metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española Tratamiento local del cáncer de recto
Información de la revista
Vol. 72. Núm. 1.
Páginas 40-44 (julio 2002)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 72. Núm. 1.
Páginas 40-44 (julio 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento local del cáncer de recto
Local treatment of rectal cancer
Visitas
7166
Julio del Castillo-Diegoa,1
Autor para correspondencia
cgdcdj@humv.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. del Castillo Diego. Servicio de Cirugía General II. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Avda. Valdecilla, s/n. 39008 Santander.
, Jorge Puig-La Calleb, Julio A. Mayol-Martínezc, Julio García-Aguilard
a FEA. Servicio de Cirugía General II. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander
b Departamento de Cirugía. Universidad de Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN. EE.UU
c FEA. Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid
d Profesor asociado. Departamento de Cirugía. Universidad de Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN. EE.UU
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen

La aplicación de protocolos de cribado ha determinado que el número de tumores de recto diagnosticados tempranamente haya aumentado de forma significativa. Consecuentemente, el tratamiento local de estos tumores tempranos ha pasado a ocupar un lugar destacado dentro de la terapéutica del cáncer de recto. Este artículo realiza una revisión de las indicaciones del tratamiento local, de las técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas disponibles y de sus resultados.

La selección de candidatos ha de llevarse a cabo de manera rigurosa mediante la exploración clínica, la biopsia preoperatoria, la ecografía endorrectal y la utilización de otros procedimientos radiológicos.

La destrucción tumoral mediante fulguración o radioterapia endocavitaria obtiene resultados similares a la escisión local. Sin embargo, el estudio patológico del tumor resulta imprescindible para identificar a aquellos pacientes que pueden necesitar un tratamiento quirúrgico radical, o que pueden beneficiarse de un protocolo de tratamiento radioquimioterápico adyuvante.

La tasa de recidiva local tras estos procedimientos es mayor que la que corresponde a la cirugía radical. Aunque la mayoría de las recidivas son potencialmente resecables, el papel de la cirugía radical de rescate está en discusión.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Resección transanal
Ecografía transrectal
Radioterapia endocavitaria
Fulguración

Because of the application of screening protocols, the early diagnosis of rectal tumors has significantly increased. Consequently, local treatment of these early tumors occupies an important place within the treatment of rectal cancer. The present article reviews the indications for local treatment, the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques available and their results.

Candidates must be rigorously selected through physical examination, preoperative biopsy, endorectal ultrasonography and the use of other radiological procedures.

Tumoral destruction through fulguration or endocavitaryradiotherapy provides similar results to local excision. However, pathological analysis of the tumor is essential to identify patients who may need radical surgery or who could benefit from adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The rate of local recurrence after these procedures is higher than in radical surgery. Although most recurrences are potentially resectable, the role of rescue radical surgery is currently being debated.

