metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española Incontinencia fecal: neurofisiología y neuromodulación
Información de la revista
Vol. 76. Núm. 2.
Páginas 65-70 (agosto 2004)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 76. Núm. 2.
Páginas 65-70 (agosto 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Incontinencia fecal: neurofisiología y neuromodulación
Fecal incontinence: Neurophysiology and neuromodulation
Visitas
10536
Arantxa Muñoz-Duyosa,1
Autor para correspondencia
arantxasf@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Dra. A. Muñoz Duyos. Unidad de Coloproctología. Departamento de Cirugía General. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Plaza Dr. Robert, 5. 08221 Terrassa. España.
, Jordi Monterob, Albert Navarroa, Carlos del Ríoc, María Isabel García-Domingoa, Constancio Marcoa
a Unidad de Coloproctología. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona.
b Unidad de Neurofisiología. Ciudad Sanitaria de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
c Unidad de Coloproctología. Ciudad Sanitaria de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

La incontinencia fecal puede causar un déficit importante en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y originar sociopatías graves. Numerosos pacientes afectados de incontinencia fecal adoptan hábitos sociales y conductas que evitan las relaciones personales. Las claves diagnósticas de estos trastornos y las opciones terapéuticas, todavía en desarrollo, están escasamente sistematizadas. La neurofisiología de la defecación está todavía por aclarar y depende de la integridad de las estructuras anatómicas y neuronales, así como de la correcta coordinación de muchos sistemas mecánicos y presivos que permiten el desarrollo de este automatismo, que se aprende en los primeros años de vida. La exploración estructural del canal anal debe combinarse con un estudio neurofisiológico que nos permita ahondar en el conocimiento de estos trastornos, catalogar mejor a los pacientes e indicar diferentes alternativas terapéuticas con mayor eficacia. La aparición de la estimulación de raíces sacras, que basa su efecto terapéutico en la neuromodulación, debe implicar a los cirujanos en el conocimiento de las bases neurológicas de la defecación y las exploraciones que deberían realizarse en todos los pacientes con incontinencia fecal.

Palabras clave:
Neurofisiología
Defecación
Incontinencia fecal
Neuromodulación
Estimulación de raíces sacras

Fecal incontinence can seriously affect quality of life and provoke significant social problems. Numerous patients with fecal incontinence adopt social and behavioral habits that avoid personal relationships. The diagnostic keys to these disorders and the therapeutic options, which are still being developed, have not been systematized. The neurophysiology of defecation remains to be elucidated and depends on the integrity of the anatomic and neuronal structures, as well as on the effective coordination of many mechanical and pressure systems that allow the development of this automatism, which is learned in the first years of life. Structural investigation of the anal canal should be combined with neurophysiological study that would allow us to gain deeper knowledge of these disorders, classify patients more effectively and propose distinct and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Because the therapeutic effect of sacral nerve stimulation is based on neuromodulation, surgeons should become well versed in the neurological bases of defecation and the investigations that should be performed in all patients with fecal incontinence.

Key words:
Neurophysiology
Defecation
Fecal incontinence
Neuromodulation
Sacral nerve stimulation
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M.M. Schuster.
Continence and defecation.
Diseases of the nervous system,
[2.]
P. Enck, P. Bielefeldt, W. Rathmann, J. Purrman, D. Tschope, J.F. Erckenbrecht.
Epidemiology of faecal incontinence in a selected patient group.
Int J Colorectal Dis, 6 (1991), pp. 143-146
[3.]
R. Nelson, N. Norton, E. Cautley, S. Furner.
Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence.
JAMA, 274 (1995), pp. 559-561
[4.]
N.J. Talley, E.A. O’Keefe, A.R. Zinsmeister, J.L. Melton.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population based study.
Gastroenterology, 102 (1992), pp. 895-901
[5.]
M.A. Kamm.
Faecal incontinence.
BMJ, 316 (1998), pp. 528-532
[6.]
S.F. Phillips, D.A.W. Edwards.
Some aspects of anal continence in defecation.
Gut, 6 (1965), pp. 396-406
[7.]
E.S. Kiff, M. Swash.
Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) fecal incontinence.
Br J Surg, 71: 615-6 (1984),
[8.]
M.E. Neill, M. Swash.
Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in anorectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 43 (1980), pp. 343-347
[9.]
R. Miller, D.C. Bartolo, A.M. Roe, F. Cervero, N.J. Mortensen.
Anorectal temperature sensation: a comparison of normal and incontinent patients.
Br J Surg, 74 (1987), pp. 511-515
[10.]
A. Solana, J.V. Roig, C. Villoslada, J. Hinojosa, S. Lledó.
Anorectal sensitivity in patients with obstructed defaecation.
Int J Colorect Dis, 11 (1996), pp. 65-70
[11.]
Serra J, Del Río C, Montero J. Quantitative thermotesting of the anal canal: a new method for the assesment of pudendal neuropathy [en prensa]. Rev Neurol
[12.]
M.M. Henry, M. Swash.
Coloproctology and the pelvic floor. Pathophysiology and management.
[13.]
A.G. Parks, M. Swash, H. Urich.
Sphincter denervation in anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse.
Gut, 18 (1977), pp. 656-665
[14.]
M. Pinna Pintor, G.P. Zara, E. Falleto, L. Monge, M. Demattei, Q. Carta, et al.
Pudendal neuropathy in diabetic patients with faecal incontinence.
Int J Colorect Dis, 9 (1994), pp. 105-109
[15.]
S. Podnar, D.B. Vodusëk.
Protocol for clinical neurophysiologic examination of the pelvic floor.
Neurourology Urodinamics, 20 (2001), pp. 669-682
[16.]
J. Palace, V.A. Chandiramani, C.J. Fowler.
Value of sphincter EMG in the diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy.
Muscle Nerve, 20 (1997), pp. 1103-1396
[17.]
F. Valldeoriola, J. Valls-Solé, E. Tolosa, M.J. Martí.
Striated anal sphincter denervation in patients with progressive supranuclear plasy.
Mov Disord, 9 (1995), pp. 117-121
[18.]
I. Eardley, N.P. Quinn, C.J. Fowler, R.S. Kirby, H.F. Parkhouse, C.D. Marsden, et al.
The value of urethral sphincter electromyography in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.
Br J Urol, 64 (1989), pp. 360-362
[19.]
M.M. Henry.
Neurophysiological assesment of the pelvic floor.
Gut, 29 (1988), pp. 1-4
[20.]
E.A. Tanagho, R.A. Schmidt, B.R. Orvis.
Neural stimulation for control of voiding dysfunction: a preliminary report in 22 patients with serious neuropathic voiding disorders.
J Urol, 142 (1989), pp. 340
[21.]
W.F. Thon, L.S. Baskin, U. Jonas, E.A. Tanagho, R.A. Schmidt.
Neuromodulation of voiding dysfunction and pelvic pain.
World J Urol, 9 (1991), pp. 138-141
[22.]
J.L. Bosch, J. Groen.
Sacral (S3) segmental nerve stimulation as a treatment for urge incontinence in patients with detrusor instability: results of chronic electrical stimulation using an implantable neural prothesis.
J Urol, 154 (1995), pp. 504-507
[23.]
R.A. Janknegt, E.H.J. Weil, P.H.A. Eedermans.
Improving neuromodulation technique for refractory voiding dysfunctions: two-stage implant.
[24.]
E.H. Weil, J.L. Ruiz Cerdá, P.H.A. Eerdmans, R.A Janknegt, P.E. Van Kerrebroeck.
Clinical results of sacral neuromodulation for chronic voiding dysfunction using unilateral sacral foramen electrodes.
World J Urol, 16 (1998), pp. 313-321
[25.]
M. Pescatori, R. Pavesio, G. Anastasio, S. Daini.
Transanal electrostimulation for fecal incontinence: clinical, psychologic, and manometric prospective study.
Dis Colon Rectum, 34 (1991), pp. 540-545
[26.]
M. Sheuer, H.C. Kuijpers, G. Bleijengerg.
Effect of electroestimulation on sphincter function in neurogenic fecal continence.
Dis Colon Rectum, 37 (1994), pp. 590-594
[27.]
K.E. Matzel, U. Stadelmaier, M. Hohenfeller, F.P. Gall.
Electrical stimulation of spinal nerves for treatment of faecal incontinence.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 1124-1127
[28.]
A.J. Malouf, C.J. Vaizey, R.J. Nicholls, M.A. Kamm.
Permanent sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence.
Ann Surg, 232 (2000), pp. 143-148
[29.]
E. Ganio, A. Realis, G. Clerico, M. Trompetto.
Sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of faecal incontinence.
Dis Colon Rectum, 44 (2001), pp. 619-631
[30.]
A.M. Leroi, F. Michot, P. Grise, P. Denis.
Effect of sacral nerve stimulation in patients with fecal and urinary incontinence.
Dis Colon Rectum, 44 (2001), pp. 779-789
[31.]
E. Ganio, C. Ratto, A. Masin, et al.
(GINS experience). Neuromodulation for fecal incontinence: outcome in 16 patients with definitive implant.
Dis Colon Rectum, 44 (2001), pp. 965-970
[32.]
H.R. Rosen, C. Urbarz, B. Holzer, G. Novi, R. Schiessel.
Sacral nerve stimulation as a tratment for fecal incontinence.
Gastroenterology, 121 (2001), pp. 536-541
[33.]
N.J. Kenefick, C.J. Vaizey, R.C.G. Cohen, R.J. Nicholls, M.A. Kamm.
Medium-term results of permanent sacarl nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence.
[34.]
Matzel K, Kamm MA, Stösser M, Baeten GMI, Christiansen J, Madoff R, and MDT 301 Study Group. Sacral spinal nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: a multicenter study [en prensa]. Lancet
[35.]
E.L. Koldewijn, P.F. Rosier, E.J. Meuleman, A.M. Koster, F.M. Debruyne, P.E. Van Kerrebroeck.
Predictors of success with neuromodulation in lower urinary tract dysfunction: results of trial stimulation in 100 patients.
J Urol, 152 (1994), pp. 2071-2075
[36.]
J. Montero-Homs, A. Muñoz-Duyos, C. Del Río.
Transtornos de la función esfinteriana. Fisiopatología y estudio neurofisiológico.
Rev Neurol, 36 (2003), pp. 1065-1072
[37.]
D.B. Vodusek, J.K. Light, J.M. Liby.
Detrusor inhibition induced by stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents.
Neurourol Urodyn, 5 (1986), pp. 381
[38.]
B.L. Ohlsson, M. Fall, S. Frankerberg-Sommar.
Effects of external and direct pudendal nerve maximal electrical stimulation in the treatment of the uninhibited overactive bladder.
Br J Urol, 64 (1989), pp. 374
[39.]
D. Schultz-Lampel, C. Jiang, S. Lindstrom, J.W. Thuroff.
Experimental results on mechanisms of action of electrical neuromodulation in chronic urinary retention.
World J Urol, 16 (1998), pp. 301-304
Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos