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Tabaco y publicidad. Revisión de los estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2008
Tobacco and advertising. Systematic review of the articles published between 2000 and 2008
Joan Carles March Cerdá, Astrid Suess, Alina Danet
Autor para correspondencia
alina.danet.easp@juntadeandalucia.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, M.A.. María Ángeles Prieto Rodríguez, Manuel Romero Vallecillos
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n la OMS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> existen en el mundo m&#225;s de 1&#46;100 millones de fumadores &#40;2002&#41; y dentro de la Uni&#243;n Europea la mayor proporci&#243;n se encuentra en los pa&#237;ses mediterr&#225;neos&#46; El consumo de tabaco puede causar la muerte o enfermedades graves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; se prev&#233; que provoque la muerte de 175 millones de personas en el mundo entre 2008 y 2030<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> y se asocia a importantes trastornos adictivos y a da&#241;os psicol&#243;gicos para la persona y su entorno<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pese a la regularizaci&#243;n de la prevenci&#243;n y el control de tabaquismo&#44; la industria tabacalera sigue empleando la publicidad&#44; entendida como &#8220;toda forma de comunicaci&#243;n&#44; recomendaci&#243;n o acci&#243;n comercial cuyo objetivo o efecto directo o indirecto sea la promoci&#243;n de un producto de tabaco o el uso del tabaco&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; reorganizando sus estrategias publicitarias y de promoci&#243;n &#40;por ejemplo&#44; el &#8220;modelo de rol&#8221; dirigido a j&#243;venes y a ni&#241;os a trav&#233;s del patrocinio de acontecimientos deportivos&#44; conciertos y otras actividades de ocio&#41;&#46; Lo que se pretende es capitalizar la diferencia entre la imagen idealizada de s&#237; mismo y la real&#44; y enviar el mensaje de que fumar podr&#237;a llenar la diferencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> y alterar la percepci&#243;n sobre la imagen del fumador y su estilo de vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib7"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#46; La relaci&#243;n de las industrias tabacaleras con los medios de comunicaci&#243;n utiliza como principal canal a los medios escritos&#44; revistas de consumo juvenil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> y mensajes a la poblaci&#243;n infantil a trav&#233;s de im&#225;genes de dibujos animados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de esta revisi&#243;n bibliogr&#225;fica es evaluar la influencia de la publicidad de tabaco en los h&#225;bitos de consumo&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La b&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica se llev&#243; a cabo en septiembre de 2008&#44; y se revisaron todos los estudios publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de agosto de 2008&#44; incluidos en las siguientes bases de datos&#58; PubMed&#44; Ovid&#44; Scielo&#44; Mediclatina&#44; Elsevier-Doyma e Isooc &#40;CSIC&#41;&#46; Los descriptores se relacionaron a trav&#233;s de operadores booleanos y han sido en ingl&#233;s &#8220;tabacco&#8221;&#44; &#8220;cigarettes&#8221;&#44; &#8220;smok&#42;&#8221; &#40;smoke y smoking&#41;&#44; &#8220;publicity&#8221;&#44; &#8220;advertis&#42;&#8221; &#40;advertise y advertising&#41;&#44; &#8220;media&#8221;&#44; y en espa&#241;ol &#8220;tabaco&#8221;&#44; &#8220;fumar&#8221;&#44; &#8220;publicidad&#8221;&#44; &#8220;promoci&#243;n&#8221; y &#8220;medios de comunicaci&#243;n&#8221;&#46; Se incluyeron en la revisi&#243;n los trabajos de &#225;mbito nacional o internacional que relacionaran el consumo de tabaco con alguna pr&#225;ctica publicitaria o de promoci&#243;n&#46; Se eliminaron las investigaciones referidas a prevenci&#243;n&#44; intervenci&#243;n o prohibici&#243;n a trav&#233;s de campa&#241;as&#44; medidas&#44; planes y leyes antitabaco&#46; Los 44 art&#237;culos seleccionados &#40;preseleccionados mediante la lectura del t&#237;tulo y el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">abstract</span>&#44; localizados en formato completo y seleccionados definitivamente&#41; se listan en la biblilograf&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib11"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;53</span></a>&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la informaci&#243;n incluida en los art&#237;culos se realiz&#243; alrededor de las siguientes variables&#58; actores sociales identificados&#44; metodolog&#237;a de los estudios y tema sobre los que versan los estudios&#46; Las conclusiones de la revisi&#243;n se construyeron a partir de los resultados de los art&#237;culos seleccionados y se contextualizaron con ayuda de bibliograf&#237;a complementaria&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="d-fig1"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas de los art&#237;culos &#40;&#225;mbito&#44; revista de publicaci&#243;n&#44; metodolog&#237;a empleada&#44; poblaci&#243;n de estudio y tem&#225;tica&#41; se incluyen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">tabla 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los actores sociales identificados son consumidores &#40;grupos de poblaci&#243;n diana de los mensajes publicitarios&#41;&#44; industria tabacalera&#44; medios de comunicaci&#243;n&#44; autoridades legales&#44; numerosos intermediarios&#44; organizadores de actos y acontecimientos p&#250;blicos&#44; comerciantes&#44; empresas anunciadoras&#44; etc&#46; Se observa la variedad de la metodolog&#237;a utilizada en los 44 art&#237;culos&#44; lo que asegura la heterogeneidad de enfoques&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los temas que m&#225;s se estudian en los art&#237;culos seleccionados son la poblaci&#243;n joven como objetivo de las campa&#241;as&#44; el inicio temprano del consumo&#44; el mantenimiento de &#233;ste durante la vida adulta y en personas vulnerables socialmente &#40;recursos socioecon&#243;micos reducidos&#44; colectivo de gais y lesbianas&#41;&#44; la imagen de la persona fumadora &#40;con especial atenci&#243;n a su atractivo f&#237;sico e idea de libertad&#41; y las estrategias publicitarias adaptadas a los requerimientos legales&#46;</p></span><span class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados de esta revisi&#243;n ponen de manifiesto que la actividad de promoci&#243;n y publicidad desarrollada por las industrias tabacaleras guarda relaci&#243;n directa con el consumo de tabaco en la poblaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La primera estrategia de an&#225;lisis encontrada en los art&#237;culos revisados es el estudio de los documentos internos de la industria tabacalera&#44; que han empezado a hacerse p&#250;blicos en el contexto de situaciones legales y de litigaci&#243;n&#44; a partir de la d&#233;cada de los 90<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib54"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#8211;57</span></a> y ponen de manifiesto la actuaci&#243;n de estas empresas en b&#250;squeda de sus objetivos&#58; influir el proceso pol&#237;tico&#44; mantener precios accesibles&#44; cambiar el nombre y la imagen corporativa&#44; deformar o distorsionar la informaci&#243;n cient&#237;fica&#44; crear redes de influencia y promover el tabaco a trav&#233;s de recursos nuevos y llamativos&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los art&#237;culos revisados identificamos el intento de mejorar la imagen de las empresas a trav&#233;s de mensajes antitabaco con tal de mejorar la opini&#243;n p&#250;blica sobre la industria y aumentar la confianza en sus mensajes&#46; En paralelo a este &#8220;lavado de cara&#8221;&#44; se intenta convencer a los fumadores y a los potenciales fumadores de las ventajas del consumo de tabaco&#44; incluso se crean datos &#8220;seudocient&#237;ficos&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib55"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> para desconectar el tabaco del c&#225;ncer o del efecto adictivo de la nicotina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib58"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; La apertura de nuevos mercados en el contexto de la globalizaci&#243;n queda evidente tambi&#233;n en los art&#237;culos revisados&#44; donde encontramos trabajos de China&#44; India&#44; M&#233;xico o Taiw&#225;n&#46; La bibliograf&#237;a internacional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib59"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59&#8211;61</span></a>&#44; as&#237; como la evidencia del aumento de fumadores en pa&#237;ses con reciente privatizaci&#243;n del sector tabacalero&#44; demuestran la rapidez con la que las industrias han sabido establecerse en los nuevos mercados&#44; vulnerables por la escasez legislativa y los intereses econ&#243;micos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib62"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La actividad de promoci&#243;n del tabaco se ha adaptado en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os a las exigencias legales&#44; que han restringido paulatinamente los l&#237;mites de consumo&#44; acceso y publicidad del tabaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib63"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; lejos de haber desaparecido&#44; las estrategias publicitarias han desarrollado maneras menos obvias y m&#225;s creativas de llegar a su p&#250;blico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib64"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64&#8211;67</span></a>&#58; cupones y descuentos en bares&#44; discotecas y estancos&#44; art&#237;culos de regalo&#44; mensajes de publicidad por correo electr&#243;nico o el patrocinio de acontecimientos culturales o deportivos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib68"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a>&#46; Uno de los recursos m&#225;s usados en Espa&#241;a es el patrocinio de actividades deportivas &#40;por ejemplo&#44; Altadis en el motociclismo mediante sus marcas Ducados y Fortuna&#59; en tenis con Nobel&#44; o en regatas de vela con Fortuna&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib69"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una segunda forma de estudiar las estrategias publicitarias protabaco y su impacto es centrarse en los canales de informaci&#243;n empleados&#44; principalmente los medios de comunicaci&#243;n&#44; que aparecen como un instrumento com&#250;nmente empleado en la publicidad de tabaco&#46; Cuando la publicidad directa de tabaco est&#225; prohibida&#44; la tendencia es buscar mensajes que utilizan gestos an&#225;logos al fumar o inducir en el p&#250;blico la idea de que fumar es un acto que conlleva libertad&#44; desinhibici&#243;n&#44; felicidad o aventura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib70"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a>&#46; La publicidad impresa se encuentra b&#225;sicamente en revistas juveniles de ocio y su impacto en el consumo es importante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib26"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; La televisi&#243;n transmite mensajes protabaco de manera indirecta&#58; a trav&#233;s de actores-&#237;dolos juveniles que fuman en series y pel&#237;culas se incita al adolescente a realizar un acto que simb&#243;licamente significa superar restricciones&#44; saltar normas o ser libre<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib71"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&#46; Los j&#243;venes&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; asimilan la presencia del h&#225;bito de fumar como algo natural y no cuestionan negativamente su aparici&#243;n en las pantallas&#44; por lo que la tendencia de imitaci&#243;n puede ser incluso mayor&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La publicidad de tabaco en los medios de comunicaci&#243;n expone&#44; por tanto&#44; a riesgos graves para la salud y en el caso de los j&#243;venes se puede asociar tambi&#233;n a comportamientos sociales no deseados&#44; relaciones conflictivas con la familia y el entorno&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="201305021344435361"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Resultados"
        ]
        7 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Discusi&#243;n"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2009-01-07"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2009-06-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec96311"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Tabaco"
            1 => "Productos derivados del tabaco"
            2 => "Publicidad"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec96312"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Tobacco"
            1 => "Tobacco-derived products"
