and NAR groups were treated for their rhinitis symptoms both pre- and postoperatively. The patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and compared for graft success rates and audiological outcomes.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Three study groups were similar for age, gender distributions and preoperative air-bone gaps (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.780, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.167 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.676, respectively). Postoperative graft perforation rate was 0% in no-rhinitis and AR groups while it was 16.7% in NAR group, with a significant difference among three groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.034). The comparison of three study groups for change in the postoperative air bone gaps in comparison with preoperative air bone gaps did not yield any statistically significant result (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.729).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although AR does not result in failure of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty in patients treated for rhinitis compared to the control group, NAR does. Pre- and postoperative treatment of patients for rhinitis and employment of cartilage graft may be the key factors for success of surgery in patients with AR. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar el papel de la rinitis alérgica (AR) y la rinitis no alérgica (NAR) en el éxito de la timpanoplastia de cartílago tipo 1.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio prospectivo se realizó en 60 pacientes con timpanoplastia de cartílago tipo 1. Los pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos como libres de rinitis (n = 28), NAR (n = 18) y AR (n = 14) según sus síntomas, pruebas cutáneas y/o niveles de IgE específica en suero. Los grupos AR y NAR fueron tratados antes y después de la operación por síntomas de rinitis. Los pacientes fueron seguidos durante al menos 6 meses y se compararon las tasas de éxito del injerto y los resultados audiológicos.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los tres grupos de estudio fueron similares en cuanto a la edad, la distribución por sexos y el espacio entre el aire y el hueso preoperatorio (p = 0,780, p = 0,167 y p = 0,676, respectivamente). Mientras que la tasa de perforación del injerto postoperatorio fue del 0 % en el grupo sin rinitis y AR, fue del 16,7 % en el grupo NAR, y hubo una diferencia significativa entre los tres grupos (p = 0,034). La comparación de los tres grupos de estudio con los espacios óseos aéreos preoperatorios para el cambio en los espacios óseos aéreos posoperatorios no arrojó un resultado estadísticamente significativo (p = 0,729).</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque AR no falla en la timpanoplastia de cartílago tipo 1 en pacientes tratados por rinitis en comparación con el grupo control, NAR sí lo hace. El tratamiento pre y postoperatorio de pacientes con rinitis y el uso de injertos de cartílago pueden ser factores clave para el éxito de la cirugía en pacientes con RA. Se necesitan más estudios con tamaños de muestra más grandes.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NAR: Non-allergic rhinitis; AR: Allergic rhinitis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No-rhinitis group(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NAR group(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AR group(<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41.4 ± 14.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.7 ± 13.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41.9 ± 14.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.780<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">†</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.167<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">‡</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (50.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (22.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (42.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (50.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (77.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (57.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3477285.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "†" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">One-Way ANOVA test.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "‡" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Pearson’s χ<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The demographic characteristics and preoperative air-bone gaps of no-rhinitis, NAR and AR groups.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NAR: Non-allergic rhinitis; AR: Allergic rhinitis.</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistics have been expressed as median (25th percentile–75th percentile).</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preoperative(dB) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Postoperative(dB) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">†</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Change in air-bone gap(dB) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No-Allergy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.0 (18.0−25.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.5 (10.0−17.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−8.0(−13.0 to −4.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NAR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.0 (17.5−27.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.0 (12.0−17.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−6.0(−11.0 to 0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.5 (17.0−31.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.0 (10.0−18.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−6.5(−15.2 to −3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">‡</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.676 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.414 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.729 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3477284.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "†" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">In-group comparisons for pre- and postoperative air-bone gaps, Wilcoxon Sign test.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "‡" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Inter-group comparisons, Kruskal Wallis test.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preoperative and postoperative air bone gaps and change in the postoperative air bone gaps in comparison with preoperative air bone gaps in the study groups.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:24 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hearing results with cartilage tympanoplasty" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.L. Dornhoffer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00005537-199708000-00016" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Laryngoscope" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "1094" "paginaFinal" => "1099" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9261014" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy of cartilage palisade tympanoplasty: randomized controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Cabra" 1 => "A. 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Iemma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "27" "paginaFinal" => "32" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609379" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Success rates for various graft materials in tympanoplasty - a review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Bayram" 1 => "N. Bayar Muluk" 2 => "C. Cingi" 3 => "S.A. Bafaqeeh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.joto.2020.01.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Otol" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "111" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32884562" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The association between allergic rhinitis and otitis media: a national representative sample of in South Korean children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. 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Review article
The role of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis on success of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty
El papel de la rinitis alérgica y no alérgica en el éxito de la timpanoplastia de cartílago tipo 1