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Cirugía de arco aórtico con circulación extracorpórea en período neonatal
Neonatal aortic arch surgery on by-pass
Juan-Miguel Gil-Jaurenaa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
giljaurena@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Ramón Pérez-Caballeroa,b, Ana Pitaa,b, Carlos Pardoa,b, Diego Monzóna,b, Rosario Pérezb,c, Blanca Ramírezb,c, José Zamoranob,c
a Cirugía Cardiaca Infantil, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
c Perfusión Infantil, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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surgi&#243; como coadyuvante de la protecci&#243;n del enc&#233;falo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; facilitando sangre por la l&#237;nea de retorno arterial y a trav&#233;s del primer tronco supraa&#243;rtico&#46; Merced a la circulaci&#243;n colateral &#40;subclavias&#44; intercostales&#41;&#44; y con ayuda de cierta hipotermia&#44; se supone garantizado el flujo som&#225;tico&#46; Varios trabajos han sido publicados comparando ambas estrategias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a>&#58; hipotermia profunda con paro circulatorio frente a PCA&#44; estudiando la perfusi&#243;n cerebral y da&#241;os neurol&#243;gicos a diferentes temperaturas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; La experiencia acumulada ha permitido estudiar la circulaci&#243;n entre ambos hemisferios cerebrales&#44; garantizando una correcta perfusi&#243;n mediante la canulaci&#243;n de una sola arteria car&#243;tida &#40;y vertebral&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un paso m&#225;s en la estrategia quir&#250;rgica consiste en la perfusi&#243;n coronaria durante la cirug&#237;a del arco a&#243;rtico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; De esta forma se pueden acometer reparaciones del arco en hipotermia moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> y a coraz&#243;n latiendo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;beating heart&#41;</span>&#44; incluso es posible perfundir la aorta descendente a la vez que el cerebro y el coraz&#243;n&#44; estableciendo un circuito donde solo el arco a&#243;rtico queda excluido&#46; Dicha estrategia&#44; bautizada por un grupo alem&#225;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">total body perfusion</span> &#40;TBP&#41; garantiza la perfusi&#243;n incluso en hipotermia ligera&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Describimos nuestra serie inicial de cirug&#237;a de arco a&#243;rtico con perfusi&#243;n cerebral selectiva e hipotermia moderada &#40;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41;&#44; as&#237; como los primeros casos de TBP&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Incluimos datos de todos los pacientes intervenidos de cirug&#237;a de arco a&#243;rtico desde enero de 2013 hasta julio de 2020&#46; La mayor&#237;a corresponden a cirug&#237;a en periodo neonatal&#44; con circulaci&#243;n extracorp&#243;rea &#40;CEC&#41; en hipotermia de 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C y perfusi&#243;n cerebral &#40;v&#237;a arteria innominada&#41; con flujos de 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos se reflejan en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Se incluyen 68 pacientes &#40;15 mayores de un mes&#41;&#46; La media de edad fue de 42 d&#237;as &#40;rango&#58; un d&#237;a-11 meses&#41; y de peso 3&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;rango&#58; 2&#44;1-10&#44;5&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Distribuimos a los pacientes en 3 grupos&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a&#41;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Norwood &#40;9 neonatos&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b&#41;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cirug&#237;a de arco a&#243;rtico&#44; aislada &#40;20 pacientes&#44; 8 mayores de un mes&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c&#41;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cirug&#237;a de arco m&#225;s correcci&#243;n intracard&#237;aca &#40;39 ni&#241;os&#44; 7 mayores de un mes&#41;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">T&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La l&#237;nea de retorno de la CEC se conecta a la arteria innominada &#40;primer tronco supraa&#243;rtico&#41; mediante la interposici&#243;n de un conducto de 3&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm de di&#225;metro de PTFE &#40;Gore-Tex&#174;&#44; Flagstaff&#44; AZ&#44; EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41;&#46; Iniciamos la CEC con un flujo estimado de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l&#47;min&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;175-200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41;&#44; con estrategia alfa-stat y evitando la vasodilataci&#243;n cerebral &#40;y consecuente hiperperfusi&#243;n&#41;&#46; Una vez alcanzada la temperatura de 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C los flujos se ajustan al 30&#37; &#40;40-60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41; manteniendo una presi&#243;n arterial media adecuada a la edad &#40;25-55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hg&#41;&#46; Durante