Información del artículo
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
A.J. Stunkard, T.A. Wadden.
Restrained eating and human obesity.
Nutr Rev, 48 (1990), pp. 78-86
[2.]
T.I. Sorensen, R.A. Price, A.J. Stunkard, F. Schulsinger.
Genetics of obesity in adult adoptees and their biological siblings.
BMJ, 298 (1989), pp. 87-90
[3.]
M. Guillaume, L. Lapidus, F. Beckers, A. Lambert, P. Bjorntorp.
Familial trends of obesity through three generations: the Belgian-Luxembourg Child Study.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19 (1995), pp. S5-S9
[4.]
C. Bouchard, R. Savard, J.P. Despres, A. Tremblay, C. Leblanc.
Body composition in adopted and biological siblings.
Human Biol, 57 (1985), pp. 61-75
[5.]
Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:1-253.
[6.]
G.E. Zakus.
Obesity in children and adolescents: Understanding and treating the problem.
Social Work Health Care, 8 (1982), pp. 11-29
[7.]
J.A. Yanovski, S.Z. Yanovski.
Recent advances in basic obesity research.
JAMA, 282 (1999), pp. 1504-1506
[8.]
M.C.J. Rudolf.
The obese child.
Arch Dis Child Ed Pract, 89 (2004), pp. 57-62
[9.]
I.S. Farooqi.
Genetic and hereditary aspects of childhood obesity.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 19 (2005), pp. 359-374
[10.]
A. Palou, M.L. Bonet, C. Picó, A.M. Rodríguez.
Nutrigenómica y obesidad.
Rev Med Univ Navarra, 48 (2004), pp. 36-48
[11.]
P.J. Havel.
Peripheral signals conveying metabolic information to the brain: short-term and long-term regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 226 (2001), pp. 963-977
[12.]
A. Astrup, G.K. Grunwald, E.L. Melanson, W.H. Saris, J.O. Hill.
The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad limitum dietary intervention studies.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (2000), pp. 1545-1552
[13.]
N.L. Keim, J.S. Stern, P.J. Havel.
Relation between circulating leptin concentrations and appetite during a prolonged, moderate energy deficit in women.
Am J Clin Nutr, 68 (1998), pp. 794-801
[14.]
R.L. Leibel, M. Rosenbaum, J. Hirsch.
Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 621-628
[15.]
M.W. Schwartz, S.C. Woods, D. Porte Jr, R.J. Seeley, D.G. Baskin.
Central nervous system control of food intake.
Nature, 404 (2000), pp. 661-671
[16.]
OMIMTM — Online Mendelian Inheritance in ManTM [citado 2006]. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM
[17.]
K. Clément, P. Boutin, P. Froguel.
Genetics of obesity.
Am J Pharmacogenomics, 2 (2002), pp. 177-187
[19.]
I.S. Farooqi, J.M. Keogh, G.S. Yeo, E.J. Lank, T. Cheetham, S. O’Rahilly.
Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene.
N Engl J Med, 348 (2003), pp. 1085-1095
[20.]
K. Clément, C. Vaisse, N. Lahlou, S. Cabrol, V. Pelloux, D. Cassuto, et al.
A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction.
Nature, 392 (1998), pp. 398-401
[21.]
H. Krude, H. Biebermann, W. Luck, R. Horn, G. Brabant, A. Gruters.
Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans.
Nat Genet, 19 (1998), pp. 155-157
[22.]
L. Perusse, T. Rankinen, A. Zuberi, Y.C. Chagnon, S.J. Weisnagel, G. Argyropoulos, et al.
The human obesity gene map: the 2004 update.
Obes Res, 13 (2005), pp. 381-490
[23.]
M. Ristow, D. Müller-Wieland, A. Pfeiffer, W. Krone, C.R. Kahn.
Obesity associated with a mutation in a genetic regulator of adipocyte defferentiation.
N Engl J Med, 339 (1998), pp. 953-955
[24.]
D.B. Savage, M. Agostini, I. Barroso, M. Gurnell, J. Luan, A. Meirhaeghe, et al.
Digenic inheritance of severe insulin resistance in a human pedigree.
Nat Genet, 31 (2002), pp. 379-384
[25.]
C.G. Bell, A.J. Walley, P. Froguel.
The genetics of human obesity.
Nat Rev Genet, 6 (2005), pp. 221-234
[26.]
A.H.M. Burghes, H.E.F. Vaessin, A. De la Chapelle.
The land between mendelian and multifactorial inheritance.
Science, 293 (2001), pp. 2213-2214
[27.]
K. Mykytyn, D.Y. Nishimura, C.C. Searby, M. Shastri, H. Yen, J.S. Beck, et al.
Identification of the gene (BBS1) most commonly involved in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a complex human obesity syndrome.
Nature Genet, 31 (2002), pp. 435-438
[28.]
M. Cruz, J. Bosch.
Atlas de síndromes pediátricos.
ESPAXS, (1998),
[29.]
D.E. Cummings, K. Clement, J.Q. Purnell, C. Vaisse, K.E. Foster, R.S. Frayo, et al.
Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader-Willi syndrome.
Nature Med, 8 (2002), pp. 643-644
[30.]
A.M. Spiegel, L.S. Weinstein.
Inherited diseases involving G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors.
Ann Rev Med, 55 (2004), pp. 27-39
[31.]
S.M. Garn, D.C. Clark.
Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity.
Pediatrics, 57 (1976), pp. 443-456
[32.]
C. Bouchard, L. Pérusse, T. Rice, D.C. Rao.
Genetics of human obesity.
Handbook of obesity. Etiology and pathophysiology, 2.a ed.,
[33.]
R.C. Whitaker, J.A. Wright, M.S. Pepe, K.D. Seidel, W.H. Dietz.
Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity.
N Engl J Med, 337 (1997), pp. 869-873
[34.]
L.L. Birch, L. McPhee, S. Sullivan.
Children's food intake following drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame: time course effects.
Physiol Behav, 45 (1989), pp. 387-395
[35.]
J.O. Fisher, L.L. Birch, H. Smiciklas-Wright, M.F. Picciano.
Breastfeeding through the first year predicts maternal control in feeding and subsequent toddler energy intakes.
J Am Diet Assoc, 100 (2000), pp. 641-646
[36.]
L.M. Gartner, J. Morton, R.A. Lawrence, A.J. Naylor, D. O’Hare, R.J. Schanler, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding, et al.
Breastfeeding and the use of human milk.
Pediatrics, 115 (2005), pp. 496-506
[37.]
T. Lobstein, L. Baur, R. Uauy, IASO International Obesity TaskForce.
Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health.
Obes Rev, 5 (2004), pp. S4-104
[38.]
T. Cook, I. Rutishauser, M. Seelig.
Comparable data on food and nutrient intake and physical measurements from the 1983, 1985 and 1995 National Nutrition Surveys.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, (2001),
[39.]
A.M. Rocandio, L. Ansotegui, M. Arroyo.
Comparison of dietary intake among overweight and non-overweight school children.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25 (2001), pp. 1651-1655
[40.]
A.F. McGloin, M.B.E. Livingstone, L.C. Greene, S.E. Webb, J.M. Gibson, S.A. Jebb, et al.
Energy and fat intake in obese and lean children at varying risk of obesity.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26 (2002), pp. 200-207
[41.]
M. Garaulet, A. Martinez, F. Victoria, F. Perez-Llamas, R.M. Ortega, S. Zamora.
Differences in dietary intake and activity level between normal-weight and overweight or obese adolescents.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 30 (2000), pp. 253-258
[42.]
C. Maffeis, G. Talamini, L. Tato.
Influence of diet, physical activity, and parents’ obesity on children's adiposity: a four year longitudinal study.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22 (1998), pp. 758-764
[43.]
