metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española Función defecatoria y calidad de vida con la cirugía preservadora de esfínter...
Información de la revista
Vol. 73. Núm. 1.
Páginas 52-57 (enero 2003)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 73. Núm. 1.
Páginas 52-57 (enero 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Función defecatoria y calidad de vida con la cirugía preservadora de esfínteres en el cáncer de recto
Defecatory function and quality of life with sphincter-preserving surgery in rectal cancer
Visitas
8076
Mario de Miguel1
Autor para correspondencia
Mario-demiguel@cfnavarra.es

Correspondencia: Dr. M. de Miguel. Unidad de Coloproctología. Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Virgen del Camino. Irunlarrea, 4. 31008 Pamplona.
, Pedro Armendáriz, Héctor Ortiz
Unidad de Coloproctología. Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

La cirugía preservadora de esfínteres para el tratamiento del cáncer de recto se propuso como alternativa a la amputación abdominoperineal con colostomía definitiva por el rechazo que generaba en los pacientes. Sin embargo, estos pacientes van a presentar una serie de alteraciones de la función defecatoria, consistentes en urgencia, tenesmo, aumento de la frecuencia deposicional, sensación de evacuación incompleta, ritmo defecatorio errático y grados variables de incontinencia anal. Este conjunto de problemas se han agrupado bajo el nombre de síndrome de la resección anterior, que puede afectar a más del 60% de los pacientes y cuyas causas no están suficientemente explicadas.

La anastomosis coloanal con reservorio se ha propuesto como una solución para incrementar la capacidad del colon anastomosado, consiguiendo mejorar la frecuencia defecatoria, pero no el resto de problemas del síndrome de la resección anterior. Incluso presenta problemas nuevos, como dificultad de evacuación, por lo que se aconsejan reservorios más pequeños.

Por tanto, la cirugía del cáncer de recto, tanto sea una resección anterior baja como una amputación abdominoperineal, produce una serie de alteraciones físicas, psíquicas y sociales que van a tener una influencia sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Así, los primeros estudios que compararon ambas operaciones encontraban que las dos alteraban la calidad de vida, si bien la presencia de un estoma definitivo la alteraba más. Con la introducción de instrumentos específicos para valorar la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer (EORTC-C30) y con cáncer colorrectal (EORTC-C38) se ha confirmado cómo tanto la amputación abdominoperineal como la cirugía preservadora de esfínteres alteran la calidad de vida, pero no se han demostrado claras diferencias entre una u otra operación. Igualmente, las puntuaciones de las diferentes escalas mejoran con el transcurso del tiempo.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Función defecatoria
Reservorios coloanales
Calidad de vida

The sphincter- saving surgery for the treatment of the cancer of rectum, was proposed as alternative to the abdominoperineal resection with definitive colostomy for the rejection that generated in the patients. However, these patients will present a number of alterations of the defecatory function, consistent in: urgency, tenesmus, increase of the bowel movement per day, sensation of incomplete evacuation, erratic defecatory rhythm, and several degrees of fecal incontinence. These of problems have been grouped under the name of the anterior resection syndrome (ARS) that can affect to more than 60% of the patients. The causes of ARS have not sufficiently explained.

The coloanal anastomosis and colonic J pouch has proposed like a solution to increase the capacity of the colon, being able to improve the defecatory frequency, but not the rest of problems of the syndrome of the previous resection. It even presents new problems, as difficulty to evacuation.

Therefore preserving surgery like an abdominoperineal resection, produce several physical, psychic and social alterations that they will have an influence on the quality of life of the patients. The initial studies comparing both operations found that both altered the quality of life, although the presence of a definitive stoma altered it more. The introduction of specific instruments to value the quality of life in patient with cancer (EORTC-C30) and with cancer colorrectal (EORTC-C38) have confirmed that both operation alter the quality of life, but without showing signifcative differences. The scores of the different scales improve with the course of the time.