la PCA&#44; los troncos supraa&#243;rticos son controlados mediante la aplicaci&#243;n de torniquetes o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bull-dogs</span> finos y la aorta descendente es pinzada&#46; La oxigenaci&#243;n regional &#40;cerebral y som&#225;tica&#41; se monitoriza con INVOS&#174; &#40;Somanetics Corporation&#44; Troy&#44; MI&#44; EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una l&#237;nea en &#171;Y&#187; conecta la c&#225;nula arterial &#40;conexi&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">luer-lock</span>&#41; con la c&#225;nula de ra&#237;z a&#243;rtica&#44; de manera que a su trav&#233;s pueda administrarse sangre del retorno arterial o cardioplej&#237;a alternativamente &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; De esta forma&#44; y una vez pinzada la aorta ascendente&#44; sin modificar las c&#225;nulas&#44; se puede realizar cirug&#237;a a coraz&#243;n latiendo &#40;sangre a trav&#233;s de la c&#225;nula en ra&#237;z&#41; o coraz&#243;n parado &#40;cardioplej&#237;a por dicha c&#225;nula&#41; simplemente modificando las llaves de la l&#237;nea en &#171;Y&#187;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la cirug&#237;a de Norwood un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clamp</span> es interpuesto entre el primer y segundo tronco supraa&#243;rtico&#44; mientras se controlan el 2&#46;&#176; y 3&#46;&#176; vaso&#46; Esto garantiza una perfusi&#243;n cerebral y mioc&#225;rdica mientras se realiza la reconstrucci&#243;n distal del arco&#46; Finalizada esta parte el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">clamp</span> es recolocado en la base del primer tronco y una oliva de punta blanda se introduce retr&#243;gradamente desde el arco hasta la aorta ascendente &#40;asegurada por un torniquete externo&#41; para administrar cardioplej&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La reconstrucci&#243;n del arco &#40;coartaci&#243;n m&#225;s hipoplasia de arco&#41; se realiz&#243; mediante resecci&#243;n del segmento coartado m&#225;s anastomosis ampliada &#40;avance de arco o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sliding technique</span>&#41; o&#44; m&#225;s frecuentemente&#44; con resecci&#243;n y anastomosis ampliada con parche de pericardio aut&#243;logo &#40;tratado con glutaraldeh&#237;do&#41;&#46; Excepcionalmente se ampli&#243; el arco con pericardio sin resecci&#243;n previa de tejido &#40;en ausencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ridge</span> ductal&#41;&#46; Una vez finalizada la reparaci&#243;n del arco a coraz&#243;n latiendo se procede a la salida reglada de CEC &#40;grupo b&#41;&#44; o se administra cardioplej&#237;a para corregir la afectaci&#243;n intracard&#237;aca &#40;grupos a y c&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Utilizamos una estrategia similar a la de interrupci&#243;n de arco a&#243;rtico para la canulaci&#243;n de aorta descendente en el TBP&#46; El retorno arterial de la CEC se divide en 2 c&#225;nulas&#44; dispuestas en &#171;Y&#187;&#46; La primera se conecta a la arteria innominada&#44; como se describe en el p&#225;rrafo anterior&#46; La segunda &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; ir&#225; alojada en la aorta descendente &#40;a diferencia de la interrupci&#243;n de arco&#44; donde se dirige a la arteria pulmonar&#41;&#46; Para ello&#44; una vez en CEC y con el coraz&#243;n descargado&#44; separamos la cara diafragm&#225;tica y accedemos al pericardio posterior&#46; En la l&#237;nea media lo abrimos longitudinalmente y disecamos con bistur&#237; el&#233;ctrico el ligamento pulmonar inferior y linf&#225;ticos adyacentes&#46; La aorta descendente es f&#225;cilmente accesible<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; rodeada con un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vessel-loop</span> y canulada previa bolsa de tabaco &#40;estrecha y alargada&#41;&#46; Habitualmente utilizamos c&#225;nulas de punta biselada del calibre n&#46;&#176; 6 &#40;Stockert&#174;&#44; Muenchen&#44; Alemania&#41;&#46; Previamente&#44; el perfusionista instala medidores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;flow-meter&#41;</span> en ambas ramas de la l&#237;nea arterial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#44; pudiendo retomar flujos de CEC totales &#40;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l&#47;min&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se obtuvo la aprobaci&#243;n &#233;tica institucional para la modificaci&#243;n y la indicaci&#243;n&#44; as&#237; como el consentimiento informado de los padres&#46; Dado el n&#250;mero de pacientes y la baja incidencia de complicaciones&#44; consideramos que el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico no aporta ninguna informaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Resultados</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la serie completa se registraron los siguientes tiempos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#58; CEC de 155<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;rango 63-353&#41;&#44; isquemia mioc&#225;rdica de 34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;0-160&#41;&#44; perfusi&#243;n cerebral selectiva de 35&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;18-60&#41;&#46; La duraci&#243;n media de TBP