Key words:
Rectal cancer
Transanal resection
Transrectal ultrasonography
Endocavitary radiotherapy
Fulguration
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
B.C. Morson, H.R.J. Bussey, S. Samoorian.
Policy of local excision for early cancer of the colorectum.
Gut, 18 (1977), pp. 1945-1950
[2.]
G. Crile Jr, R.B. Turnbull.
The role of electrocoagulation in the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum.
Surg Gynaecol Obstet, 135 (1972), pp. 391-396
[3.]
A.Y. Mason.
Selective surgery for carcinoma of the rectum.
Aust NZ Surg, 46 (1976), pp. 322
[4.]
G. D’Eredita, G. Serio, V. Nrei.
A survival regression analysis of prognostic factors in colorectal cancer.
Aust N Z J Surg, 66 (1996), pp. 445-451
[5.]
R. Bleday, E. Breen, J.M. Jessup, A. Burgess, S.M. Sentovich, G. Steele.
Prospective evaluation of local excision for small rectal cancers.
Dis Colon Rectum, 40 (1997), pp. 388-392
[6.]
J.T. Brodsky, O.K. Richard, A.M. Cohen, B.D. Minsky.
Variables correlated with the risk of lymph node metastasis in early rectal cancer.
Cancer, 68 (1992), pp. 322-326
[7.]
J. Whiteway, R.J. Nicholls, B.C. Morson.
The role of surgical local excision in the treatment of rectal cancer.
Br J Surg, 72 (1985), pp. 694-697
[8.]
G.F. Buess.
Local procedures including endoscopic resection.
[9.]
U.c. Zenni, K. Abraham, F.J. Harford, D.M. Potocki, C. Herman, P.B. Dobrin.
Characteristics of rectal carcinomas that predict the presence of lymph node metastases: implications for patient selection for local therapy.
J Surg Oncol, 67 (1998), pp. 99-103
[10.]
P.J. Sitzler, F. Seow-Choen, Y.H. Ho, A.P. Leong.
Lymph node involvement and tumor depth in rectal cancers: an analysis of 805 patients.
Dis Colon Rectum, 40 (1997), pp. 1472-1476
[11.]
Local treatment of rectal cancer.
[12.]
O. Sasaki, W.S. Atkin, J.R. Jass.
Mucinous carcinoma of the rectum.
Histopathology, 11 (1987), pp. 259-272
[13.]
D. Blumberg, P.B. Paty.
Stage I rectal cancer: identification of high risk patients.
J Am Coll Surg, 186 (1998), pp. 574-579
[14.]
R.J. Nicholls, A.Y. Mason, B.C. Morson, A.K. Dixon, I.K. Fry.
The clinical staging of rectal cancer.
Br J Surg, 69 (1982), pp. 404-409
[15.]
P.T. Phang, W.D. Wong.
The use of endoluminal ultrasound for malignant and benign anorectal diseases.
Curr Op Gastroenterol, 13 (1997), pp. 47-53
[16.]
U. Herzog, M. Von Flue, P. Tondelli, J.P. Scuppisser.
How accurate is endorectal ultrasound in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer?.
Dis Colon Rectum, 36 (1993), pp. 127-134
[17.]
J. Benyon, D.M. Foy, A.M. Roe, L.N. Temple, N.J. Mortensen.
Endoluminal ultrasound in the assessment of local invasion in rectal cancer.
Br J Surg, 73 (1986), pp. 474-477
[18.]
J. García Aguilar, A. Mellgren, P. Sirivongs, D. Buie, R. Madoff, D. Rothenberger.
Local excision of rectal cancer without adjuvant therapy. A word of caution.
Ann Surg, 231 (2000), pp. 345-351
[19.]
J.P. Heneghan, R.R. Salem, R.C. Lange, K.J. Taylor, L.W. Hammers.
Transrectal sonography in staging rectal carcinoma: the role of gray scale, color flow and Doppler imaging analysis.
Am J Roentgenol, 169 (1997), pp. 1247-1252
[20.]
A.K. Dixon, I.K. Fry, B.C. Morson.
Preoperative computed tomography of carcinoma of the rectum.
Br J Radiol, 54 (1981), pp. 655-659
[21.]
E. Grabbe, W. Lierse, R. Winkler.
The perirectal fascia. Morphology and use in staging of rectal carcinoma.
Radiology, 149 (1983), pp. 241-246
[22.]
B. Adalsteisson, B. Glimelius, S. Graffman, A. Hemmingsson, L. Pahlman.
Computed tomography in staging of rectal carcinoma.
Acta Radiol Diagn (Stoch), 26 (1985), pp. 45-55
[23.]
P.C. Freeny, W.M. Marks, J.A. Ryan, J.W. Bolen.
