Analizar la validez funcional del tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Graves-Basedow mediante tiroidectomía subtotal con resto diseñado mediante cálculo volumétrico, y los posibles factores de influencia de hipotiroidismo.
Pacientes y métodosEstudio prospectivo con valoración retrospectiva de 77 pacientes operados dejando un resto único de 4-5 ×2 ×1,5-2 cm, calculado mediante la medida de los tres diámetros. Se analizan los porcentajes de hiper e hipotiroidismo posquirúrgico, la incidencia acumulada de hipotiroidismo mediante el método de Kaplan-Meyer, y el estudio de los posibles factores predictivos mediante análisis univariante y multivariante de las variables relacionadas con el tiempo mediante el método de Mantel-Cox, calculándose los riesgos relativos con intervalos de confianza del 95% y la sensibilidad pronóstica mediante el área bajo la curva ROC.
ResultadosCon restos unilaterales de 8 ml y un seguimiento medio de 69,4 (34) meses, el porcentaje de recidiva es del 2,59% y el de hipotiroidismo del 38,6%. El 31% de los hipotiroidismos fueron precoces (3-6 meses) y el 68,9%, subclínicos y tardíos (24- 36 meses), estabilizándose su incidencia actuarial a partir de los 48 meses. El único factor predictivo de hipotiroidismo tardío en el análisis multivariante es la alta concentración postoperatoria de anticuerpos antiperoxidasa, con un riesgo relativo de 6,5.
ConclusionesEl cálculo volumétrico del resto tiroideo aporta unos resultados muy satisfactorios en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Graves- Basedow. Sería aconsejable que los tamaños de los restos se expresaran en volumen real en vez de en la más inexacta medida en gramos, lo que permitiría estandarizar la técnica de medida y comparar correctamente los resultados de los distintos grupos.
To analyze the functional validity of the surgical treatment of Graves-Basedow disease with subtotal thyroidectomy with a remnant designed through volumetric calculation and the possible predictive factors for hypothyroidism.
Patients and methodsWe performed a prospective study with retrospective evaluation of 77 patients who underwent surgery leaving a single 4-5 ×2 ×1.5-2 cm remnant calculated by measuring the three diameters. The percentages of hyper and hypothyroidism were analyzed. The accumulated incidence of hypothyroidism was calculated using the Kaplan-Meyer method and the possible predictive factors were estimated using uni and multivariate analysis of timerelated variables through the Mantel-Cox method. Relative risks were calculated using 95% confidence intervals and prognostic sensitivity was measured using the area under the ROC curve.
ResultsWith unilateral remnants of 8 ml and a mean follow-up of 69.4 (34) months, the percentage of recurrence was 2.59% and that of hypothyroidism was 38.6%. Thirty-one percent of cases of hypothyroidism were early (3-6 months) and 68.9% were subclinical and late (24-36 months) and its actuarial incidence was determined at 48 months. In the multivariate analysis, the only predictive factor for late hypothyroidism was a high postoperative concentration of antiperoxidase antibodies, with a relative risk of 6.5.
ConclusionsVolumetric calculation of the thyroid remnant provides highly satisfactory results in the surgical treatment of Graves-Basedow disease. We recommend that remnant size be expressed in real volume instead of in the less exact measurement in grams, which would enable standardization of the measurement technique and accurate comparison of the results of different groups.