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Inicio Angiología Seguimiento de los aneurismas pequeños de la aorta abdominal infrarrenal
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Vol. 54. Núm. 6.
Páginas 434-445 (enero 2002)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 6.
Páginas 434-445 (enero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Seguimiento de los aneurismas pequeños de la aorta abdominal infrarrenal
Follow-up of small aneurysms in the infrarenal abdominal aorta
Seguimento dos pequenos aneurismas da aorta abdominal infra-renal
Visitas
2939
A. Barba-Véllez
Autor para correspondencia
abarba@hgda.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiologia y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital de Galdakao. Barrio Labeaga, s/n. E-48960 Usánsolo (Vizcaya). Fax: +34 944 007 006
, L. Estallo-Laliena, L. Rodríguez-González, S. Gimena-Funes, M. Baquer-Miravete
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital de Galdakao. Vizcaya, España
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Resumen
Introducción

Debido a los buenos resultados obtenidos actualmente con la cirugía convencional o con la técnica endovascular en el tratamiento de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal (AAA), pensamos que se está ampliando en ocasiones la indicación de dicho tratamiento a los AAA pequeños (AAAp). Intentando comparar nuestros resultados con los que consiguieron otros grupos, presentamos el siguiente trabajo.

Objetivo

Conocer la evolución de los AAA pequeños, determinar su tasa de crecimiento, número de roturas y mortalidad.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudiamos 297 pacientes con AAAp desde enero de 1988 hasta enero de 2000. El 93,3% eran varones y la edad media de 71 años. Controlamos su crecimiento mediante ecografías periódicas. Dividimos a los pacientes en dos grupos: uno con AAA menores de 4cm y otro con mayores. El seguimiento concluía cuando se resecaba el aneurisma, fallecían los pacientes o éstos finalizaban el estudio.

Resultados

El seguimiento medio fue de 35,6 meses. La tasa de crecimiento de los AAA menores de 4cm fue significativamente menor que la de los mayores (1,8 mm/año frente a 3,5 mm/año). Se resecaron 43 AAA (14,5%). Fallecieron 85 pacientes (28,6%), pero sólo en un caso se debió a la rotura de un AAA pequeño (0,3%). Se perdieron cinco pacientes (1,7%) durante el seguimiento. Finalizaron el estudio 164 pacientes con su aneurisma intacto (55,2%).

Conclusiones

Los AAAp crecen poco y tienen escasas posibilidades de romperse, por lo que únicamente deben operarse los que dan síntomas, crecen rápidamente o sobrepasen los 5cm de diámetro. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2002; 54: 434-45].

Palabras clave:
Aneurisma aórtico
Crecimiento
Rotura
Seguimiento
Summary
Introduction

Because of the good results currently obtained with conventional surgery or from using the endovascular technique in the treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta (AAA), we believe that on occasions the application of this treatment is being expanded to small AAA (sAAA). In an attempt to compare our findings with those of other groups, we present the following study

Aim

To find out the progress of sAAA, determine their growth rate, the number of ruptures and mortality.

Patients and methods

We conducted a study of 297 patients with sAAA between January 1988 and January 2000. 93.3% were males and the average age was 71 years old. Their growth was controlled by means of regular echographic scans. The patients were divided into two groups: one with AAA smaller than 4cm and the other with larger ones. The follow-up ended when the aneurysm was resected, the patients died or they finished the study.

Results

Average follow-up was 35.6 months. The growth rate of AAA smaller than 4cm was significantly lower than that of those that were larger (1.8 mm/year against 3.5 mm/year). 43 AAA (14.5%) were resected. 85 patients (28.6%) died, but only in one case was this due to the rupture of a sAAA (0.3%). Five patients (1.7%) were lost during the follow-up. A total of 164 patients finished the study with their aneurysm intact (55.2%).

Conclusions

The growth of sAAA is slow and the likelihood of their rupture is scarce. Therefore they should only be treated surgically when they present symptoms, grow quickly or surpass a diameter of 5cm.

Key words:
Aortic aneurysm
Follow-up
Growth
Rupture
Resumo
Introduçãao

Devido aos bons resultados obtidos actualmente com a cirurgia convencional ou com a técnica endovascular no tratamento dos aneurismas da aorta abdominal (AAA), pensamos que se está a ampliar por vezes a indicação do referido tratamento aos pequenos AAA (pAAA). Tentando comparar os nossos resultados com os que conseguiram outros grupos, apresentamos o seguinte trabalho.

Objectivo

Conhecer a evolução dos pAAA, determinar o seu índice de crescimento, o número de roturas e mortalidade.

Doentes e métodos

Estudámos 297 doentes com pAAA desde Janeiro de 2000. 93,3% eram homens e a idade média de 71 anos. Controlamos o seu crescimento mediante ecografias periódicas. Dividimos os doentes em dois grupos: um com AAA inferiores a 4cm e outro com dimensões superiores. O seguimento terminava quando se dissecava o aneurisma, faleciam os doentes ou estes concluíam o estudo.

Resultados

O seguimento médio foi de 35,6 meses. A taxa de crescimento dos AAA inferiores a 4cm foi significativamente menor do que os superiores (1,8 mm/ano face a 3,5 mm/ano). Dissecaram-se 43 AAA (14,5%). Faleceram 85 doentes (28,6%), mas apenas num caso resultou da rotura de um p AAA (0,3%). Perderam-se 5 doentes (1,7%) durante o seguimento. Terminaram o estudo 164 doentes com aneurisma intacto (55,2%).

Conclusões

Os pAAA crescem pouco e têm escassas probabilidades de se romperem, pelo que somente devem -se operar os que provocam sintomas, crescem ra-pidamente ou ultrapassem os 5cm de diâmetro.

Palabras clave:
Aneurisma aórtico
Crescimento
Rotura
Seguimento
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