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Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la formación de los residentes de otorrinolaringología
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training of otorhinolaryngology residents
Serafín Sánchez-Gómeza,
Autor para correspondencia
sanchezsg@us.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Juan Manuel Maza-Solanoa, Luz López Flórezb, Pablo Parente Ariasc, David Lobo Durod, José María Palacios-Garcíaa
a Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
b Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
c Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, España
d Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
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La necesidad de reducir las incertidumbres sobre los mecanismos de contagio y suplir las carencias en materiales y equipos de protecci&#243;n se convirti&#243; en prioridad absoluta al inicio de la pandemia&#46; Se redise&#241;aron procesos asistenciales y estructuras hospitalarias para atender a los pacientes afectos de COVID-19&#44; relegando la atenci&#243;n a pacientes no COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Muchos centros se vieron obligados a cancelar cirug&#237;a no urgente ante la falta de camas hospitalarias e incluso por la utilizaci&#243;n transitoria de quir&#243;fanos y salas de recuperaci&#243;n postanest&#233;sica como camas de unidades de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41;&#46; Se redujo el volumen de pacientes que acud&#237;an a los servicios de ORL por cualquier patolog&#237;a por las restricciones de la poblaci&#243;n para desplazamientos no esenciales y limitaciones en el acceso de la ciudadan&#237;a a los centros de atenci&#243;n primaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los servicios de ORL actuaron r&#225;pidamente para implantar modelos de formaci&#243;n adaptados a las restricciones derivadas de la pandemia para mitigar las deficiencias formativas por la supresi&#243;n de actividades presenciales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-8</span></a> y la necesidad de seguir las recomendaciones de protecci&#243;n de las instituciones y organizaciones sanitarias y cient&#237;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9-11</span></a>&#46; Se implantaron m&#250;ltiples soluciones de comunicaci&#243;n virtual por internet y se promovieron alternativas de simulaci&#243;n que suplieran la reducci&#243;n de procedimientos quir&#250;rgicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al final de la primavera de 2020 se extendi&#243; la percepci&#243;n de haber controlado la enfermedad&#46; Se empezaron a conocer entonces resultados del impacto de la pandemia en la formaci&#243;n de los residentes de ORL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14-16</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el desconocimiento del comportamiento de esta nueva enfermedad y las fuertes interferencias sociales&#44; pol&#237;ticas y econ&#243;micas para desescalar con m&#225;s rapidez de lo deseable las medidas restrictivas impuestas para evitar el contagio de la poblaci&#243;n desvelaron que el estallido de la primavera de 2020 solo hab&#237;a sido una primera ola&#46; Apareci&#243; una segunda ola de mayor intensidad&#44; pero de m&#225;s lenta instauraci&#243;n y declive que la primera&#44; y luego una tercera&#44; mucho m&#225;s intensa que las dos precedentes&#44; sin que se alcanzara la normalidad en ning&#250;n momento&#46; La incidencia de cada una de estas tres olas tuvo mayor duraci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a que en los dem&#225;s pa&#237;ses europeos&#44; aunque con amplia variabilidad geogr&#225;fica y secuencia temporal dentro del propio territorio espa&#241;ol &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las primeras publicaciones sobre el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la formaci&#243;n ORL recogieron &#250;nicamente el efecto de la primera ola de la primavera de 2020&#46; Un a&#241;o despu&#233;s de la aparici&#243;n de la pandemia es posible evaluar el impacto que ha causado en la formaci&#243;n de los residentes de ORL espa&#241;oles en un per&#237;odo de tiempo equivalente a un a&#241;o de su per&#237;odo formativo&#46; Este conocimiento adquiere gran relevancia en Espa&#241;a&#44; donde el per&#237;odo formativo de una especialidad quir&#250;rgica como la ORL es de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer con detalle el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en aspectos concretos de las distintas dimensiones de las actividades asistenciales&#44; formativas e investigadoras de los residentes de ORL en Espa&#241;a&#44; as&#237; como las soluciones adoptadas para adaptarse a las carencias y su aceptaci&#243;n de las modalidades virtuales de formaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Dise&#241;o del estudio</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio cualitativo transversal mediante encuesta <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-line</span> durante la segunda quincena del mes de febrero de 2021 a los residentes de ORL de las unidades docentes espa&#241;olas que hab&#237;an desempe&#241;ado su per&#237;odo formativo durante un a&#241;o continuado entre el 15 de febrero de 2020 y el 15 de febrero de 2021&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La pandemia COVID-19 ha cursado en Espa&#241;a con una sucesi&#243;n de per&#237;odos de mayor incidencia peri&#243;dica&#44; conocidos como &#171;olas&#187;&#44; definidos como los per&#237;odos comprendidos entre el aumento y la disminuci&#243;n de los casos positivos para SARS-CoV-2 diagnosticados por reacci&#243;n en cadena de la polimerasa &#40;PCR &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">polymerase chain reaction</span>&#93;&#41; superiores al 10&#37; de casos prevalentes en los 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as precedentes&#46; As&#237;&#44; la primera ola se considera comprendida entre el 10 de marzo y el 10 de mayo de 2020&#44; la segunda ola entre el 1 de septiembre y el 16 de noviembre de 2020&#44; y la tercera ola entre el 11 de diciembre de 2020 y el 15 de febrero de 2021&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Poblaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La poblaci&#243;n del estudio estaba constituida por los residentes &#40;R&#41; de ORL que hab&#237;an obtenido su plaza en las convocatorias 2017&#44; 2018&#44; 2019 y 2020 &#40;R4&#44; R3&#44; R2 y R1&#44; respectivamente&#41; en alguna de las 77 unidades docentes de ORL acreditadas en Espa&#241;a&#44; todas ellas del sistema sanitario p&#250;blico&#44; excepto una&#44; del sector sanitario privado&#46; Todos los hospitales atendieron pacientes COVID-19 positivos y pacientes no COVID-19&#46; Se excluyeron los residentes de la convocatoria 2016 por haber sufrido el impacto de la pandemia &#250;nicamente durante el per&#237;odo comprendido entre el 10 de marzo y el 20 de mayo de 2020&#44; que era el momento de finalizaci&#243;n de su programa