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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Controversies in the surgical treatment of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumo...
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Vol. 88. Núm. 2.
Páginas 69-80 (agosto 2010)
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Vol. 88. Núm. 2.
Páginas 69-80 (agosto 2010)
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Controversies in the surgical treatment of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST)
Controversias en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) primarios
Visitas
1813
Juan Ángel Fernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
jumanjico@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, Maria Encarnación Sánchez-Cánovasb, Pascual Parrillaa
a Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
b Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract

It is estimated that 50% of GIST are located at the time of their diagnosis. A complete surgical resection can be performed in up to 95% of these cases, making this the most important prognostic factor. This surgery must fulfil a series of technical requirements so as to be really effective, as it has to be R0, with no tumour rupture, with preservation of the pseudo-capsule, etc. Although the majority of GIST are gastric, their location in other anatomical areas, such as the oesophagus, duodenum or rectum, require the surgeon to use more complex techniques. Laparoscopy is increasingly used; however, we must avoid its use, due to there being few experienced groups or if there are large tumours. The use of neoadjuvant therapy has revived great interest by allowing to resection tumours that were once non-resectable or in very compromised anatomical locations, with less aggressive surgery. The use of pre-surgical biopsy is not exempt from serious risks, thus it should only be used for establishing a neoadjuvant treatment or if there are diagnostic doubts with other diseases in high risk patients.

Keywords:
GIST
Surgery
Controversies
Neoadjuvant therapy
Laparoscopy
Resumen

Se calcula que un 50% de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal están localizados en el momento de su diagnóstico. Hasta en el 95% de estos casos es posible efectuar una resección quirúrgica completa que se convierte en el factor pronóstico más importante. Esta cirugía debe cumplir una serie de requisitos técnicos para que sea realmente efectiva, como que debe ser R0, sin rotura tumoral, con preservación de la pseudocápsula, etc. Si bien la mayoría de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal son gástricos, su localización en otras zonas anatómicas, como el esófago, duodeno o recto, obligan al cirujano al empleo de técnicas más complejas. La laparoscopia es cada vez más usada; sin embargo, debemos evitar su uso por grupos poco experimentados o en caso de tumores de gran tamaño. El empleo de la neoadyuvancia ha suscitado un gran interés al permitir resecar con cirugías poco agresivas tumores antes irresecables o en localizaciones anatómicas muy comprometidas. El empleo de la biopsia preoperatoria no está exento de grandes riesgos, de ahí que sólo deba emplearse en caso de plantearse un tratamiento neoadyuvante o en caso de existir dudas diagnósticas con otras patologías en pacientes de alto riesgo.

Palabras clave:
Tumor del estroma gastrointestinal
Cirugía
Controversias
Neoadyuvancia
Laparoscopia
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