fue de 52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;15-95&#41; en los 14 pacientes con canulaci&#243;n adicional de aorta descendente &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; Detallado por grupos&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a&#41;</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Norwood-sano &#40;9 neonatos&#41;&#58; medias de edad y peso de 3 d&#237;as &#40;1-5&#41; y 3&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;2&#44;7-4&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; Duraci&#243;n media de CEC de 165<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;93-312&#41;&#44; isquemia mioc&#225;rdica de 52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;42-62&#41; y perfusi&#243;n cerebral selectiva de 27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;18-36&#41;&#46; En el &#250;ltimo caso se introdujo la TBP&#44; con una duraci&#243;n de 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b&#41;</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cirug&#237;a de arco &#171;aislado&#187; en 20 casos&#44; 12 neonatos y 8 ni&#241;os mayores de un mes&#46; Media de edad de 63 d&#237;as &#40;4 d&#237;as-11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#41; y de peso 4&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;2&#44;1-10&#44;5&#41;&#46; La duraci&#243;n media de CEC fue 125<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;63-292&#41;&#44; isquemia mioc&#225;rdica de 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos y perfusi&#243;n cerebral selectiva de 38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;17-60&#41;&#46; En 6 casos se introdujo la TBP&#44; con 55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;24-95&#41; de duraci&#243;n&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c&#41;</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cirug&#237;a de arco m&#225;s procedimientos intracard&#237;acos en 39 casos&#44; 7 de ellos mayores de un mes&#46; La media de edad fue de 51 d&#237;as &#40;3 d&#237;as-3 meses&#41; y de peso 3&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;2&#44;1-6&#44;8&#41;&#46; La duraci&#243;n media de CEC fue 165<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;102-312&#41;&#44; isquemia mioc&#225;rdica de 39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;5-160&#41; y perfusi&#243;n cerebral selectiva de 39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;15-51&#41;&#46; En 7 casos se introdujo la TBP&#44; con 49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;15-90&#41; de duraci&#243;n&#46;</p></li></ul></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los procedimientos asociados en el grupo &#171;c&#187; fueron &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cierre de comunicaci&#243;n interventricular &#40;CIV&#41; en 15 ni&#241;os &#40;incluyendo 2 casos con interrupci&#243;n de arco tipo B&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Switch</span> arterial en 9 ocasiones&#58; simple &#40;1&#41;&#44; con CIV &#40;1&#41;&#44; Taussig-Bing &#40;4&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">switch</span> paliativo &#40;3&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comunicaci&#243;n interauricular &#40;CIA&#41; en 6 pacientes&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cor triatriatum</span> en 3 ni&#241;os&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comisurotom&#237;a valvular a&#243;rtica en 2 casos&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comprehensive</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">II repair</span> &#40;Norwood m&#225;s Glenn&#41; en 2 ni&#241;os&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Canal parcial <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;ostium primum&#41;</span> en un paciente&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yasui &#40;Norwood m&#225;s Rastelli&#41; en un caso&#46;</p></li></ul></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los niveles de lactato al finalizar el procedimiento fueron de 5&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol&#47;l &#40;2&#44;5-7&#44;3&#41;&#46; Procedimos a cierre diferido del t&#243;rax en todos los casos de Norwood&#44; as&#237; como en 2 pacientes del grupo &#171;b&#187; y 3 casos del grupo &#171;c&#187;&#46; No se detectaron complicaciones neurol&#243;gicas ni renales&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El seguimiento ha sido completo&#44; con una media de 52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses &#40;rango 2-78&#41;&#46; Cinco pacientes fallecieron&#58; 2 Norwood &#40;grupo a&#41;&#44; un paciente con afectaci&#243;n aislada del arco d&#237;as despu&#233;s por arritmias ventriculares &#40;grupo b&#41;&#44; adem&#225;s de una interrupci&#243;n de arco y un Taussig-Bing &#40;grupo c&#41;&#46; Tres pacientes precisaron angioplastia por recoartaci&#243;n en los primeros 6 meses tras la cirug&#237;a &#40;todos ellos presentaron gradientes<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hg al alta de la correcci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La elecci&#243;n de paro circulatorio &#40;en hipotermia profunda&#41; o PCA para corregir la hipoplasia del arco en un neonato sigue siendo motivo de debate en la actualidad&#46; Ambas estrategias presentan defensores y