de residencia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Dise&#241;o de la encuesta</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La encuesta se llev&#243; a cabo con un formulario de Google Forms y consisti&#243; en 26 preguntas distribuidas en 8 secciones&#58; 1&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ubicaci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica del hospital por regi&#243;n y localidad&#59; 2&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto de la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 en la salud de los residentes de ORL y pruebas diagn&#243;sticas a las que se hab&#237;an sometido&#59; 3&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto en la actividad asistencial del centro&#59; 4&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto en la alteraci&#243;n global de las actividades formativas te&#243;ricas y espec&#237;ficamente por &#225;reas de la especialidad&#44; incluyendo los nuevos modelos de formaci&#243;n virtual&#59; 5&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto en la alteraci&#243;n global de las actividades formativas pr&#225;cticas y espec&#237;ficamente por &#225;reas de la especialidad&#59; 6&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto en las rotaciones internas y externas&#44; cursos&#44; congresos&#44; estancias&#44; etc&#46;&#59; 7&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto en las actividades de investigaci&#243;n&#44; y 8&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>impacto global en la adquisici&#243;n de competencias como especialista ORL&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Distribuci&#243;n del cuestionario y recopilaci&#243;n de datos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se envi&#243; un correo electr&#243;nico en dos oleadas a todos los residentes de ORL de Espa&#241;a inform&#225;ndoles del objetivo y del alcance del estudio&#44; solicitando su participaci&#243;n&#46; Se les inform&#243; de todos los aspectos de la investigaci&#243;n y se obtuvo su consentimiento para la realizaci&#243;n del estudio&#44; que contaba con la aprobaci&#243;n del Comit&#233; &#201;tico de la Investigaci&#243;n Biom&#233;dica de Andaluc&#237;a&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Validaci&#243;n del cuestionario</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables del impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las actividades de los programas de residencia constitu&#237;an la parte central del cuestionario de investigaci&#243;n&#46; Se midieron utilizando una escala Likert de 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>puntos que se someti&#243; a una prueba de validez utilizando el m&#233;todo de correlaci&#243;n de Pearson &#40;&#961;&#41;&#44; estableciendo que todos los &#237;tems eran v&#225;lidos con un nivel de confianza del 95&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se determin&#243; la confiabilidad de la encuesta al obtener un resultado de &#945;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;790 con la prueba alfa de Cronbach para 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#237;tems&#46; Los elementos utilizados para medir el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en los programas de residencia eran&#44; as&#237;&#44; consistentes y producir&#237;an los mismos resultados si se usaran m&#225;s de una vez&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico se realiz&#243; con Statistical Package for Social Sciences&#44; versi&#243;n 26 &#40;SPSS&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; EE&#46;UU&#46;&#41;&#46; Las variables categ&#243;ricas se resumieron como frecuencia y porcentaje&#46; La comparaci&#243;n entre los niveles de afectaci&#243;n de la formaci&#243;n de los residentes y el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en su formaci&#243;n se realiz&#243; mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson con la correcci&#243;n por continuidad de Yates&#46; Se utiliz&#243; un punto de corte del valor p de 0&#44;05 con un intervalo de confianza del 95&#37; para determinar la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se recibieron 143 encuestas cumplimentadas de un total de 264 residentes a los que se les envi&#243;&#44; con una tasa de respuesta del 54&#44;17&#37; &#40;62&#44;8&#37; mujeres&#41; y un margen de error del 5&#44;56&#37; para un intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#46; Proced&#237;an de 59 servicios de ORL de los 77 acreditados para la formaci&#243;n especializada ORL &#40;76&#44;6&#37;&#41; de 15 comunidades aut&#243;nomas de un total de 17 &#40;88&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Respondieron 18 de 81 R4 &#40;22&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; 36 de 69 R3 &#40;52&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; 43 de 63 R2 &#40;68&#44;2&#37;&#41; y 46 de 51 R1 &#40;90&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Padecieron la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 36 residentes en ORL &#40;25&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#58; 14 en la primera ola &#40;38&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; 12 en la segunda ola &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41; y 10 en la tercera ola &#40;27&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Las comunidades aut&#243;nomas de los residentes que enfermaron fueron Madrid &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#44; 33&#44;3&#37;&#41; Andaluc&#237;a &#40;6&#44; 16&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Valencia &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44; 11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; Arag&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44; 8&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; Canarias &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44; 5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Castilla-La Mancha &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44; 5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Extremadura &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44; 5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Murcia &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44; 5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Castilla y Le&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44; 2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; La Rioja &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44; 2&#44;8&#37;&#41; y Pa&#237;s Vasco &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44; 2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#59; la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a> muestra la relaci&#243;n entre el n&#250;mero de residentes que han padecido la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 a lo largo de las tres olas seg&#250;n su ubicaci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica y la incidencia de las regiones&#46; De ellos&#44; 31 solo tuvieron s&#237;ntomas leves y no requirieron atenci&#243;n