            2 => "Publicity"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar la influencia de la publicidad de tabaco en los h&#225;bitos de consumo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Dise&#241;o</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fuente de datos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PubMed&#44; Ovid&#44; Scielo&#44; Mediclatina&#44; Elsevier-Doyma e Isooc &#40;CSIC&#41; &#40;enero 2000-septiembre 2008&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han incluido 44 art&#237;culos de &#225;mbito nacional o internacional que relacionan el consumo de tabaco con alguna pr&#225;ctica publicitaria o de promoci&#243;n&#46; Se han eliminado los art&#237;culos que no se centran en el impacto de la publicidad y la promoci&#243;n del tabaco sobre la conducta de consumo y las investigaciones referidas a prevenci&#243;n&#44; a intervenci&#243;n o a prohibici&#243;n a trav&#233;s de campa&#241;as&#44; medidas&#44; planes y leyes antitabaco&#46; El an&#225;lisis de los art&#237;culos se ha centrado en los actores identificados&#44; la metodolog&#237;a empleada y la tem&#225;tica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La publicidad influye en el consumo de tabaco&#46; Los mensajes publicitarios llevan a iniciar el h&#225;bito &#40;5 art&#237;culos&#41; y a mantener el h&#225;bito &#40;3 art&#237;culos&#41;&#44; construyen el concepto y la imagen de la persona fumadora &#40;5 art&#237;culos&#41; y usan diferentes estrategias publicitarias &#40;22 art&#237;culos&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La publicidad desarrollada por las industrias tabacaleras emplea diversas estrategias de influencia directa en el consumo de tabaco de la poblaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the influence of tobacco advertising on consumer habits&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Design</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Data sources</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PubMed&#44; Ovid&#44; Scielo&#44; Mediclatina&#44; Elsevier-Doyma&#44; Isooc &#40;CSIC&#41; &#40;January 2000-September 2008&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 44 national and international articles&#44; linking the consumption of tobacco with any promotional or advertising practice&#46; Articles not focused on the impact of advertising and promotion of cigarettes and research on prevention&#44; intervention&#44; plans and laws were removed&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Advertising influences tobacco consumption&#46; Publicity leads to starting smoking &#40;5 articles&#41; and maintaining the habit &#40;3 articles&#41;&#46; It uses the relationship between advertising and smoker&#39;s image and concept &#40;5 articles&#41; and different advertising strategies &#40;22 articles&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The advertising developed by the tobacco industry uses different strategies of influence on the consumption of cigarettes in the population&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl1"
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                  <a target="_blank" href="main.stripin/si0001.gif"><span class="e-comp" style="background:PowderBlue;" title="Click here to view Table Image">Click&nbsp;Here&nbsp;To&nbsp;View&nbsp;Stripin</span></a><p style="margin-bottom:0em"></p><table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Art&#237;culos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;mbito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nacional</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Internacional</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estados Unidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Canad&#225;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>China&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Noruega&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taiw&#225;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#233;xico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alemania&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>India&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Espa&#241;a-Francia-Alemania&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revistas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>American Journal of Public Health&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tobacco Control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gaceta Sanitaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>American Journal of Preventive Medicine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Revista Espa&#241;ola de Salud P&#250;blica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Metodolog&#237;a empleada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#233;cnicas cuantitativas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#233;cnicas cualitativas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>An&#225;lisis de contenido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Revisiones bibliogr&#225;ficas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Comentarios y debate te&#243;rico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Poblaci&#243;n de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>J&#243;venes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Personas con nivel socioecon&#243;mico bajo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mujeres&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gais&#44; lesbianas y transexuales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tem&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Inicio en el consumo de tabaco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mantenimiento del h&#225;bito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Relaci&#243;n de la publicidad con el concepto y la imagen de la persona fumadora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="justify" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estrategias publicitarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Lo conocido sobre el tema</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las empresas tabacaleras ajustan sus mecanismos de publicidad y promoci&#243;n a las condiciones legales en vigor&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La promoci&#243;n se basa en nuevas estrategias que presentan y dirigen los productos a la poblaci&#243;n m&#225;s vulnerable&#44; sobre todo a j&#243;venes&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Qu&#233; aporta este estudio</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se evidencia la heterogeneidad de actores sociales implicados en la promoci&#243;n de tabaco&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia y el impacto de la publicidad de tabaco son altas y hacen uso de mensajes adaptados cultural y socialmente&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span></span>"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The tobacco&#39;s atlas"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Mackay"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Who report on the global tobacco epidemic&#46; The MPOWER package&#44; 2008&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Tabaquismo&#58; consecuencias para la salud"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Mir&#243;"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "editorial" => "Universidad de Granada"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Granada"