detractores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#46; Como en otros &#225;mbitos&#44; buenos resultados con t&#233;cnicas cl&#225;sicas disuaden del cambio&#44; mientras que las novedades acompa&#241;adas de &#233;xito invitan a evolucionar en las estrategias&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la literatura encontramos evidencia de la seguridad en la PCA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;4&#44;5&#44;15&#8211;17</span></a> durante la cirug&#237;a de arco&#44; garantizando flujo a ambos hemisferios cerebrales&#46; No es preciso descender a 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; sino que la hipotermia moderada &#40;25-28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41; es suficiente protecci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;18&#44;19</span></a>&#46; Gracias a la circulaci&#243;n colateral&#44; la perfusi&#243;n som&#225;tica est&#225; garantizada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; aunque no todos los autores lo suscriben<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; y otros sugieren una TBP como protecci&#243;n definitiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Debemos recordar que la correcci&#243;n de una coartaci&#243;n aislada por toracotom&#237;a izquierda se realiza en normotermia sin CEC&#44; con apenas morbilidad cuando la isquemia es menor de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;incluso puede aplicarse la CEC por toracotom&#237;a lateral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una perfusi&#243;n cerebral y mioc&#225;rdica simult&#225;nea&#44; conectando el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">luer-lock</span> de la c&#225;nula arterial y la ra&#237;z a&#243;rtica mediante una l&#237;nea en &#171;Y&#187; resulta sencillo y f&#225;cil de monitorizar&#46; El descenso de temperatura se acompa&#241;a de una bradicardia progresiva&#46; Cualquier cambio en el ECG basal debe alertar sobre acodamientos en la l&#237;nea y&#47;o c&#225;nula de ra&#237;z &#40;como nos ocurri&#243; en el paciente n&#46;&#176; 6 &#91;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#93;&#41;&#46; Ante la duda&#44; simplemente modificando las llaves de la l&#237;nea en &#171;Y&#187; facilitamos el paso de cardioplej&#237;a &#40;en lugar de sangre&#41; a trav&#233;s de la c&#225;nula de la ra&#237;z a&#243;rtica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; De hecho&#44; este es el protocolo tras la reparaci&#243;n del arco y previo a la correcci&#243;n intracard&#237;aca&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ante la heterogeneidad de procedimientos dividimos nuestra cohorte de pacientes en 3 grupos&#46; Previsiblemente&#44; la duraci&#243;n de CEC result&#243; menor en el grupo &#171;b&#187;&#44; donde solo se realiz&#243; cirug&#237;a de arco y sin isquemia coronaria &#40;procedimiento <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">beating-heart</span> genuino&#41;&#46; En el grupo &#171;c&#187; los tiempos de CEC resultaron m&#225;s prolongados debido a la reparaci&#243;n intracard&#237;aca&#44; pero la duraci&#243;n de PCA fue pareja&#44; demostrando que la fase de reparaci&#243;n del arco es similar independientemente del resto del procedimiento &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el grupo &#171;a&#187; &#40;Norwood&#41; presenta datos diferentes&#44; debido a que solo la zona distal del arco es reparada a coraz&#243;n latiendo &#40;por tales motivos se diferenci&#243; del grupo &#171;c&#187;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En relaci&#243;n con el grupo &#171;b&#187; se puede especular acerca de la indicaci&#243;n de intervenir el arco &#40;m&#225;s coartaci&#243;n&#41; a trav&#233;s de una toracotom&#237;a izquierda o esternotom&#237;a media<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; Durante la recogida de datos para el presente estudio 51 pacientes fueron intervenidos por v&#237;a lateral&#44; frente a 20 &#40;grupo b&#41; por l&#237;nea media con CEC&#46; Los resultados fueron buenos en ambos grupos&#44; mostrando una indicaci&#243;n correcta&#46; Gracias a la experiencia acumulada&#44; de ahora en adelante no dudaremos en abordar los casos l&#237;mite por esternotom&#237;a y CEC con PCA&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A medida que los autores nos familiarizamos con la t&#233;cnica y estrategia de PCA&#44; procedimientos m&#225;s complejos fueron acometidos&#46; De esta forma&#44; en el grupo &#171;c&#187; se incluyen cardiopat&#237;as &#171;sencillas&#187; tales como CIA e CIV o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cor triatriatum</span> y &#171;complejas&#187; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">switch</span> arterial &#40;y otras variantes&#41;&#44; Norwood m&#225;s Glenn <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;comprehensive procedure&#41;</span> o Norwood m&#225;s Rastelli &#40;t&#233;cnica de Yasui&#41;&#46; En definitiva&#44; una vez c&#243;modos con la PCA&#44; la reparaci&#243;n del arco a coraz&#243;n latiendo resulta similar independientemente de la enfermedad intracard&#237;aca subyacente &#40;como lo atestiguan los tiempos de PCA en las tablas&#41;&#46; Incluso reintervenciones fuera del periodo neonatal tras procedimientos h&#237;bridos