m&#233;dica &#40;86&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; 3 estuvieron hospitalizados por presentar s&#237;ntomas intensos &#40;8&#44;3&#37;&#41; y 2 tuvieron s&#237;ntomas moderados que requirieron atenci&#243;n m&#233;dica sin hospitalizaci&#243;n &#40;5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Ning&#250;n residente estuvo ingresado en una UCI&#46; La intensidad de la afectaci&#243;n se tradujo en que 14 se ausentaron del trabajo entre 0 y 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#44; 19 lo hicieron entre 15 y 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as y 3 entre 31 y 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#46; El impacto de la COVID-19 en la salud de los residentes y en su ausencia del puesto de trabajo se recoge en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figura 3</a> muestra la afectaci&#243;n global de cada sub&#225;rea de la especialidad&#44; mientras que el impacto espec&#237;fico en la actividad quir&#250;rgica de los procedimientos m&#225;s relevantes para la formaci&#243;n especializada se recoge en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; De los 15 procedimientos&#44; en 10 se encontr&#243; una diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa en relaci&#243;n con la disminuci&#243;n de entrenamiento quir&#250;rgico que correspond&#237;a por el a&#241;o de residencia&#44; excepto el aumento experimentado globalmente entre los R1 y los R2&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> muestra el impacto en las actividades formativas presenciales y en la investigaci&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El 100&#37; de los residentes consideraron que su formaci&#243;n se hab&#237;a reducido como consecuencia de la pandemia&#46; Veintitr&#233;s &#40;16&#37;&#41; apreciaron que hab&#237;an sufrido un impacto m&#225;ximo&#44; 73 &#40;51&#37;&#41; un impacto muy alto&#44; 40 &#40;27&#44;9&#37;&#41; un impacto intermedio y 7 &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41; un impacto bajo&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">figura 4</a> ilustra la percepci&#243;n de los residentes sobre este impacto expresado en el tiempo de su formaci&#243;n que consideran que han perdido&#46; Los 7 residentes &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41; que no hab&#237;an visto alterada sustancialmente su formaci&#243;n propon&#237;an no introducir ninguna modificaci&#243;n legal o normativa del programa de formaci&#243;n&#44; mientras que 54 &#40;37&#44;7&#37;&#41; plantearon la necesidad de prolongar la residencia un a&#241;o m&#225;s&#44; 22 &#40;15&#44;3&#37;&#41; eran partidarios de prolongarla durante 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses y 19 &#40;13&#44;2&#37;&#41; durante 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#44; pero 41 &#40;28&#44;6&#37;&#41; consideraban que la residencia deber&#237;a prologarse en funci&#243;n de las deficiencias y necesidades de cada uno&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa de respuesta del 54&#44;17&#37; es suficientemente representativa de la poblaci&#243;n y ofrece una amplia cobertura geogr&#225;fica y de los a&#241;os de formaci&#243;n de cada grupo de residentes encuestados&#46; No se conocen los motivos por los que se ha encontrado una menor respuesta a la encuesta entre los R4&#44; pero es posible que la proximidad de la finalizaci&#243;n de su per&#237;odo de formaci&#243;n les haya creado incertidumbres sobre las ventajas y los inconvenientes de encontrarse trabajando los siguientes meses como residentes o bien ya como especialistas titulados en aspectos como responsabilidad&#44; relaciones laborales&#44; retribuciones&#44; salidas laborales y puestos de trabajo&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Espa&#241;a se situ&#243; como el cuarto pa&#237;s europeo con mayor incidencia de casos confirmados de SARS-CoV-2 hasta el 8 de marzo de 2021&#44; tras Rusia&#44; Reino Unido y Francia&#44; con 3&#46;149&#46;012 personas infectadas y una tasa de contagio del 6&#44;65&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n Espa&#241;a se encontr&#243; hasta esa fecha entre los pa&#237;ses del mundo con mayor n&#250;mero de profesionales sanitarios de todas las categor&#237;as contagiados&#44; con 125&#46;691<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El 16&#44;5&#37; de los otorrinolaring&#243;logos se hab&#237;an contagiado hasta el inicio de la tercera ola<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; superando en 2&#44;48 veces la tasa de la poblaci&#243;n general&#44; pero el 25&#44;2&#37; de los residentes de ORL contagiados superaron en 3&#44;79 veces la tasa de la poblaci&#243;n general y en 1&#44;53 veces la de los especialistas ORL&#44; con el sesgo de que la publicaci&#243;n de Martin-Villares et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> no incluy&#243; la incidencia de la tercera ola&#46; Las comunidades aut&#243;nomas de Madrid&#44; Andaluc&#237;a y Valencia reunieron la mayor incidencia de residentes de ORL contagiados&#44; que eran las tasas m&#225;s elevadas de contagio poblacional&#44; pero tambi&#233;n con las mayores densidades de residentes&#44; aunque Andaluc&#237;a mostraba menor tasa de incidencia que las otras dos&#46; Sorprende que no se registrara ning&#250;n residente enfermo en Catalu&#241;a &#40;15 encuestados&#44; 10&#44;5&#37; de la muestra&#41;&#44; regi&#243;n que cumpl&#237;a los mismos criterios de incidencia que las anteriores&#46; Es posible que se trate de un sesgo de respuesta&#44; o bien que la elevada incidencia de Catalu&#241;a inculc&#243; en los residentes un mayor sentido de la protecci&#243;n dentro y fuera del hospital&#46; Todos los encuestados reportaron haber sido sometidos a las pruebas diagn&#243;sticas para el SARS-CoV-2 apropiadas en cada momento y cuantas veces lo precisaron&#44; por lo que no puede hablarse de deficiencias en este sentido&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las carencias de materiales de protecci&#243;n y el desconocimiento de la enfermedad pueden encontrarse detr&#225;s del 38&#44;9&#37; de los residentes contagiados en la primera ola&#44; pero no pueden explicar por s&#237; solas el 33&#44;3&#37; de los contagiados durante la segunda ola y el 27&#44;7&#37; de la tercera ola&#46; Los residentes que se infectaron no han sido capaces de identificar su origen&#44; pero en ning&#250;n caso los residentes encuestados lo relacionaron con haber atendido a un paciente SARS-CoV-2 positivo&#44; lo que sugiere que el conocimiento de la condici&#243;n de enfermo gener&#243; entre los residentes la alarma suficiente para protegerse adecuadamente durante su atenci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no todos los residentes adoptaron rigurosamente las medidas de autoprotecci&#243;n en todos los casos en los que atendieron a portadores asintom&#225;ticos&#44; ya que 9 &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41; mantuvieron un confinamiento preventivo por haber sido contactos estrechos de pacientes cuya positividad se conoci&#243; posteriormente