                      ]
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              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization&#46; WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic&#44; 2008&#46; The MPOWER package&#46;"
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              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ley 28&#47;2005&#44; de 26 de diciembre de medidas sanitarias frente al tabaquismo y reguladora de la venta&#44; el suministro&#44; el consumo y la publicidad de los productos del tabaco&#46; BOE N&#46;&#176; 309&#44; de 27 de diciembre de 2005&#59; p&#46; 42241&#8211;50&#46;"
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            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tobacco"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;S&#46; Gold"
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "editorial" => "Plenum Press"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Nueva York"
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            6 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "U&#46;S&#46; Department of Health and Human Services&#46; Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People&#58; A Report of the Surgeon General&#46; Atlanta&#58; U&#46;S&#46; Department of Health and Human Services&#44; Public Health Service&#44; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&#44; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion&#44; Office on Smoking and Health&#44; 1994&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/C/F/T/_/nnbcft.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;profiles&#46;nlm&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;NN&#47;B&#47;C&#47;F&#47;T&#47;&#95;&#47;nnbcft&#46;pdf</a>"
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            7 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "8"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking and self-perception in secondary school students"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;E&#46; Minigawa"
                            1 => "D&#46; While"
                            2 => "A&#46; Charlton"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Tob Control"
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                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "215"
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            8 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "9"
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "RJR&#46; MacDonald Document 286&#46; P1980-1 &#40;RJR Mac Donald Inc &#38; Imperial Tobacco v&#46; The Attorney General of Canada&#41;&#46;"
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            9 => array:3 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "RJR Nabisco&#39;s cartoon camel promotes Camel cigarettes to children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; DiFranza"
                            1 => "J&#46;W&#46; Richards"
                            2 => "P&#46;M&#46; Paulman"
                            3 => "N&#46; Wolf-Gillespie"
                            4 => "C&#46; Fletcher"
                            5 => "R&#46;D&#46; Jaffe"
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                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "226"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3149"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3153"
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            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Alarc&#243;n S&#44; Bellido I&#44; Blas E&#44; Calle A&#44; Cuesta JM&#44; Lavado C&#46; Series de televisi&#243;n&#46; &#191;Influyen en los adolescentes&#63; Index de Enfermer&#237;a&#46; 2001&#59;35&#58;18&#8211;21"
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            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marketing to the marginalised&#58; Tobacco industry targeting of the homeless and mentally ill"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;E&#46; Apollonio"
                            1 => "R&#46;E&#46; Malone"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/tc.2005.011890"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Tob Control"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "409"
                        "paginaFinal" => "415"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16319365"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Talk is cheap&#58; The tobacco companies&#8217; violations of their own cigarette advertising code"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Arnett"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/10810730591009763"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Health Commun"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "419"
                        "paginaFinal" => "431"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16199386"
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            13 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The future of tobacco marketing in Canada"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Auger"
                            1 => "M&#46;F&#46; Raynault"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "CJPH"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "278"
                        "paginaFinal" => "280"
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            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cigarette advertising in Mumbai&#44; India&#58; Targeting different socioeconomic groups&#44; women&#44; and youth"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Bansal"
                            1 => "S&#46; John"
                            2 => "P&#46;M&#46; Ling"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/tc.2004.010173"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Tob Control"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "201"
                        "paginaFinal" => "206"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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