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Vol. 56. Núm. 6.
Páginas 561-570 (enero 2004)
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Vol. 56. Núm. 6.
Páginas 561-570 (enero 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Control de la infección-colonización por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en un Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular
Control of infection and colonisation by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in an angiology and vascular surgery service
Controlo da infecção-colo-nização pelo staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente à num serviço de angiologia e cirurgia vascular
Visitas
1810
F. Vaquero-Lorenzoa,
Autor para correspondencia
fvaquero@mixmail.com

Dr. Fernando Vaquero Lorenzo. Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hongo, 4, Policlínicas. Hospital General de Asturias. Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33006 Oviedo (Asturias).
, J.M Llaneza-Cotoa, A. Fleites-Gutiérrezb, D. López-Garcíaa, H. Cubillas-Martína, N. Alonso-Péreza, E. Santamarta-Fariñaa, M.J Ramos-Galloa, L.A Camblor-Santervása, M.A Menéndez-Herreroa, J.A Carreño-Morrondoa, J. Rodríguez-Olaya, J.M. Gutiérrez-Juliána
a Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular.
b Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Hospital General de Asturias. Oviedo, Asturias, España.
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Summary

Introduction. Nosocomial infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become an epidemic in recent years. One of the groups of patients most often affected, owing to the very characteristics of the group itself, is that involving patients who are hospitalised in a Vascular Surgery Unit. Aims. Our aim was to determine the rates of infection and colonisation by MRSA and to evaluate the effectiveness of steps taken to control this situation. Patients and methods. In a retrospective study, we analysed 157 cases in 155patients hospitalised in our service who had had at least one positive culture for MRSA between January 1993 and December 2002, together with the riskfactors. The annual rates of MRSA in the service were compared with the overall hospital rates. Cases coming from the community and those involving acquisition while in hospital were analysed. Results. There were 122 cases of infection and 35 of colonisation; 60.5% were cases of nosocomial acquisition and 39.5% came from the community and transfers. No differences were found in the riskfactors between the two groups. 27% of all cases of MRSA in the hospital occurred in our service. Since the introduction of control measures (hospital hygiene barrier, isolation, decontamination, detection of carriers) in 1994, there has been a 50% overall reduction in MRSA incidence (p <0.05). Our service was not affected by the epidemic outbreaks that occurred in the hospital. Our analysis found that 20 patients died and 21 underwent major amputation. Conclusions. Infection and colonisation by MRSA is a serious problem in vascular surgery. The control programme, involving the nursing team and the Microbiology and Vascular Surgery services, has proved to be effective. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2004; 56: 561-70]

Palabras clave:
Colonisation
Control measures
Infection
Methicillin-resistant S
aureus1
Resumen

Introducción. La infección intra-hospitalaria por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) ha adquirido en los últimos años un carácter epidémico. Uno de los grupos de pacientes más afectados, por sus características, son aquellos ingresados en un Servicio de Cirugía Vascular. Objetivos. Determinar las tasas de infección-colonización por SARM y valorar la efectividad de las medidas de control. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo. Se analizan 157 casos en 155 pacientes ingresados en nuestro servicio que presentaron al menos un cultivo positivo para SARM entre enero 1993 y diciembre 2002, y los factores de riesgo. Se comparan las tasas anuales de SARM en el servicio con las globales hospitalarias. Se analizan los casos provenientes de la comunidad y los de adquisición hospitalaria. Resultados. 122 casos de infección; 35 de colonización. 60,5% de adquisición nosocomial y 39,5% procedentes de la comunidad y trasladados. No diferencia en factores de riesgo entre los grupos. El 27% de casos totales de SARM del hospital pertenecen a nuestro servicio. Desde la introducción en 1994 de las medidas de control (barrera e higiene hospitalaria, aislamiento, descontaminación, detección de portadores) hubo una reducción global del 50% de incidencia de SARM (p <0,05). Los brotes epidémicos del hospital no afectaron a nuestro servicio. 20 pacientes fallecieron y 21 sufrieron amputación mayor. Conclusiones. La infección-colonización por SARM representa un grave problema en cirugía vascular. El programa de control se ha demostrado eficaz, implicando al equipo de enfermería, y a los servicios de Microbiología y Cirugía Vascular. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2004; 56: 561-70]

Palabras clave:
Colonización
Infección
Medidas de control
Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina
Resumo

Introdução. A infeccao intra-hospitalar por Staphylococcus aureus resistente á meticilina (SARM) adquiriu nos últimos anos um carácter epidémico. Um dos grupos de doentes mais atingidos, devido ás suas características particulares, é o dos doentes internados no Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular. Objectivos. Determinar as taxas da infecçõo-colonizaçõo por SARM e avaliar a eficacia das medidas de controlo. Doentes e métodos. Estudo retrospectivo. Analisaram-se 157 casos em 155 doentes que deram entrada no nosso servico e que apresentaram pelo menos uma cultura positiva de SARM entre Janeiro de 1993 e Dezembro de 2002, e os factores de risco. Compararam-se as taxas anuais de SARM no servico com as taxas globais hospitalares. Analisaram-se os casos provenientes da comunidade e os adquiridos na unidade hospitalar. Resultados. 122 casos de infeccao; 35 de colonização, 60,5% de aquisição nosocomial e 39,5% provenientes da comunidade e transferidos. Não há diferença quanto aos factores de risco entre os grupos. 27% do total de casos de SARM do hospital pertencem ao nosso servico. Desde a introdução, em 1994, de medidas de controlo (barreira e higiene hospitalar, isola mento, descontaminação, detecçõo de portadores) houve uma reduçõo global de 50% na incidência de SARM (p <0,05). Os surtos epidémicos do hospital não afectaram o nosso serviço. Morreram 20 doentes e 21 sofreram amputação major. Conclusões. A infecção-colonização por SARM representa um grave problema na cirurgia vascular. O programa de controlo revelou ser eficaz, envolvendo a equipa de enfermaria, e os servicos de Microbiologia e Cirurgia Vascular. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2004; 56: 561-70]

Palabras clave:
Colonização
Infecção
Medidas de controlo
Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente
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Copyright © 2004. SEACV
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