a su atenci&#243;n por el residente&#46; La principal circunstancia para haber estado confinados preventivamente&#44; no obstante&#44; fue el contacto estrecho con una persona portadora asintom&#225;tica en situaciones no identificadas distintas de la atenci&#243;n sanitaria en 22 casos &#40;15&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; cuya tasa de contagio fue similar a la de la poblaci&#243;n general&#44; ya que la segunda y la tercera ola afectaron a las personas j&#243;venes en mayor grado que en la primera ola &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sesenta y nueve residentes trabajaron en todo momento &#250;nicamente en su servicio de ORL &#40;48&#44;3&#37;&#41; y 53 no faltaron un solo d&#237;a a su puesto de trabajo &#40;37&#37;&#41;&#44; por lo que la p&#233;rdida fundamental de formaci&#243;n se debi&#243; a la reducci&#243;n de actividad asistencial global y a la necesidad de trabajar en otros servicios en momentos cr&#237;ticos de la pandemia&#46; Las p&#233;rdidas de formaci&#243;n por ausencia por enfermedad se prolongaron entre 1 y 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses solo en 6 residentes &#40;4&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; entre 2 y 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses en 3 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; y m&#225;s de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses &#250;nicamente en uno &#40;0&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Los 80 residentes restantes &#40;56&#37;&#41; faltaron a su puesto de trabajo menos de un mes&#46; Las ausencias por enfermedad y confinamientos&#44; sumadas a las actuaciones fuera de ORL y a la reducci&#243;n de la propia actividad ORL&#44; condicionaron que los residentes consideraran que hab&#237;an perdido un n&#250;mero variable de meses de su a&#241;o de formaci&#243;n&#44; en funci&#243;n de la incidencia local de la pandemia&#46; Es muy relevante que el 60&#44;1&#37; de los residentes valoraran la p&#233;rdida en m&#225;s de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses de su per&#237;odo formativo y que el 18&#44;8&#37; hayan perdido entre 10 y 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#46; Esto es especialmente grave en una especialidad que tiene &#250;nicamente 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os de formaci&#243;n&#44; con una elevada dedicaci&#243;n del tiempo de aprendizaje al entrenamiento quir&#250;rgico&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las restricciones para la movilidad geogr&#225;fica y la imposici&#243;n del distanciamiento social entre la poblaci&#243;n cancelaron m&#225;s de las dos terceras partes de las rotaciones internas y cursos y visitas programados en otros centros&#46; La falta de adquisici&#243;n de competencias deficitarias en los centros de origen limita adicionalmente la amplitud de competencias del residente al finalizar su per&#237;odo formativo&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La disminuci&#243;n de las actividades formativas presenciales de tipo te&#243;rico no ha sido sustituida por su total transformaci&#243;n en sesiones virtuales&#46; Este nuevo formato ha encontrado amplia receptividad y aceptaci&#243;n entre los residentes y quedar&#225; incluido entre las actividades cotidianas que se llevar&#225;n a cabo en el futuro&#46; Tambi&#233;n se desprende que el contacto relacional presencial es un factor favorecedor para la realizaci&#243;n de actividades formativas te&#243;ricas&#46; Debe destacarse la aceptaci&#243;n y el inter&#233;s mostrado por el 11&#44;1&#37; de los residentes de desarrollar la cirug&#237;a virtual como metodolog&#237;a formativa&#46; La transformaci&#243;n de congresos de ORL en formatos virtuales ha facilitado aumentar la participaci&#243;n de muchos residentes en los congresos en relaci&#243;n con situaciones previas de presencialidad&#44; permiti&#233;ndoles elaborar m&#225;s comunicaciones orales&#44; p&#243;sters y v&#237;deos&#46; Aunque se ha aumentado la elaboraci&#243;n de art&#237;culos cient&#237;ficos&#44; se han demorado la mayor&#237;a de las actividades investigadoras que requer&#237;an tareas presenciales con pacientes o laboratorio &#40;48&#37;&#41;&#44; cancel&#225;ndose en el 4&#44;9&#37; de los residentes&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las p&#233;rdidas de formaci&#243;n m&#225;s destacadas por los residentes se debieron a la disminuci&#243;n de la actividad asistencial quir&#250;rgica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> y <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#44; sin tanta afectaci&#243;n de los procedimientos exploratorios y diagn&#243;sticos&#46; La cancelaci&#243;n o el aplazamiento de intervenciones electivas fue una de las primeras y m&#225;s extendidas recomendaciones de gu&#237;as y sociedades cient&#237;ficas&#44; procedimientos que constituyen el grueso de la formaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica de los residentes de ORL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a>&#46; El 64&#37; de los residentes han dejado de intervenir como primer cirujano o cirujano independiente en m&#225;s del 75&#37; de los procedimientos planificados por su programa de residencia&#46; Esto ha ocurrido en todos los principales procedimientos para cada a&#241;o de residencia&#44; adquiriendo mayor relevancia entre residentes de segundo y tercer a&#241;o&#44; ya que tienen menos tiempo para recuperar las habilidades no adquiridas del que les corresponder&#237;a&#46; Los procedimientos con menos capacidad de recuperaci&#243;n han sido todos los otol&#243;gicos &#40;miringoplastia&#44; timpanoplastia con mastoidectom&#237;a&#44; estapedectom&#237;a&#44; implantes cocleares&#41; y los rinol&#243;gicos &#40;cirug&#237;a endosc&#243;pica nasosinusal y de base de cr&#225;neo anterior&#44; septoplastia&#44; turbinoplastia&#41;&#44; los cuales tambi&#233;n han sido los que m&#225;s se han visto afectados por la disminuci&#243;n de actividades formativas te&#243;ricas&#46; Estos procedimientos constituyen el cuerpo de procedimientos clave para la formaci&#243;n de los residentes de ORL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; A ello debe sumarse la pr&#225;ctica desaparici&#243;n del entrenamiento por simulaci&#243;n con cad&#225;veres&#44; una de las bases del aprendizaje de los residentes de ORL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; Por el contrario&#44; el 43&#37; de los residentes han podido incrementar su aprendizaje pr&#225;ctico en la realizaci&#243;n de traqueotom&#237;as en m&#225;s del 75&#37; de lo habitual&#44; a pesar de que las recomendaciones iniciales establec&#237;an que no era adecuado para residentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; La cirug&#237;a oncol&#243;gica se ha reducido sistem&#225;ticamente en todos los centros&#44; principalmente por las restricciones de acceso de la poblaci&#243;n a los centros de atenci&#243;n primaria y desplazamientos entre poblaciones&#46; Ha afectado fundamentalmente a R3 y R4&#44; quienes mayor