Colorectal carcinoma evaluation cith CT. Preoperative staging and detection of postoperative recurrence.
Radiology, 158 (1986), pp. 347-353
[24.]
A. Waizer, F. Powsner, I. Russo, S. Hadar, S. Cytron, R. Lombrozo.
Prospective comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging versus transrectal ultrasound for preoperative staging and follow up of rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum, 34 (1991), pp. 1068-1072
[25.]
W. Thaler, S. Watzka, F. Martin, G. Laguardia, K. Psenner, G. Bonatti.
Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by endoluminal ultrasound vs magnetic resonance imaging.
Dis Colon Rectum, 37 (1994), pp. 1189-1193
[26.]
D. Kulling, D.R. Feldman, C.L. Kay, D.E. Bohning, B.J. Hoffman, A.K. Van Velse.
Local staging of anal and distal colorectal tumors with the magnetic resonance endoscope.
Gastrointest Endosc, 47 (1998), pp. 172-177
[27.]
J. Papillon.
Endocavitary radiation of early rectal cancers for cure: a series of 123 cases.
Proc R Soc Med, 66 (1972), pp. 1179-1183
[28.]
J. Papillon.
Springer, (1982),
[29.]
G.F. Buess, F. Hutterer, J. Theis.
Das system fur die transanale endoskopische Rektumoperation.
Chirug, 55 (1984), pp. 677-680
[30.]
J.P. Gerard, P. Romenstaing, J.M. Ardiet, F. Mornex.
Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer. Endocavitary radiation therapy.
Semin Radiat Oncol, 8 (1998), pp. 13-23
[31.]
M. Killingback.
Local excision of carcinoma of the rectum: indications.
World J Surg, 16 (1992), pp. 437-446
[32.]
O.R. Biggers, R.W. Beart, D.W. Ilstrup.
Local excision of rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum, 29 (1986), pp. 374-377
[33.]
D.R. Read, S. Sokil, Salas G. Ruiz.
Transanal local excision of rectal cancer.
Int J Colorectal Dis, 10 (1995), pp. 73-76
[34.]
B.C. Morson, H.J. Bussey, S. Samoorian.
Policy of local excision for early rectal cancer of the colorectum.
Gut, 18 (1997), pp. 1045-1050
[35.]
D.I. Obrand, P.H. Gordon.
Results of local excision for rectal carcinoma.
Can J Surh, 39 (1996), pp. 463-468
[36.]
E. Breen, R. Bleday.
Preservation of the anus in the therapy of distal rectal cancers.
Surg Clin North Am, 77 (1997), pp. 71-83
[37.]
G.D. Steele, J.N. Herndon, R. Bleday.
Sphincter sparing treatment for distal rectal adenocarcinoma.
Ann Surg Oncol, 6 (1999), pp. 433-441
[38.]
D.M. Ota, J. Skibber, T.A. Rich.
MD Anderson cancer center experience with local excision and multimodality therapy for rectal cancer.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 1 (1992), pp. 147-152
[39.]
A.M. Cuthbertson, R.L. Simpson.
Curative local excision of rectal adenocarcinoma of the rectum.
Aust N Z J Surg, 56 (1986), pp. 229-231
[40.]
H.R. Bailey, W.V. Huval, E. Max, K.W. Smith, D.R. Butts, L.F. Zamora.
Local excision of carcinoma of the rectum for cure.
Surgery, 111 (1992), pp. 555-561
[41.]
P. Rouanet, B. Saint Aubert, J.M. Fabre.
Conservative treatment for low rectal carcinoma by local excision with or without radiotherapy.
Br J Surg, 80 (1993), pp. 1452-1456
[42.]
C. Friel, J. Cromwell, C. Marra, R. Madoff, D. Rothenberger, J. García-Aguilar.
Salvage radical surgery after failed transanal excision for early rectal cancer: don’t count on it.
Dis Colon Rectum, 44 (2001), pp. A5
[43.]
E.P. Hughes, M.C. Veidenheimer, M.L. Cormal.
Electrocoagulation of rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum, 25 (1982), pp. 215-219
[44.]
J.L. Madden, S. Kandalagt.
Electrocoagulation as a primary curative method in the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum.
Sur Gynecol Obstet, 29 (1983), pp. 279-283
Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos