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Vol. 56. Núm. 4.
Páginas 427-431 (enero 2004)
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Vol. 56. Núm. 4.
Páginas 427-431 (enero 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Trombocitopenia inducida por heparina en dosis profilácticas
Thrombocytopenia induced by heparin in prophylactic dosages
Trombocitopenia induzida por doses profilácticas de heparina
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2826
J. Molina, M. Miralles-Hernández
Autor para correspondencia
mirallesm@menta.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital del Mar. Pg. Marítim, 25-29. E-08003 Barcelona.
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona, España.
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Resumen
Bibliografía
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Estadísticas
Resumen
Introducción

La trombocitopenia inducida por heparina (TIH) es una complicación poco frecuente, mediada por inmuno-globulinas y no dosisdependiente. La sospecha de TIH secundaria a profilaxis con hepa-rinas raramente se considera, aunque sus complicaciones pueden ser igualmente graves.

Caso clínico

Varón de 52 años sometido electivamente a transposición de tuberosidad tibial de la extremidad inferior izquierda como tratamiento de un genu varo. El séptimo día postoperatorio, el paciente presentó signos clínicos de accidente vascular cerebral e isquemia en la extremidad inferior izquierda, que requirió trombectomía femo-ropoplítea y dos días después amputación supracondílea. La analítica reveló un recuento plaquetario de 26.000/mm3, con el resto de parámetros de coagulación normales y determinaciones negativas de anticuerpos anticar-diolipina y antifosfolípido. La agregometría plaquetaria mostró hipersensibilidad a la heparina cálcica. Ante la sospecha de TIH se suspendió su administración y se inició tratamiento con aspirina. Posteriormente, el paciente presentó infarto silviano izquierdo extenso y signos de compresión me-sencefálica, que evolucionó hacia la muerte cerebral al decimosexto día.

Conclusiones

La TIH, aunque poco frecuente, es una complicación potencialmente grave del tratamiento con heparina en cualquier dosis. Es mandatorio mantenerse alerta cuando el recuento plaquetario disminuye más del 30% y valorar la interrupción del tratamiento con heparina.

Palabras clave:
Heparina fraccionada
Trombocitopenia inducida por heparina
Trombocitopenia mediada por inmunoglobulinas
Trombosis
Summary
Introduction

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an infrequent complication mediated by immunoglobulins and is not dosage dependent. Suspecting HIT to be secondary to prophylaxis with heparins is rarely considered, although its complications can be just as serious

Case report

A 52-year-old male who was electively submitted to a transposition of the tibial tubercle of the left lower limb in order to treat genu varum. On the seventh day after the operation the patient presented clinical signs of a cerebrovascular accident and ischemia in the left lower limb, which required a femoral-popliteal thrombectomy, and two days later above-knee amputation was performed. Analyses revealed a platelet count of 26,000/mm3, the remaining coagulation parameters being normal and there were negative determinations of anticardiolipin and antiphospholipid antibodies. Platelet aggregometry showed hypersensitivity to calcium heparin. Since HIT was suspected, its administration was halted and treatment was started with aspirin. The patient later presented extensive sylvian infarction on the left side and signs of mesencephalic compression, which progressed towards cerebral death on the sixteenth day.

Conclusions

Although it is infrequent, HIT is a potentially serious complication of heparin therapy at any dosage. Extra care must be taken when the platelet count drops by more than 30% and the advantages of stopping treatment with heparin should be considered.

Key words:
Fractionated heparin
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Immunoglobulin-mediated thrombocytopenia
Thrombosis
Resumo
Introdução

A trombocitopenia induzida pela heparina (TIH) é uma complicação pouco frequente, mediada por imunoglobulinas e não dose-dependente. A suspeita de TIH secundária a profilaxia com heparinas raramente é considerada, embora as suas complicações possam ser igualmente graves.

Caso clínico

Homem de 52 anos de idade submetido electivamente a transposição de tuberosidade tibial do membro inferior esquerdo como tratamento de joelho varo. Ao sétimo dia pós-operatório, o doente apresentou sinais clínicos de acidente vascular cerebral e isquemia no membro inferior esquerdo, que requereu trombectomia fémoro-poplítea e, após dois dias, amputação supracondiliana. As análises revelaram contagem plaquetária de 26.000/mm 3, com os restantes parâmetros de coagulação normais e determinações negativas de anticorpos anticardiolipina e antifosfolipido. A agregometria plaquetária evidenciou hiper-sensibilidade à heparina cálcica. Perante a suspeita de TIH suspendeu-se a sua administração e iniciou-se o tratamento com ácido acetilsalicílico. Posteriormente o doente apresentou enfarte silviano esquerdo extenso e sinais de compressão mesencefálica, quadro que evoluiu para a morte cerebral ao décimo sexto dia.

Conclusões

A TIH, embora pouco frequente, é uma complicação potencialmente grave do tratamento com heparina em qualquer dose. É mandatório manterse alerta quando a contagem plaquetária diminui mais de 30% e considerar a interrupção do tratamento com heparina.

Palavras chave:
Heparina fraccionada
Trombocitopenia induzida por heparina
Trombocitopenia mediada por imunoglobulinas
Trombose
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2004. SEACV
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