entrenamiento han perdido al poder ejecutar gran n&#250;mero de estos procedimientos como cirujanos principales&#46; Se ha producido una mayor presencia de R1 y R2 en los quir&#243;fanos de lo que hubieran hecho sin pandemia&#44; al destinar a esta actividad la disminuci&#243;n del resto de actividad asistencial&#46; Las recomendaciones de las instituciones sanitarias de realizar pruebas de PCR para la detecci&#243;n de portadores asintom&#225;ticos entre 24-72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h antes de la cirug&#237;a electiva y el incremento de la cirug&#237;a ambulatoria permitieron aumentar te&#243;ricamente la capacidad quir&#250;rgica de muchos servicios de ORL&#44; pero esta posibilidad se vio restringida por la limitaci&#243;n real de utilizaci&#243;n de quir&#243;fanos y camas hospitalarias&#44; masivamente ocupadas durante largos per&#237;odos de la pandemia por pacientes COVID-19 positivos&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Excepto los pocos casos de residentes que no han visto alterarse sustancialmente su formaci&#243;n programada por trabajar en centros menos afectados por la pandemia&#44; m&#225;s de la mitad &#40;53&#37;&#41; fueron partidarios de prolongar la residencia al menos 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#44; llegando al 37&#44;7&#37; los que vieron necesario que esta prolongaci&#243;n fuera de un a&#241;o completo&#46; La pandemia ha afectado de forma variable a los residentes en funci&#243;n de la ubicaci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica de su centro de formaci&#243;n&#44; pero se trata de cifras suficientemente contundentes que deber&#237;an mover a las autoridades sanitarias a implementar medidas que solventaran estas carencias formativas&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de modificar la metodolog&#237;a de seguimiento de la ejecuci&#243;n de los programas formativos de ORL en Espa&#241;a&#44; actualmente delegados exclusivamente en las comisiones de docencia de cada hospital&#46; Parece necesario dise&#241;ar una planificaci&#243;n de &#225;mbito nacional que asegure la equidad efectiva de la formaci&#243;n de todos los residentes independientemente del centro donde desarrollen su programa formativo y coordinar a nivel nacional la introducci&#243;n de metodolog&#237;as docentes&#44; virtuales y de simulaci&#243;n que puedan suplir las carencias locales de servicios de ORL deficitarios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los residentes de ORL infectados han padecido una enfermedad leve en la mayor&#237;a de los casos y pocos han requerido ingreso hospitalario&#44; habi&#233;ndose contagiado supuestamente por el contacto con portadores asintom&#225;ticos durante la atenci&#243;n a pacientes y por contacto estrecho con portadores asintom&#225;ticos en situaciones no identificadas distintas de la atenci&#243;n sanitaria&#46; No obstante&#44; la inmensa mayor&#237;a de residentes de ORL han visto reducida su capacidad formativa por la disminuci&#243;n de la actividad asistencial de su servicio de ORL y por haber ejercido en otros servicios del hospital durante los per&#237;odos m&#225;s cr&#237;ticos de la pandemia&#46; Durante la pandemia&#44; los residentes deber&#225;n aplicar en todos los pacientes las medidas recomendadas de protecci&#243;n frente al SARS-CoV-2&#44; incluyendo especialmente a los que no presentan s&#237;ntomas sugestivos de COVID-19 y que son los de m&#225;s alto riesgo de contagio real si no se adoptan las medidas de protecci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La transformaci&#243;n de actividades formativas presenciales en otras virtuales ha sido ampliamente aceptada por los residentes de ORL&#44; pero no ha sido capaz de suplir la totalidad de actividades formativas que se precisan&#46; Los 6 a 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses perdidos por la mayor&#237;a de los residentes representan un impacto muy relevante en la adquisici&#243;n de competencias&#44; sobre todo en entrenamiento quir&#250;rgico&#44; lo que requerir&#237;a la prolongaci&#243;n de los programas de residencia desde 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses hasta un a&#241;o completo para la recuperaci&#243;n del aprendizaje perdido&#44; especialmente en las sub&#225;reas m&#225;s afectadas de otolog&#237;a y rinolog&#237;a&#44; en las que se ha producido una reducci&#243;n superior al 75&#37; de lo planificado en el entrenamiento en miringoplastia&#44; timpanoplastia con mastoidectom&#237;a&#44; estapedectom&#237;a&#44; implantes cocleares&#44; cirug&#237;a endosc&#243;pica nasosinusal y de base de cr&#225;neo anterior&#44; septoplastia y turbinoplastia&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es necesario dise&#241;ar una planificaci&#243;n formativa operativa de &#225;mbito nacional que asegure la equidad efectiva de la formaci&#243;n de todos los residentes a nivel nacional para suplir las carencias de servicios de ORL deficitarios&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Antecedentes y objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La pandemia COVID-19 ha alterado todas las actividades sanitarias&#44; entre ellas la formaci&#243;n especializada de los residentes&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo un estudio para analizar en profundidad el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en aspectos espec&#237;ficos de las actividades cl&#237;nicas&#44; formativas e investigadoras que realizan los residentes de otorrinolaringolog&#237;a &#40;ORL&#41; en Espa&#241;a durante un a&#241;o completo de formaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio cualitativo transversal durante las &#250;ltimas dos semanas de febrero de 2021&#46; El estudio consisti&#243; en una encuesta en l&#237;nea realizada por residentes de ORL que hab&#237;an realizado un a&#241;o continuado de formaci&#243;n desde el 15 de febrero de 2020 al 15 de febrero de 2021 y consisti&#243; en 26 preguntas que exploraban el impacto del COVID-19 en la salud de los residentes de ORL&#44; en su dedicaci&#243;n laboral y en las actividades de formaci&#243;n&#46; Las variables categ&#243;ricas se informaron como frecuencia y porcentaje&#46; Cuando se indic&#243;&#44; se utiliz&#243; la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson con la correcci&#243;n de Yates y el coeficiente de correlaci&#243;n de Pearson &#40;r&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se recibieron 143 encuestas cumplimentadas de 264 residentes &#40;54&#44;17&#37;&#41;&#46; Treinta y seis residentes &#40;25&#44;2&#37;&#41; hab&#237;an padecido la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2&#46; La mayor&#237;a de ellos solo desarrollaron s&#237;ntomas leves &#40;86&#44;1&#37;&#41; y 3 requirieron hospitalizaci&#243;n &#40;8&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Los residentes encuestados que resultaron positivos para SARS-CoV-2 no fueron capaces de identificar la fuente de su contagio y la necesidad de confinamiento se debi&#243; principalmente a la atenci&#243;n de un paciente