Key words:
Rectal cancer
Defecatory function
Colonic pouch
Quality of life
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M.E.R. Williamson, W.G. Lewis, P.J. Holsworth, N. May, P.J. Finan, D. Johson.
Changes in anorectal function after low anterior resection of the rectum (LAR): a continous ambulatory study.
Dis Colon Rectum, 36 (1993), pp. P19
[2.]
H. Ortiz, A. Carmona, M. De Miguel.
Estudio de los hábitos defecatorios tras resección anterior baja de recto.
Cir Esp, 50 (1991), pp. 263-266
[3.]
G. Batignani, I. Monaci, F. Ficari, F. Tenelli.
What affects continence after anterior resection of the rectum.
Dis Colon Rectum, 34 (1991), pp. 329-335
[4.]
N.D. Karanjia, D.J. Schache, R.J.U. Heald.
Function of the distal rectum after low anterior resection for carcinoma.
Br J Surg, 79 (1992), pp. 114-116
[5.]
S. Nakahara, H. Itoh, S. Ikeda, Y. Oohata, K. Kitano, Y. Nakamura.
Clinical and manometric evaluation of anorrectal function following low anterior resection with low anastomosis line using an EEA stapler for rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum, 31 (1988), pp. 762-766
[6.]
H. Ortiz, M. De Miguel, A. Carmona.
Influencia del tiempo transcurrido desde la intervención en los resultados funcionales tras resección anterior baja por neoplasia de recto.
Cir Esp, 52 (1992), pp. 185-187
[7.]
M.E. Williamson, W.G. Lewis, P.J. Finan, A.S. Miller, P.J. Holdsworth, D. Johnston.
Recovery of physiologic and clinical function after low anterior resection of the rectum for carcinoma: myth or reality?.
Dis Colon Rectum, 38 (1995), pp. 411-418
[8.]
I.B.K. Pedersen, J. Christiansen, K. Hint, P. Jensen, J. Olsen, P.E. Mortensen.
Anorectal function after low anterior resection.
Ann Surg, 204 (1986), pp. 133-135
[9.]
M.G. O’Riordain, R.G. Molloy, P. Gillen, A. Horgan, W.O. Kirwan.
Rectoanal inhibitory reflex following low stapled anterior resection of the rectum.
Dis Colon Rectum, 35 (1992), pp. 274-278
[10.]
H. Suzuki, K. Matsumoto, S. Amano, M. Fukioka, M. Honzumi.
Anorectal pressure and rectal compliance after low anterior resection.
Br J Surg, 67 (1980), pp. 655-657
[11.]
A. Carmona, H. Ortiz, I. Pérez Cabañas.
Alterations in anorectal function after anterior resection for cancer of the rectum.
Int J Colorect Dis, 6 (1991), pp. 108-110
[12.]
H. Ortiz, A. Carmona, M. De Miguel.
Alteraciones funcionales tras resección anterior baja por neoplasia de recto.
Cir Esp, 51 (1992), pp. 250-252
[13.]
P.G. Horgan, P.R. O’Connell, C.A. Shinkwin, W.O. Kirwan.
Effect of anterior resection on anal sphincter function.
Br J Surg, 76 (1989), pp. 783-786
[14.]
R. Farouk, G.S. Duthie, P.W.R. Lee, J.R.T. Monson.
Endosonographic evidence of injury to the internal anal sphincter after low anterior resection: long-term follow-up.
Dis Colon Rectum, 41 (1998), pp. 888-891
[15.]
R. Menningen, J. Kusche, H. Troidl.
Evaluación de la manometría anal como prueba diagnóstica clínica.
Coloproctology, 6 (1990), pp. 65-70
[16.]
J.S. Vassilakis, G. Pechlivanides, O.J. Zoras, N. Vrachasotakis, E. Chrysos, G. Tzovaras, et al.
Anorectal function after low anterior resection of the rectum.
Int J Colorectal Dis, 6 (1995), pp. 65-70
[17.]