anteriores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> ducal m&#225;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">banding</span> bilateral&#41; han sido acometidas con dicha estrategia&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La innovaci&#243;n m&#225;s reciente en nuestro grupo consiste en el TBP&#46; Mediante la canulaci&#243;n de la aorta descendente se consigue una perfusi&#243;n completa&#44; dejando tan solo el arco a&#243;rtico sin circulaci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; A trav&#233;s de la disposici&#243;n en &#171;Y&#187; de la l&#237;nea arterial una rama perfunde el territorio superior &#40;cerebro y miocardio&#41; y la otra el inferior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Realmente&#44; se trata de una variante de la CEC en interrupci&#243;n de arco&#44; ya conocida por cirujanos de cardiopat&#237;a cong&#233;nita&#46; NIRS similares en ambos territorios aseguran una correcta perfusi&#243;n&#46; En aras de la simplicidad&#44; con un &#250;nico rodillo y medidores de flujo en ambas ramas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> garantizamos el flujo cerebral &#40;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41; y modificamos el sist&#233;mico controlando las resistencias perif&#233;ricas&#46; Otros grupos utilizan rodillos independientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> para flujos equivalentes en las 2 ramas arteriales&#44; o c&#225;nulas del mismo calibre<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> y rodillo &#250;nico buscando id&#233;ntico objetivo&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuando un trabajo previo en otro centro<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#44; nuestro grupo public&#243; un estudio con los 50 primeros pacientes del presente art&#237;culo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Las conclusiones fueron que la estrategia de perfusi&#243;n cerebral y mioc&#225;rdica durante la cirug&#237;a de arco a&#243;rtico es f&#225;cil de aplicar&#44; monitorizar y reconvertir a cardioplej&#237;a convencional&#46; Los tiempos de isquemia coronaria se reducen en casos complejos&#44; siendo de cero en cirug&#237;a de arco aislado&#46; Presentando m&#225;s pacientes abundamos en las mismas conclusiones&#46; Incorporando la estrategia TBP a&#241;adimos un sesgo en la observaci&#243;n y an&#225;lisis de los datos&#46; Consideramos que la heterogeneidad y n&#250;mero de casos no son suficientes para establecer comparaciones entre grupos con y sin TBP en t&#233;rminos de &#171;protecci&#243;n&#187; o da&#241;o som&#225;tico &#40;lactato intra y postoperatorio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; necesidad de di&#225;lisis&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; planteado como reto para futuros estudios&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La experiencia acumulada con esta serie de 68 pacientes&#44; mayoritariamente neonatos&#44; nos permite concluir que la perfusi&#243;n cerebral y mioc&#225;rdica selectiva en cirug&#237;a de arco con hipotermia moderada es factible y f&#225;cil de reconvertir a cardioplej&#237;a convencional&#46; Consecuentemente&#44; la isquemia mioc&#225;rdica puede reducirse notablemente e incluso ser de cero minutos en los casos de cirug&#237;a de arco aislada&#46; El montaje de las l&#237;neas es reproducible y sin excesivos cambios para anestesi&#243;logos&#44; cirujanos y perfusionistas&#46; No hemos registrado m&#225;s complicaciones en nuestros pacientes&#44; compar&#225;ndolo con otras estrategias&#46; Procedimientos novedosos&#44; como la TBP pueden contribuir a mejorar la morbilidad en este grupo de pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que no presentan conflicto de intereses ni han percibido financiaci&#243;n para la realizaci&#243;n del presente estudio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La cirug&#237;a del arco a&#243;rtico en neonatos ha pasado de la hipotermia profunda con paro circulatorio a la perfusi&#243;n cerebral en 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>&#46; Un paso m&#225;s supone la perfusi&#243;n cerebral y mioc&#225;rdica simult&#225;nea&#44; facilitando la cirug&#237;a a coraz&#243;n latiendo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Una c&#225;nula en &#171;Y&#187; desde la l&#237;nea arterial proporciona sangre oxigenada al cerebro y al coraz&#243;n&#46; El arco es reparado latiendo&#46; A continuaci&#243;n se administra cardioplej&#237;a por ra&#237;z para la correcci&#243;n intracard&#237;aca&#46; Sesenta y ocho pacientes son distribuidos en 3 grupos&#58; a&#41; Norwood &#40;9 neonatos&#41;&#59; b&#41; arco a&#243;rtico &#40;20 ni&#241;os&#41;&#59; y c&#41; arco m&#225;s afectaci&#243;n intracard&#237;aca &#40;39 pacientes&#41;&#46; Cardiopat&#237;a asociada en el grupo c&#41;&#58; comunicaci&#243;n interventricular &#40;15&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">switch</span> arterial &#40;9&#41;&#44; comunicaci&#243;n interauricular &#40;6&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cor triatriatum</span> &#40;3&#41;&#44; comisurotom&#237;a a&#243;rtica &#40;2&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">comprehensive repair</span> &#40;2&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ostium primum</span> &#40;1&#41; y Yasui &#40;1&#41;&#46; Catorce