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Vol. 89. Núm. 3.
Páginas 167-174 (marzo 2011)
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Vol. 89. Núm. 3.
Páginas 167-174 (marzo 2011)
Original article
Acceso a texto completo
Selective intestinal preparation in a multimodal rehabilitation program. Influence on preoperative comfort and the results after colorectal surgery
Preparación intestinal selectiva en un programa de rehabilitación multimodal. Influencia en el confort preoperatorio y resultados tras cirugía colorrectal
Visitas
1438
José Vicente Roig
Autor para correspondencia
roig_jvi@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Alfonso García-Fadrique, Antonio Salvador, Francisco L. Villalba, Bárbara Tormos, Miguel Ángel Lorenzo-Liñán, Juan García-Armengol
Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Despite there being no evidence of the advantages of its use, mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) continues to be routine in colorectal surgery. Our objective is to analyse the impact of its selective use, as regards patient comfort and results, comparing a perioperative multimodal rehabilitation program (MMRH) with conventional care (CC).

Material and methods

A prospective study of 108 patients proposed for elective surgery, assigned consecutively 2:1 to an MMRH protocol which only included MBP in rectal surgery with low anastomosis, or to CC in whom MBP was used except in right colon surgery. We also studied two Groups (A and B) with and without the use of MBP. Their tolerance, results and postoperative recovery variables were analysed.

Results

Thirty-nine patients were included in Group A, and 69 in Group B. A MMRH protocol was used in another 69 patients. The Group A patients had more abdominal pain, anal discomfort, nausea and thirst, but there were no differences as regards, death, overall or local complications, whilst there was less complications, suture failures and death in the MMRH when compared with CC Group (P<.05). There were no advantages observed in the use of MBP as regards the start of bowel movements, tolerance to diet or hospital stay, but these parameters were favourable to the MMRH when compared with CC Group.

Conclusions

The restriction of MBP is safe, and associated with an MMRH program, contributes to a faster and more comfortable recovery, without increasing complications.

Keywords:
Mechanical intestinal preparation
Multimodal rehabilitation
Fast-track
Perioperative care
Colorectal surgery
Resumen
Introducción

Pese a no haberse evidenciado ventajas de su empleo, la preparación mecánica anterógrada (PMA) sigue siendo usual en cirugía colorrectal. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el impacto de su empleo selectivo respecto a confort y resultados en pacientes de un programa de rehabilitación multimodal perioperatoria (RHMM) o con cuidados convencionales (CC).

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo de 108 pacientes propuestos para cirugía electiva, asignados consecutivamente 2:1 a un protocolo de RHMM que incluyó emplear solamente PMA en cirugía rectal con anastomosis baja o a CC en los que se empleó PMA, salvo en cirugía del colon derecho. Además se estudiaron dos grupos (A y B) en función de si se usó o no PMA. Se analizaron su tolerabilidad, sus resultados y las variables de recuperación postoperatoria.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 39 pacientes en el grupo A y a 69 en el B; 69 siguieron el protocolo de RHMM. Los pacientes del grupo A presentaron más dolor abdominal, malestar anal, náuseas y sed, pero no hubo diferencias en lo que respecta a la tasa de muertes, complicaciones globales o su tipo, mientras que sí tuvieron menos complicaciones, fallos de sutura y muertes los pacientes del grupo RHMM (p<0,05). Tampoco hubo ventajas del empleo de PMA respecto al inicio del tránsito intestinal, tolerancia a la dieta o estancias, pero estos parámetros fueron favorables al grupo de RHMM.

Conclusiones

La restricción de la PMA a casos seleccionados es segura, y asociada a un programa de RHMM contribuye a una recuperación más rápida y cómoda sin incrementar las complicaciones.

Palabras clave:
Preparación mecánica intestinal
Rehabilitación multimodal
Fast-track
Cuidados perioperatorios
Cirugía colorrectal
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Scientific study awarded by the Sociedad Valenciana de Cirugía (Valencian surgery society) in January 2011.

Copyright © 2011. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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