Información del artículo
Resumen
El uso de la radioterapia como parte del tratamiento de las neoplasias malignas de recto está cada vez más extendido. En el cáncer primario de recto localmente avanzado, varios estudios han demostrado su eficacia, con una disminución de la recidiva local y un aumento de la supervivencia libre de enfermedad, tanto en su administración preoperatoria como postoperatoria. Se han descrito también las ventajas e inconvenientes en las 2 modalidades de administración y en sus distintas dosis. Cuando se ha utilizado en el contexto de una neoplasia de recto no resecable, la radioterapia ha permitido en algunas ocasiones revalorar el tratamiento quirúrgico y cambiar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de los principales estudios publicados sobre la radioterapia en el cáncer de recto, sus diferentes modalidades y las dosis adecuadas para el tratamiento de estos pacientes con la evidencia actual.
Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Radioterapia
Quimirradioterapia
Tratamiento adyuvante
The use of radiotherapy as part of the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the rectum is becoming more and more widespread. In locally advanced primary cancer of the rectum, several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of radiotherapy, with a reduction of local recurrence and an increase in diseasefree survival, whether administered preoperatively or postoperatively. The advantages and disadvantages of the 2 modes of administration and of distinct doses have also been described. When used in unresectable rectal neoplasms, radiotherapy has sometimes allowed a reevaluation of surgical treatment, thus changing the prognosis of these patients. The aim of this article was to review the main studies published on radiotherapy in rectal cancer and its distinct modalities and doses in order to define the most appropriate treatment for these patients according to current evidence.
Key words:
Rectal cancer
Radiotherapy
Chemoradiotherapy
Adjuvant treatment
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