Información del artículo
El fundamento de la prevención del ictus se basa inequívocamente en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial (HTA). Con él se reduce intensamente el riesgo de presentar tanto un primer accidente vascular cerebral como la recidiva de ictus. Esta disminución del riesgo es en gran parte dependiente de la mera reducción de cifras de presión arterial (PA), aunque es probable que existan diferencias entre fármacos. Pero también otros factores influyen sobre dicho riesgo. Éste es el caso del colesterol: su tratamiento con estatinas ha demostrado ser beneficioso tanto en prevención secundaria como primaria de pacientes de alto riesgo. Una misma opinión merecen los antiagregantes, que desempeñarían un papel preventivo similar, mientras que los anticoagulantes sólo estarían indicados en la prevención del ictus de origen embólico. Por último, a todo ello cabe añadir el probable beneficio (científicamente no comprobado) de intervenciones basadas en cambios en el estilo de vida.
Palabras clave:
Hipertensión arterial
Ictus
Accidente vascular cerebral
Tratamiento antihipertensivo
Estatinas
Antiagregantes
Descoagulación
Estilo de vida
Prevención
Stroke prevention is unequivocally based on the treatment of hypertension, which drastically reduces the risk of both a first stroke and recurrence. This reduced risk is largely dependent on simply reducing blood pressure values, although there may be differences among drugs. However other factors also influence the risk of stroke. This is the case of cholesterol: its treatment with statins has been shown to be beneficial both in primary and secondary prevention in patients at high risk. The same is true of antiaggregants, which could play a similar preventive role, while anticoagulants are only indicated in the prevention of embolic stroke. Lastly, the probable benefit (not scientifically proven) of interventions based on lifestyle changes should be mentioned.
Key words:
Hypertension
Stroke
Cerebrovascular accident
Antihypertensive treatment
Statins
Antiaggregants
Decoagulation
Lifestyle
Prevention
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