de los &#250;ltimos pacientes recibieron una canulaci&#243;n adicional en la aorta descendente&#44; alcanzando una perfusi&#243;n corporal total&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tiempo medio de circulaci&#243;n extracorp&#243;rea fue de 155<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutos &#40;63-353&#41;&#46; La perfusi&#243;n cerebral-mioc&#225;rdica dur&#243; 36 minutos &#40;18-60&#41; y la isquemia mioc&#225;rdica alcanz&#243; 34 minutos &#40;0-160&#41;&#44; siendo de cero en el grupo &#171;b&#187;&#46; El seguimiento fue completo con una media de 52 meses &#40;2-78&#41;&#46; Cinco pacientes fallecieron y 3 precisaron angioplastia por recoartaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La perfusi&#243;n cerebral-mioc&#225;rdica selectiva es factible y f&#225;cil de reconvertir a protecci&#243;n cardiopl&#233;jica convencional&#46; Notablemente se reduce la isquemia mioc&#225;rdica&#44; siendo nula en casos de cirug&#237;a aislada del arco&#46; Mediante la perfusi&#243;n corporal total puede reducirse la morbilidad en cirug&#237;a neonatal del arco&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aortic arch repair has shifted from deep hypothermia plus circulatory arrest to cerebral perfusion at tepid temperatures&#46; A step forward is simultaneous brain-coronary perfusion&#44; allowing beating-heart arch surgery&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A &#8220;Y&#8221; cannula from the arterial line delivers oxigenated blood to brain and heart&#46; The arch is repaired on a beating heart at 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; Intracardiac repair is performed after running cardioplegia through the root line&#46; 68 patients are classified into three groups&#46; A&#58; Norwood &#40;9 neonates&#41;&#59; B&#58; aortic arch &#40;20 children&#41;&#59; C&#58; aortic arch plus intracardiac repair &#40;39 patients&#41;&#46; Associated anomalies in group C&#58; ventricular septal defect &#40;15&#41;&#44; arterial switch &#40;9&#41;&#44; atrial septal defect &#40;6&#41;&#44; cor triatriatum &#40;3&#41;&#44; aortic commissurotomy &#40;2&#41;&#44; comprehensive repair &#40;2&#41;&#44; ostium primum &#40;1&#41;&#44; Yasui &#40;1&#41;&#46; Fourteen lately patients had their descending aorta additionally cannulated to achieve a total body perfusion strategy&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean by-pass time was 155<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes &#40;range 63-353&#41;&#46; Mean brain-coronary perfusion was 36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes &#40;18-60&#41;&#46; Mean coronary ischemia was 34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes &#40;0-160&#41;&#46; The heart was not arrested in group B patients&#46; Follow-up was complete for a mean of 52 months &#40;2-78&#41;&#46; Five patients died in the postop&#46; Three requiered angioplasty for recoarctation&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Selective brain-coronary perfusion is feasible and easy to switch to conventional cardioplegia delivery&#46; Coronary ischemia can be notably reduced&#44; being even zero minutes in isolated arch surgery&#46; Total body perfusion may reduce morbidity in neonatal arch surgery&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as-11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as-3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peso &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8 &#40;2&#44;1-10&#44;5&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44; 70 &#40;2&#44;7-4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;1-10&#44;5&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;1-6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CEC &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">155 &#40;63-353&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">165 &#40;93-312&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">125 &#40;63-292&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">165 &#40;102-312&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Isquemia mioc&#225;rdica &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;0-160&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;42-62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;5-160&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">perfusi&#243;n cerebral &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#44;8 &#40;18-60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;18-36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;17-60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;15-51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TBP &#40;14 casos&#41; &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;15-95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;un caso&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;24-95&#41;&#59; 6 casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#40;15-90&#41;&#59; 7 casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;&#176;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Edad &#40;d&#237;as&#47;meses&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Peso &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cirug&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CEC &#40;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Isquemia