asintom&#225;tico en 9 casos &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41; o al contacto estrecho con un asintom&#225;tico en situaciones no identificadas distintas de la atenci&#243;n sanitaria en 22 &#40;15&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; El 60&#44;1&#37; de los residentes encuestados reportaron haber perdido m&#225;s de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses de su per&#237;odo de formaci&#243;n&#44; y en el 18&#44;8&#37; de los casos llegaron a 10 y 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#46; Se ha producido una reducci&#243;n de m&#225;s del 75&#37; de lo previsto en formaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; de timpanoplastia&#44; mastoidectom&#237;a&#44; estapedectom&#237;a&#44; implantes cocleares&#44; cirug&#237;a endosc&#243;pica nasosinusal y de base de cr&#225;neo anterior&#44; septoplastia y turbinoplastia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El descenso de la actividad ORL y la necesidad de prestar asistencia en otros servicios y unidades durante los momentos m&#225;s cr&#237;ticos de la pandemia han causado la principal reducci&#243;n de su capacidad de formaci&#243;n&#46; El contagio fundamentalmente ocurri&#243; por el contacto con portadores asintom&#225;ticos durante la atenci&#243;n a pacientes y por contacto estrecho con portadores asintom&#225;ticos&#46; Las actividades virtuales han sido ampliamente aceptadas&#44; pero no han reemplazado por completo las necesidades de formaci&#243;n de todos los residentes&#46; Se deber&#225;n implementar medidas para recuperar la formaci&#243;n perdida&#44; especialmente el aprendizaje pr&#225;ctico quir&#250;rgico en otolog&#237;a y rinolog&#237;a&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Background and objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Training in surgical specialties has declined during the COVID-19 pandemic&#46; A study was carried out to further analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on specific aspects of clinical&#44; training&#44; and research activities performed by the otolaryngology residents in Spain&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted during the last two weeks of February 2021&#46; The study consisted of an online survey taken by otolaryngology residents who had undertaken one-year continuing training from February 15&#44; 2020&#44; to February 15&#44; 2021&#44; and consisted of 26 questions exploring the impact of the COVID-19 on the health of the ENT residents and training activities&#46; Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage&#46; When indicated&#44; Pearson&#769;s Chi-square test &#40;&#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; with Yates&#39;s correction and Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient &#40;r&#41; were used&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">143 completed surveys were received from 264 residents &#40;54&#46;17&#37;&#41;&#46; 36 residents &#40;25&#46;2&#37;&#41; have suffered from the disease due to SARS-CoV-2&#46; Most of them only developed mild symptoms &#40;86&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; with 3 requiring hospitalization &#40;8&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; The origin of infection was unknown in all reported cases and the need for confinement was principally due to either attending an asymptomatic patient in 9 cases &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41; or to being supposedly in close contact with an asymptomatic person in 22 &#40;15&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; 60&#46;1&#37; of the residents surveyed reported having lost more than 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>months of their training period&#44; and in 18&#46;8&#37; of cases&#44; it was as high as 10 and 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>months&#46; There has been a reduction of more than 75&#37; of what was planned in surgical training &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41; of tympanoplasty&#44; mastoidectomy&#44; stapedectomy&#44; cochlear implants&#44; endoscopic sinonasal and anterior skull base surgery&#44; septoplasty and turbinoplasty&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The decline in ENT activity and residents having to assist in other COVID-19 units during the most critical moments of the pandemic&#44; has caused the main reduction in their training capacity&#46; Contagion mainly occurred through contact with asymptomatic carriers during patient care and through supposedly close contact with asymptomatic carriers&#46; Virtual activities have been widely accepted&#44; but they have not completely replaced all residents&#8217; training needs&#46; Measures should be implemented to recover lost training&#44; especially surgical practical learning in otology and rhinology&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Residentes que padecieron la enfermedad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;25&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leve</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;86&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Moderada &#40;con atenci&#243;n m&#233;dica&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Severa &#40;con hospitalizaci&#243;n&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;8&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ausencia de enfermedad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107 &#40;74&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Pruebas diagn&#243;sticas recibidas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Utilizadas en residentes enfermos para el diagn&#243;stico de SARS-CoV-2</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prueba de PCR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;72&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anticuerpos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;27&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Utilizadas en residentes enfermos para determinar la curaci&#243;n del SARS-CoV-2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;94&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Utilizadas en residentes sanos con sospecha de contagio por SARS-CoV-2</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 prueba de PCR como m&#237;nimo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102 &#40;97&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#225;s de 1 prueba de PCR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">98 &#40;85&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 prueba de ant&#237;genos o de anticuerpos como m&#237;nimo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ausencia del puesto de trabajo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No ausencia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;34&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causada por padecer la enfermedad</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0-14 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;9&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15-30 