H. Ortiz, A. Carmona, M. De Miguel.
Influencia de la altura de la anastomosis en los resultados funcionales tras la resección anterior baja del recto.
Cir Esp, 51 (1992), pp. 340-342
[18.]
M. De Miguel, H. Ortiz, J.R. Garrido, G. Morales, P. Armendáriz.
Incontinencia anal en pacientes con neoplasia de recto previamente a la intervención quirúrgica.
Rev Esp Enf Digest, 88 (1996), pp. 29-34
[19.]
F. Lazorthes, P. Fages, P. Chiotasso, J. Lemozy, E. Bloom.
Resection of the rectum with constrution of a colonic reservoir and colo-anal anastomosis for carcinoma of the rectum.
Br J Surg, 73 (1986), pp. 136-138
[20.]
R. Parc, E. Tiret, P. Frileux, E. Mozkowski, J. Laygue.
Resection and coloanal anastomosis with colonic reservoir for rectal carcinoma.
Br J Surg, 73 (1986), pp. 139-141
[21.]
R.A. Gamagami, A. Liagre, P. Chiotasso, G. Istvan, F. Lazorthes.
Coloanal anastomosis for distal third rectal cancer. Prospective study of oncologic results.
Dis Colon Rectum, 42 (1999), pp. 1272-1275
[22.]
A. Berger, E. Tiret, C. Cunningham, N. Den, R. Parc.
Rectal excision and colonic pouch-anal anastomosis for rectal cancer. Oncologic results a five years.
Dis Colon Rectum, 42 (1999), pp. 1265-1271
[23.]
L. Jen-Kou, W. Huang-Sheng, Y. Shung-Haur, J. Jeng-Kae, C.H. Wei-Shone, L. Tzu-Chen.
Comparison between straight and J-pouch coloanal anastomosis in surgery for rectal cancer.
Surgery Today, 6 (2002), pp. 487-492
[24.]
O. Hallbook, K. Johansson, R. Sjodahl.
Laser-Doppler blood measurement in rectal resection for carcinoma –comparison between the straight and colonic J pouch reconstruction.
Br J Surg, 83 (1996), pp. 389-392
[25.]
H. Ortiz, M. De Miguel, P. Armendáriz, J. Rodríguez, C. Chocarro.
Coloanal anastomosis: are functional results better with a pouch?.
Dis Colon Rectum, 38 (1995), pp. 375-377
[26.]
O. Hallbook, L. Pahlman, M. Krog, S.D. Wesner, R. Sjodal.
Randomized comparison of straight and colonic J pouch anastomosis after low anterior resection.
Ann Surg, 224 (1996), pp. 58-65
[27.]
Y.H. Ho, M. Tan, F. Seow-Choen.
Prospective randomized controlled study of clinical function and anorectal physiology after low anterior resection: comparison of straight and colonic J pouch anastomosis.
Br J Surg, 83 (1996), pp. 978-980
[28.]
F. Lazorthes, P. Chiotasso, R.A. Gamagami, G. Istvan, P. Chevreau.
Late clinical outcome in a randomized prospective comparison of colonic J pouch and straight coloanal anastomosis.
Br J Surg, 84 (1997), pp. 1449-1451
[29.]
N. Dehni, E. Tiret, J.D. Singland, C. Cunningham, R.D. Schlegel, M. Guiguet, et al.
Long-term functional outcome after low anterior resection: comparison of low colorectal anastomosis and J-pouchanal anastomosis.
Dis Colon Rectum, 41 (1998), pp. 817-823
[30.]
A. Fürst, B. Karin, H. Lilly, J. Karl-Walter.
Neorectal reservoir is not the functional principle of the colonic J-pouch.
Dis Colon Rectum, 45 (2002), pp. 660-667
[31.]
M. De Miguel, H. Ortiz, C. Yárnoz, J. Marzo, P. Armendáriz, C. Artieda.
Anastomosis coloanal con reservorio: ¿es una solución para el síndrome de la resección anterior?.