coronaria &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Perfusi&#243;n cerebral &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Perfusi&#243;n som&#225;tica &#40;minutos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ampliaci&#243;n arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&#44; DSVD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ampliaci&#243;n arco&#44; cierre CIV &#40;transpulmonar&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">190&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&#44; CIV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&#44; cierre CIV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ampliaci&#243;n arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">131&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipoplasia izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Norwood sano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">187&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&#44; CIA OS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&#44; cierre CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interrupci&#243;n arco&#44; TGA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ampliaci&#243;n arco&#44; switch paliativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ampliaci&#243;n arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">125&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Taussig-Bing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ampliaci&#243;n arco&#44; switch&#44; cierre CIV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&#44; CIA OS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&#44; cierre CIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coartaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Avance arco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2524919.png"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Reconversi&#243;n de perfusi&#243;n coronaria a cardioplej&#237;a por cambios en ECG &#40;acodamiento en la c&#225;nula de la ra&#237;z a&#243;rtica&#41;&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Nota&#58; coartaci&#243;n se refiere a coartaci&#243;n m&#225;s hipoplasia de arco a&#243;rtico&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Datos de pacientes con perfusi&#243;n cerebral&#44; mioc&#225;rdica y som&#225;tica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;total body perfusion&#41;</span></p>"
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Defectos intarcardiacos asociados &#40;c&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;&#176; &#40;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Simple&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#225;s CIV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Taussig-Bing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Switch paliativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comunicaci&#243;n interauricular tipo ostium secundum &#40;CIA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cor triatriatum</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comisurotom&#237;a a&#243;rtica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comprehensive &#40;Norwood</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Glenn&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canal parcial &#40;ostium primum&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Yasui &#40;Norwood</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rastelli&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2524918.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cirug&#237;a intracard&#237;aca asociada a reparaci&#243;n del arco a&#243;rtico &#40;grupo &#171;c&#187; en la tabla 1&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A comparison of the perioperative neurologic effects of hypothermic circulatory arrest versus low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Newburger"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Jonas"
                            2 => "G&#46; Wernovsky"
                            3 => "D&#46; Wypij"
                            4 => "P&#46;R&#46; Hickey"
                            5 => "K&#46;C&#46; Kuban"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199310073291501"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "329"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1057"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1064"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8371727"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Developmental and neurological status of children at 4 years of age after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;C&#46; Bellinger"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wypij"
                            2 => "K&#46;C&#46; Kuban"
                            3 => "L&#46;A&#46; Rappaport"
                            4 => "P&#46;R&#46; Hickey"
                            5 => "G&#46; Wernovsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.cir.100.5.526"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Circulation"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "526"
                        "paginaFinal" => "532"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430767"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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