Please cite this article as: Sanabria FR. Preguntas y respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014;42:136–137.
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Preguntas y respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014;42:136–137.</p>" ] ] "examen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "preguntaReferenciaRespuesta" => array:2 [ 0 => null 1 => array:1 [ "pregunta" => array:2 [ "identificador" => "exq0005" "pregunta" => "<p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This section includes questions prepared on the basis of the contents of the articles published in volume 42, number 1 of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology</span>. Accept the challenge to test your reading comprehension and knowledge.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reported incidence of postoperative laryngopharyngeal symptoms following general anesthesia is between 5 and 70% of the patients. Which of the following distractors is not associated with an increased occurrence thereof?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Use of succinylcholine</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Male gender</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Higher incidence with endotracheal tube versus laryngeal mask</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of blood in the airway device during its removal</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The effectiveness of caruncular single peribulbar puncture technique in eye surgery after 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min is approximately:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">90%</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">80%</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">70%</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">60%</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phantom limb pain:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0020"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is less frequent in elderly versus pediatric patients</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Does not depend on the level of amputation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is gender-dependent</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is neuropathic in origin</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0080"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4.</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following peripheral factors are related with the occurrence of phantom limb pain, except for:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0025"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0085"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sympathetic activation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0090"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neuroplasticity</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0095"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Selective loss of C-fibers</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0100"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Development of non-functional connections</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0105"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5.</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The systemic local anesthetic toxicity following an inadvertent injection may be life threatening. Thus, a test dose is mandatory for preventing such event. The recommended drug is:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0030"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0110"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0115"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mcg of fentanyl</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0120"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of 0.5% bupivacaine</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0125"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg lidocaine 0.5% plus 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg epinephrine</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0130"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6.</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Super morbid obesity is a patient with a BMI greater than:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0035"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0135"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>k/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0140"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>k/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0145"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>k/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0150"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>k/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0155"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7.</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Which of the following risk factors increase postoperative morbidity/mortality in the obese patient:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0040"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0160"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Female gender</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0165"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Over 65 years old</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0170"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BMI above 40</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0175"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asthma</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0180"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">8.</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In trauma and cardiovascular surgery, lactate and base deficit are both biomarkers that should be quantified very early on and in a serial mode, since they are both independent predictors of mortality within the first 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Which of the following statements is false:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0045"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0185"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the presence of mitochondrial oxygen, 36 ATPs are produced per glucose molecule during oxidative phosphorylation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0190"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Excess pyruvate converts into lactate via the lactic dehydrogenase enzyme that produces 2 ATP molecules</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0195"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">2 categories of lactic acidosis are currently described: type A in the absence of tissue hypoxia and type B when lactic acidosis occurs with tissue hypoxia</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0200"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Salicylate poisoning may result in lactic acidosis type B</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0205"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">9.</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the following are true with regard to lactate and base deficit measurements, except for:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0050"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0210"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The initial lactate value and its early clearance up to 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h are independent early (less than 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h) mortality factors</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0215"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lactate clearance enables the evaluation of the resuscitation process and quantification of the primary lesion</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0220"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regardless of the systolic pressure number, lactate levels of young patients admitted to the emergency room following blunt of penetrating trauma are predictive of the risk of receiving more than 6 red blood cell units in the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0225"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Base deficit and lactate are correlated in hemorrhagic shock. The former is a sound indicator of the actual effective circulating volume deficit</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0230"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">10.</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Which of the following factors is not a predictor for difficult airway of the obese patient<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0055"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0235"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neck circumference (>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm)</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0240"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0245"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cervical mobility</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0250"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bite test</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Reference</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Raffan F. Preguntas y Respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2013:XLI(1);70-1.</p></span>" ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/22562087/0000004200000002/v1_201404120216/S2256208714000303/v1_201404120216/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "950" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Questions and answers" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22562087/0000004200000002/v1_201404120216/S2256208714000303/v1_201404120216/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2256208714000303?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]