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Inicio Atención Primaria La hipertensión en los ancianos y resultados globales en salud con distintas te...
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Vol. 26. Núm. 8.
Páginas 533-541 (enero 1999)
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Vol. 26. Núm. 8.
Páginas 533-541 (enero 1999)
Acceso a texto completo
La hipertensión en los ancianos y resultados globales en salud con distintas terapias farmacológicas
Hypertension in the elderly and end-points in health with different pharmacological therapy
Visitas
3382
V. Ruiz-Garcíaa,
Autor para correspondencia
ruiz_vicgar@gva.es

Correspondencia: Vicente Ruiz-García C/ Padre Fullana, 6, 7.°-19. 46015 Valencia.
, R. Peirób
a Unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio. Hospital La Fe. Conselleria de Sanitat. Hospital La Fe y Centro de Salud Pública Alzira. Conselleria de Sanitat de Valencia. Valencia
b Centro de Salud Pública Alzira. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consellería de Sanitat. Hospital La Fe y Centro de Salud Pública Alzira. Conselleria de Sanitat de Valencia. Valencia
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Bibliografía
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Estadísticas
Objetivos

Se revisa el tratamiento antihipertensivo en los ancianos, los resultados en morbilidad y mortalidad con distintas terapias farmacológicas.

Diseño

Revisión sistemática.

Participantes

Se revisan los ensayos de ancianos –hipertensión– con resultados en morbimortalidad de Medline y en la base de datos de la colaboración Cochrane.

Mediciones y resultados principales

Beneficio de tratamiento en pacientes ancianos medido como morbilidad (coronaria, cerebral) y mortalidad (general, cardiovascular y cerebrovascular).

Resultados

Existe suficiente evidencia de que el tratamiento de la hipertensión es útil en los ancianos, aunque es dudosa la eficacia para ancianos de edad superior a 80 años.

Mortalidad general

RR, 0,84 (0,75–0,94); morbilidad coronaria: RR, 0,80 (0,70–0,92). Para mayores de 80 años, mortalidad general; RR, 1 (0,86–1,17), y mortalidad cardiovascular: RR, 0,94 (0,75–1,18). No todos los grupos farmacológicos producen los mismos resultados en mortalidad y morbilidad. Los diuréticos son los que mejores resultados aportan sobre el resto de tratamientos farmacológicos. Sólo los diuréticos a dosis bajas mejoran la mortalidad cardiovascular y modifican la morbilidad cerebrovascular.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento farmacológico en los ancianos hipertensos es beneficioso en términos de mortalidad y morbilidad. El tratamiento con diuréticos a dosis bajas, con o sin ahorradores de potasio, es el tratamiento electivo para la hipertensión en los ancianos.

Palabras clave:
Ancianos
Hipertensión
Morbilidad
Mortalidad
Tratamiento
Objectives

To describe the benefits of treatment for hypertension in the elderly, the most efficient drugs, those most widely used in clinical practice to reduce morbi-mortality taken from the literature.

Design

Systematic review.

Participants

Review study in Medline and the Cochrane Collaboration database. The antihypertensive pharmacological treatment is described (diuretics high and low dosage, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitor, and beta-blockers) administered to elderly people and their outcomes in morbi-mortality.

Measurements and main results

Reduction in coronary and cerebral morbidity and general, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality.

Results

There is evidence to suggest that treatment for hypertension is helpful in the elderly, although efficiency is doubtful in patients over 80 years old. For persons aged over 65 general mortality is RR = 0.84 (0.75–0.94) and coronary morbidity RR = 0.80 (0.70–0.92). For persons aged over 80 general mortality is RR = 1 (0.86–1.17) and cardiovascular mortality is RR = 0.94 (0.75–1.18). Not all pharmacological groups produce the same results in mortality and morbidity. Diuretics (low dosage) offer better results than the remaining treatments reducing cardiovascular mortality as well cerebrovascular morbidity.

Conclusions

Treatment with drugs in hypertense elderly people is beneficial in terms of mortality and morbidity. Treatment with low dose diuretics, with or without potassium savers, is the elective treatment for hypertension in elderly patients.

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