Cir Esp, 69 (2001), pp. 455-458
[32.]
J. Hida, M. Yasutomi, K. Fujimoto, T. Maruyama, T. Tokoto, T. Wakano, et al.
Enlargement of colonic pouch after proctectomy and coloanal anastomosis. Potential cause for evacuation difficulty.
Dis Colon Rectum, 42 (1999), pp. 1181-1188
[33.]
F. Lazorthes, R. Gamagami, P. Chiotasso, G. Istvan, S. Muhammad.
Prospective, randomized study comparing clinical results between small and large colonic J-pouch following coloanal anastomosis.
Dis Colon Rectum, 40 (1997), pp. 1409-1413
[34.]
V.W. Fazio, C.R. Mantyh, T.L. Hull.
Colonic coloplasty: novel technique to enhance low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis.
Dis Colon Rectum, 43 (2000), pp. 1448-1450
[35.]
C.R. Mantyh, T.L. Hull, V.W. Fazio.
Coloplasty in low colorectal anastomosis: manometric and functional comparison with straight and colonic J-pouch anastomosis.
Dis Colon Rectum, 44 (2001), pp. 37-42
[36.]
Y.H. Ho, J.M. Chiang, M. Tan, J.Y. Low.
Biofeedback therapy for excessive stool frequency and incontinence following anterior resection or total colectomy.
Dis Colon Rectum, 39 (1996), pp. 1289-1292
[37.]
K.E. Matzel, U. Stadelmaier, B. Bittorf, M. Hohenfellner, W. Hohenberger.
Bilateral sacral spinal nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence after low anterior rectum resection.
Int J Colorectal Dis, 17 (2002), pp. 430-434
[38.]
J. Camilleri-Brennan, R.J. Steele.
Quality of life after treatment for rectal cancer.
Br J Surg, 85 (1998), pp. 1036-1043
[39.]
K. Ulander, B. Jeppsson, G. Grahn.
Quality of life and independence in activities of daily living preoperatively and at follow-up in patients with colorectal cancer.
Support Care Cancer, 5 (1997), pp. 402-409
[40.]
C.E. Dukes.
Management of a permanent colostomy: study of 100 patients at home.
Lancet, 2 (1947), pp. 12-14
[41.]
N.S. Williams, D. Johnston.
The quality of life after rectal excision for low rectal cancer.
Br J Surg, 70 (1983), pp. 460-462
[42.]
M.A. Sprangers, B.G. Taal, N.K. Aaronson, A. Ter Velde.
Quality of life in colorectal cancer. Stoma vs. nonstoma patients.
Dis Colon Rectum, 38 (1995), pp. 361-369
[43.]
H. Ortiz, P. Armendariz.
Anterior resection: do the patients perceive any clinical benefit?.
Int J Colorec Dis, 4 (1996), pp. 191-225
[44.]
M.A. Sprangers, B.G. Taal, N.K. Aaronson, A. Te Velde.
Quality of life in colorectal cancer. Stoma vs. nonstoma patients.
Dis Colon Rectum, 38 (1995), pp. 361-369
[45.]
A. Frigell, M. Ottander, H. Stenbeck, L. Pahlman.
Quality of life of patients treated with abdominoperineal resection or anterior resection for rectal carcinoma.
Ann Chir Gynaecol, 79 (1990), pp. 26-30
[46.]
D.K. Whynes, A.R. Neilson, M.H. Robinson, J.D. Hardcastle.
Colorectal cancer screening and quality of life.
Qual Life Res, 3 (1994), pp. 191-198
[47.]
D.K. Whynes, A.R. Neilson.
Symptoms before and after surgery for colorectal cancer.
Qual Life Res, 6 (1997), pp. 61-66
[48.]
N.K. Aaronson, S. Ahmedzai, B. Bergman, M. Bullinger, A. Cull, N.J. Duez, et al.
The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 85 (1993), pp. 365-376
[49.]
P. Fayers, A. Bottomley.
Quality of life research within the EORTCthe EORTC QLQ-C30.
