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Vol. 58. Núm. 4.
Páginas 287-294 (enero 2005)
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Vol. 58. Núm. 4.
Páginas 287-294 (enero 2005)
Acceso a texto completo
Endarterectomía carotídea en pacientes de alto riesgo
Carotid endarterectomy in high-risk patients
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R. Riera-Vázquez
Autor para correspondencia
drrriera@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Andrea Doria, 55. E-07014 Palma de Mallorca.
, P. Lozano-Vilardell, E. Manuel-Rimbau, J. Juliá-Montoya, C. Corominas-Roura, O.A. Merino-Mairal
Servicio deAngiologíay Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, España
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Resumen
Introducción

Con el fin de seleccionar pacientes para angioplastia carotídea, algunos estudios han fijado criterios para definir grupos de alto riesgo.

Objetivo

Analizar y comparar los resultados de la endarterectomía carotídea (EAC) según criterios de riesgo.

Pacientes y métodos

Revisión retrospectiva de 669 EAC realizadas entre 1991 y 2004. El riesgo se estratificó según los criterios NASCET y SAPPHIRE. El grupo A (alto riesgo) estuvo formado por 184 EAC (27,5%): 32 mayores de 80 años, 81 oclusiones contralaterales, ocho con enfermedad pulmonar grave –volumen espiratorio máximo en el primer segundo (FEV1) < 1 L–, seis con factores anatómicos desfavorables (reestenosis, radioterapia o cirugía cervical), nueve con insuficiencia renal crónica (creatinina plasmática >3mg/dL) y 61 con cardiopatía grave (angina inestable, infarto reciente, insuficiencia cardíaca clase III/IV, fibrilación auricular o cirugía cardíaca combinada). En el grupo B (ausencia de criterios) se incluyeron 485 EAC (72,5%). Se analizaron la morbilidad neurológica y cardíaca y la mortalidad perioperatorias. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el test de chi al cuadrado.

Resultados

Para los grupos A y B la morbilidad neurológica fue, respectivamente, del 5,9 y 2,4% –p = 0,02; riesgo relativo (RR): 2,41; intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%): 1,08-5,37–; la morbilidad cardíaca, del 1,6 y 0,4% (NS); y la mortalidad, del 0,5 y 0,6% (NS). La morbimortalidad global (ictus, infarto de miocardio o muerte) para el grupo A fue de 8,1%, y para el grupo B, de 3,5% (p = 0,013; RR: 2,32; IC 95%: 1,18-4,56). De todos los criterios utilizados, la oclusión contralateral se correlacionó con un aumento de la morbilidad neurológica (p = 0,001; RR: 4,66; IC 95%: 2,08-10,41).

Conclusión

Nuestra serie confirma que la oclusión contralateral aumenta el riesgo de ictus.

Palabras clave:
Accidente isquémico transitorio
Endarterectomía carotídea
Enfermedad vascular cerebral
Ictus
Morbilidad perioperatoria
Oclusión carotídea
Summary
Introduction

In order to select patients for carotid angioplasty, some studies have set criteria for defining high-risk groups.

Aim

To analyse and compare the outcomes of carotid endarterectomies (CEA) according to risk criteria.

Patients and methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 669 CEA carried out between 1991 and 2004. Risk was differentiated according to the NASCET and SAPPHIRE criteria. Group A (high risk) was made up of 184 (27.5%) CEAs: 32 patients over the age of 80, 81 contralateral occlusions, eight with severe lung disease –forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) < 1 L–; six with unfavourable anatomical factors (restenosis, radiotherapy or cervical surgery); nine with chronic renal failure (plasma creatinine >3mg/dL); 61 with severe heart disease (unstable angina, recent infarction, class III/IV heart failure, atrial fibrillation or combined heart surgery). Group B (absence of criteria) was made up of 485 (72.5%) CEAs. Perioperative mortality and cardiac and neurological morbidity were analysed. The statistical analysis was performed by means of the chi-squared test.

Results

For groups A and B, neurological morbidity rates were 5.9% and 2.4% –p = 0.02; relative risk (RR): 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI 95%): 1.08-5.37–; cardiac morbidity rate 1.6 and 0.4% (NS) and mortality rate 0.5 and 0.6% (NS), respectively. Overall morbidity and mortality (stroke, myocardial infarct or death) for group A was 8.1% and for group B it was 3.5% (p = 0.013; RR: 2.32; CI 95%: 1,18-4,56). Of all the criteria that were used, there was a correlation between contralateral occlusion and increased neurological morbidity (p = 0.001; RR: 4.66; CI 95%: 2,08-10,41).

Conclusion

Our series confirms that contralateral occlusion increases the risk of a stroke.

Key words:
Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid occlusion
Cerebrovascular disease
Perioperative morbidity
Stroke
Transient ischemic attack
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Copyright © 2006. SEACV
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