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;13&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30-60 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causada por confinamiento</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0-14 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;24&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15-30 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;9&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30-60 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60-90 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Confinamiento adicional sobre los que hab&#237;an estado enfermos</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Dedicaci&#243;n de los residentes a sus servicios de ORL durante la pandemia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dedicaci&#243;n continuada completa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69 &#40;48&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dedicaci&#243;n parcial al servicio de urgencias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;23&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dedicaci&#243;n parcial al servicio de medicina interna</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;12&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dedicaci&#243;n parcial a otros servicios de primera l&#237;nea frente al COVID-19</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;13&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dedicaci&#243;n parcial a la unidad de cuidados intensivos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Cumplimentaci&#243;n de las actividades ORL planificadas previamente a la pandemia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cumplimentaci&#243;n completa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;28&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">80-99&#37; de cumplimentaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;34&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">60-79&#37; de cumplimentaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;20&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">40-59&#37; de cumplimentaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;11&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">20-39&#37; de cumplimentaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">20&#37; de cumplimentaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Procedimientos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Media<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">R1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">R2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">R3 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">R4 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reducci&#243;n</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Inc&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reducci&#243;n</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Inc&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reducci&#243;n</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Inc&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reducci&#243;n</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Inc&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p &#40;correcci&#243;n de Yates&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;A&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;A&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Timpanoplastia &#40;todos los tipos&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Mastoidectom&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Laringectom&#237;a total<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Impacto en las sesiones cl&#237;nicas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 75-100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;32&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;25&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;21&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n de menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;19&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Impacto en las sesiones bibliogr&#225;ficas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 75-100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;39&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;23&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;16&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n de menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;20&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Impacto en las sesiones del programa te&#243;rico</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 75-100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;39&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;25&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;12&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n de menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;22&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ejecuci&#243;n de actividades formativas virtuales antes de la pandemia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nunca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;69&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;7&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;5&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;16&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sesiones cl&#237;nicas virtuales llevadas a cabo desde el estallido de la pandemia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ninguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;18&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 75-100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;17&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;15&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;15&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;32&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sesiones bibliogr&#225;ficas virtuales llevadas a cabo desde el estallido de la pandemia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ninguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;27&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 75-100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;18&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;12&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;11&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;30&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sesiones te&#243;ricas virtuales llevadas a cabo desde el estallido de la pandemia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ninguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;35&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 75-100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;16&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 50-75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;10&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 