Eur J Cancer, 38 (2002), pp. 125-133
[50.]
M.A. Sprangers, A. Te Velde, N.K. Aaronson.
The construction and testing of the EORTC colorectal cancer-specific quality of life questionnaire module (QLQ-CR38). European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Study Group on Quality of Life.
Eur J Cancer, 35 (1999), pp. 238-247
[51.]
M.M. Grumann, E.M. Noack, I.A. Hoffmann, P.M. Schlag.
Comparison of quality of life in patients undergoing abdominoperineal extirpation or anterior resection for rectal cancer.
Ann Surg, 233 (2001), pp. 149-156
[52.]
Armendáriz P, Artieda C, Marzo J, Yarnoz C, De Miguel M, Ortiz H. Quality of life in low rectal cancer; Stoma vs nonstoma patients. Actas de Scientific and First Annual Meeting of European Association of Coloproctology; 2000, septiembre 15-16, Versalles
[53.]
J. Camilleri-Brennan, R.J.C. Steele.
Objective assessment of morbidity and quality of life after surgery for low rectal cancer.
Colorectal Disease, 4 (2002), pp. 61-66
[54.]
J. Camilleri-Brennan, R.J.C. Steele.
Prospective analysis of quality of life and survival following mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.
Br J Surg, 88 (2001), pp. 1617-1622
[55.]
S.D. Ramsey, K. Berry, C. Moinpour, A. Giedzinska, M.R. Andersen.
Quality of life in long term survivors of colorectal cancer.
Am J Gastroenterol, 97 (2002), pp. 1228-1234
[56.]
M.G. Guren, J.N. Wiig, S. Dueland, K.M. Tveit, S.D. Fossa, H. Waehre, et al.
Quality of life in patients with urinary diversion after operation for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Eur J Surg Oncol, 27 (2001), pp. 645-651
[57.]
D.P. O’Leary, C.J. Fide, C. Foy, M.E. Lucarotti.
Quality of life after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and temporary loop ileostomy for rectal carcinoma.
Br J Surg, 88 (2001), pp. 1216-1220
[58.]
J. Camilleri-Brennan, R.J.C. Steele.
Prospective analysis of quality of life after reversal of a defunctioning loop ileostomy.
Colorectal Dis, 4 (2002), pp. 167-171
[59.]
O. Hallbook, U. Hass, A. Wanstrom, R. Sjodahl.
Quality of life measurement after rectal excision for cancer. Comparison between straight and colonic J-pouch anastomosis.
Scand J Gastroenterol, 32 (1997), pp. 490-493
[60.]
A. Furst, K. Burghofer, L. Hutzel, K.W. Jauch.
Neorectal reservoir is not the functional principle of the colonic j-pouch: the volume of a short colonic j-pouch does not differ from a straight coloanal anastomosis.
Dis Colon Rectum, 45 (2002), pp. 660-667
[61.]
M. Sailer, K.H. Fuchs, M. Fein, A. Thiede.
Randomized clinical trial comparing quality of life after straight and pouch coloanal reconstruction.
Br J Surg, 89 (2002), pp. 1108-1117
[62.]
J.C. Weeks, H. Nelson, S. Gelber, D. Sargent, G. Schroeder.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Study Group. Short-term quality-of-life outcomes following laparoscopic-assisted colectomy vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a randomized trial.
JAMA, 287 (2002), pp. 321-328
[63.]
J.J. Tjandra, D.M. Reading, S.A. McLachlan, I.F. Gunn, M.D. Green, S.J. McLaughlin, et al.
Phase II clinical trial of preoperative combined chemoradiation for T3 and T4 resectable rectal cancer: preliminary results.
Dis Colon Rectum, 44 (2001), pp. 1113-1122
[64.]
J. Camilleri-Brennan, R.J. Steele.
The impact of recurrent rectal cancer on quality of life.
Eur J Surg Oncol, 27 (2001), pp. 349-353
Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos