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Inicio Cirugía Española Oclusión adherencial de intestino delgado: factores predictivos de la indicaciÃ...
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Vol. 72. Núm. 2.
Páginas 72-78 (agosto 2002)
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Vol. 72. Núm. 2.
Páginas 72-78 (agosto 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Oclusión adherencial de intestino delgado: factores predictivos de la indicación quirúrgica
Adhesional small bowel obstruction: Factors predictive for surgical indication
Visitas
11505
V. Javier Escriga,1
Autor para correspondencia
jescrig@comcas.es

Correspondencia: Dr. V.J. Escrig. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital General de Castellón. Secretaría. Planta 5ªB. Avda. Benicasim, s/n. 12004 Castellón.
, Vicente Ángela, Vicente Senenta, Carmen Villegasa, Luis Senísb, José Luis Salvadorc
a Médico Adjunto
b Jefe de Sección
c Jefe de Servicio. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital General de Castellón
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

La oclusión de intestino delgado por causa adherencial es un proceso frecuente como causa de ingreso, cuya dificultad no se halla en el diagnóstico sino en su manejo, por lo que es importante encontrar factores predictivos que ayuden a elegir el tratamiento óptimo en cada caso.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 154 pacientes con oclusión adherencial del intestino delgado, anotándose aquellos datos objetivos (demográficos, radiológicos, analíticos y antecedentes quirúrgicos) e ingresos previos por la misma causa.Tras realizar el estudio descriptivo se aplicó el análisis inferencial bivariante para aquellos resultados relevantes. Los resultados llamativos del último ingreso se estudiaron mediante un análisis multivariante de regresión logística para buscar un conjunto de variables que ofrecieran el mejor modelo predictivo para la indicación quirúrgica.

Resultados

El 38,8% de los pacientes ingresados fueron intervenidos, de los cuales el 34,6% presentaban un cuadro de estrangulación. Las cirugías ginecológica y colorrectal presentan una mayor incidencia de indicación quirúrgica. Para la indicación quirúrgica, la ausencia de aireación colónica (55%) junto con la alteración del ionograma son las variables de mayor significación estadística. En el análisis multivariante, estas dos variables, junto a la cirugía previa de localización inframesocólica, presentan un poder predictivo independiente.

Conclusiones

Existen factores pronósticos objetivos relacionados con la indicación quirúrgica en la oclusión adherencial de intestino delgado y, aunque su aplicación conjunta como modelo predictivo no ofrezca seguridad total, puede resultar orientador de cara a la estrategia a seguir en lo que respecta a la duración del período de observación bajo tratamiento médico.

Palabras clave:
Obstrucción de intestino delgado
Síndrome adherencial
Cirugía
Análisis multivariante
Objective

Adhesional small bowel obstruction is a frequent cause of admission. The difficulty lies not in the diagnosis of this entity but in its management and consequently it is important to find predictive factors that could indicate the optimal treatment in each patient.

Patients and methods

We performed a retrospective study of 154 patients with adhesional small bowel obstruction. Objective data (demographic characteristics, radiological and laboratory findings, surgical antecedentes) were collected as well as data on previous admissions for the same cause. A descriptive study was performed and bivariate inferential analysis was applied to relevant results. The most striking results of admission were studied using multivariant logistic regression to determine a series of variables that could provide the best predictive model for surgical indication.

Results

A total of 38.8% of patients admitted underwent surgery. Of these, 34.6% presented symptoms of strangulation. Indications for surgery were ore frequent in gynecological and colorectal surgery. For surgical indication, the absence of colonic aeriation (55%), together with alterations in the ionogram, were the variables with the greatest statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, these two variables together with prior inframesocolic surgery had independent predictive value.

Conclusions

There are objective prognostic factors for surgical indication in adhesional small bowel obstruction. Although application of all these factors as a predictive model does not provide complete security, it may guide the strategy to be followed concerning the length of the observation period under medical treatment.

Key words:
Small bowel obstruction
Adhesions syndrome
Surgery
Multivariate analysis
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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