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Vol. 55. Núm. 4.
Páginas 352-360 (enero 2003)
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Vol. 55. Núm. 4.
Páginas 352-360 (enero 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Implicaciones fisiopatológicas de la angiogénesis en la patología vascular
Physiopathological implications of angiogenesis in vascular pathologies
ImplicacÓes fisiopatolÓgicas da angiogÉnese na patologia vascular
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5432
A. Rodríguez-Morata
Autor para correspondencia
armoratavas@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Clínico S. Cecilio. Avda. Dr. Olóriz, 16. E-18012 Granada.
, E. Ros-Díe
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Clínico S. Cecilio. Granada, España.
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Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar la importancia de un fenómeno normaly patológico, la angiogénesis; su origen, consecuencias e implicación en la fisiopatología de algunas enfermedades vasculares como la arteriosclerosis y la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP).

Desarrollo

La angiogénesis es un proceso fisiológico involucrado en el organismo en la reparación tisular en general. Su estímulo depende de la hipoxia y de una serie de factores angiogénicos, como el factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial (VEGF) y el factor de crecimiento fibroblástico (FGF), que actúan mediante la activación del endotelio, que se comporta como el factor limitante para la creación de nuevas estructuras tubulares. Este proceso ha cobrado recientemente un papel cada vez más relevante dentro de las cadenas fisiopatológicas de ciertas patologías vasculares, como la ateromatosis carotídea, en la cual promueve el contacto entre los monocitos y el interior del ateroma y predispone a la hemorragia intraplaca, la rotura, la inestabilidad y la sintomatología; igualmente, en la TVP favorece el contacto entre los monocitos y el trombo, permite la liberación del activador del plasminógeno tisular y la urocinasa in situ, y acelera la lisis del mismo.

Conclusiones

A partir del conocimiento exhaustivo de la angiogénesis y las circunstancias especiales con las que se asocia, estaremos en disposición de potenciarla o frenarla, desde un punto de vista terapéutico, en situaciones de importancia y prevalencia, como son estas patologías vasculares, al igual que se investiga actualmente en el campo de la isquemia crónica coronaria y de las extremidades.

Palabras clave:
Angiogénesis
Ateromatosis
Células endoteliales
Monocitos
Factor de crecimiento
Trombosis venosa profunda
Summary
Aims

To study the importance of an everyday pathological phenomenon: angiogenesis. We sought to examine its origin, consequences and implications in the pathophysiology of certain vascular pathologies, such as arteriosclerosis and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Development

Angiogenesis is a physiologicalprocess involved in tissue repair of the organism in general. Whether or not it is stimulated depends on hypoxia and a series of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which act by activating the endothelium and it behaves as a restricting factor in the creation of new tubular structures. This process has recently become increasingly important in the physiopathological chains of vascular pathologies like carotid atheromatosis, where it promotes contact between mononuclear cells and the inside of the atheroma. It also gives rise to a predisposition to intraplaque haemorrhage, rupture, instability andsymptomatology. Likewise, in DVT it favours contact between mononuclear cells and the thrombus, allows the release of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in situ, and accelerates its lysis.

Conclusions

An exhaustive knowledge of angiogenesis and the special circumstances associated with it will enable us to reinforce or stop it, from a therapeutic point of view, in situations of importance and prevalence like these vascular pathologies, in the same way as research is currently being carried out in the field of chronic is chemia of the heart and the limbs.

Palabras clave:
Angiogenesis
Atheromatosis
Deep vein thrombosis
Endothelialcells
Growthfactor
Mononuclear cells
Resumo
Objectivo

Estudar a importância de um fenómeno normal e patológico como a angiogénese; sua origem, consecuencias e envolvimento na fisiopatologia de algumas doenças vasculares como a arteriosclerose e a trombose venosa profunda (TVP).

Desenvolvimento

A angiogénese é um processo fisiológico utilizado pelo organismo para a reparação tissular em geral. O seu estímulo depende da hipoxia e de uma série de factores angiogénicos como o factor de crescimento vascular endotelial (VEGF) e factor de crescimento fibroblástico (FGF), que actuam através da activação do endotélio, que se comporta como o factor limitador para a criação de novas estruturas tubulares. Este processo desempenha recentemente um papel cada vez mais relevante dentro das cadeias fisiopatológicas das patologias vasculares como a ateromatose carotídea, que promove o contacto entre os mononucleares e o interior do ateroma e predispõe a hemorragia intra-placa, a rotura, a instabilidade e a sintomatologia; da mesma forma, a TVP favorece o contacto entre células mononucleares e o trombo, levando à libertação do activador do plasminógeno tissular e uroquinase in situ, acelerando a lise do mesmo.

Conclusões

A partir do conhecimento exaustivo da angiogénese e as circunstâncias especiais que associa, estaremos na disposição de potenciá-la ou travá-la, sob um ponto de vista terapêutico, em situações de importância e prevalência como estas patologias vasculares, tal como se investiga actualmente no campo da isquemia coronária crónica e das extremidades.z

Palavras chave:
Angiogénese
Ateromatose
Células endoteliais
Células mononucleares
Factor de crescimento
Trombose venosa profunda
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