25-50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;11&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menos del 25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;26&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aceptaci&#243;n del formato a seguir en el futuro sesiones para la formaci&#243;n de los residentes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#37; deber&#237;an ser virtuales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Algunas deber&#237;an ser virtuales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">112 &#40;78&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#37; deber&#237;an ser presenciales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;16&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Se deber&#237;a hacer cirug&#237;a virtual&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;11&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Actividades de investigaci&#243;n</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No se alter&#243; ning&#250;n proyecto de investigaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;41&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Demora de proyectos de investigaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;37&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n de proyectos de investigaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mantenimiento del n&#250;mero de comunicaciones orales y p&#243;sters para congresos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reducci&#243;n del n&#250;mero de comunicaciones orales y p&#243;sters para congresos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;37&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancelaci&#243;n de comunicaciones orales y p&#243;sters para congresos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Residentes que aprovecharon el tiempo de la pandemia para incrementar el n&#250;mero de sus participaciones en congresos &#40;todos los congresos han sido virtuales&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Impacto de la COVID-19 sobre las actividades formativas presenciales y sobre la investigaci&#243;n</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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        0 => array:2 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0130"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; &#40;2021&#41; WHO Coronavirus &#40;COVID-19&#41; Dashboard &#91;consultado May 2021&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; https&#58;&#47;&#47;covid19&#46;who&#46;int"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Carlos III Health Institute&#46; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation &#40;2021&#41; COVID-19 Reports &#91;consultado May 2021&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; http&#58;&#47;&#47;bit&#46;ly&#47;3leGMWs"
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            2 => array:3 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The transformational effects of COVID-19 on medical education"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;R&#46; Lucey"
                            1 => "S&#46;C&#46; Johnston"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2020.14136"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "324"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1033"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1034"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32857137"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Strategies for the practice of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery during the monitoring phase of COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Maza-Solano"
                            1 => "G&#46; Plaza-Mayor"
                            2 => "A&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Luna"
                            3 => "P&#46; Parente-Arias"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Amor-Dorado"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.otorri.2020.05.001"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "71"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
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              "identificador" => "bib0150"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "National primary care responses to COVID-19&#58; A rapid review of the literature"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Haldane"
                            1 => "Z&#46; Zhang"
                            2 => "R&#46;F&#46; Abbas"
                            3 => "W&#46; Dodd"
                            4 => "L&#46;L&#46; Lau"
                            5 => "M&#46;R&#46; Kidd"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041622"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ Open&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e041622"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33293398"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Strategies to overcome limitations in Otolaryngology residency training during the COVID-19 pandemic"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Bandi"
                            1 => "A&#46; Karligkiotis"
                            2 => "J&#46; Mellia"
                            3 => "S&#46; Gallo"
                            4 => "M&#46; Turri-Zanoni"
                            5 => "P&#46; Battaglia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00405-020-06228-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "277"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3503"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3506"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32705361"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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              "etiqueta" => "7"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Insights on otolaryngology residency training during the COVID-19 pandemic"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;L&#46; Crosby"
                            1 => "A&#46; Sharma"
                          ]
                        ]
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1177/0194599820922502"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "163"
                        "paginaInicial" => "38"
                        "paginaFinal" => "41"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32312158"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of COVID-19 on head and neck surgery&#44; education&#44; and training"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Shah"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/hed.26188"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Head Neck&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1344"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1347"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32329925"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00016519
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.otorri.2021.09.001
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