L.J. Gillis, L.C. Kennedy, A.M. Gillis, O. Bar-Or.
Relationship between juvenile obesity, dietary energy and fat intake and physical activity.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26 (2002), pp. 458-463
[44.]
C.S. Berkey, H.R. Rockett, A.E. Field, M.W. Gillman, A.L. Frazier, C.A. Camargo Jr, et al.
Activity dietary intake and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls.
Pediatrics, 105 (2000), pp. e56
[45.]
R.P. Troiano, R.R. Briefel, M.D. Carroll, K. Bialostosky.
Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the united states: Data from the national health and nutrition examination surveys.
Am J Clin Nutr, 72 (2000), pp. S1343-S1353
[46.]
H.C.G. Kemper, G.B. Post, J.W.R. Twisk, W. Van Mechelen.
Lifestyle and obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: results from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS).
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (1999), pp. S34-40
[47.]
T.J. Parsons, C. Power, S. Logan, C.D. Summerbell.
Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (1999), pp. S1-107
[48.]
P.A. Smith, R.A. Forshee, M.L. Storey.
Relationship between soft drink consumption and BMI among teens.
FASEB J, 15 (2001), pp. A1001
[49.]
D.S. Ludwig, K.E. Peterson, S.L. Gortmaker.
Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis.
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 505-508
[50.]
S.M. Phillips, L.G. Bandini, E.N. Naumova, H. Cyr, S. Colclough, W.H. Dietz, et al.
Energy-dense snack food intake in adolescence: longitudinal relationship to weight and fatness.
Obes Res, 12 (2004), pp. 461-472
[51.]
L.G. Bandini, D. Vu, A. Must, H. Cyr, A. Goldberg, W.H. Dietz.
Comparison of high-calorie, low-nutrient-dense food consumption among obese and non-obese adolescents.
Obes Res, 7 (1999), pp. 438-443
[52.]
S. Gibson.
Hypothesis: parents may selectively restrict sugarcontaining foods for pre-school children with a high BMI.
Int J Food Sci Nutr, 49 (1998), pp. 65-71
[53.]
A.K. Kant.
Reported consumption of low-nutrient-density foods by American children and adolescents: nutritional and health correlates, NHANES III, 1988 to 1994.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157 (2003), pp. 789-796
[54.]
J.M. Gazzaniga, T.L. Burns.
Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical activity, in preadolescent children.
Am J Clin Nutr, 58 (1993), pp. 21-28
[55.]
A.M. Magarey, L.A. Daniels, T.J. Boulton, R.A. Cockington.
Does fat intake predict adiposity in healthy children and adolescents aged 2–15 years? A longitudinal analysis.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 55 (2001), pp. 471-481
[56.]
M.F. Rolland-Cachera, M. Deheeger, M. Akrout, F. Bellisle.
Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: a follow up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19 (1995), pp. 573-578
[57.]
T.A. Nicklas, R.P. Farris, C.G. Smoak, G.C. Frank, S.R. Srinivasan, L.S. Webber, et al.
Dietary factors relate to cardiovascular risk factors in early life: Bogalusa Heart Study.
Arteriosclerosis, 8 (1988), pp. 193-199
[58.]
F.J. Van Lenthe, W. Van Mechelen, H.C. Kemper, G.B. Post.
Behavioral variables and development of a central pattern of body fat from adolescence into adulthood in normal-weight whites: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study.
Am J Clin Nutr, 67 (1998), pp. 846-852
[59.]
J.W. Twisk, H.C. Kemper, W. Van Mechelen, G.B. Post.
Tracking of risk factors for coronary heart disease over a 14-year period: a comparison between lifestyle and biologic risk factors with data from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study.
Am J Epidemiol, 145 (1997), pp. 888-898
[60.]
J.W. Twisk, W. Van Mechelen, H.C. Kemper, G.B. Post.
The relation between “long-term exposure” to lifestyle during youth and young adulthood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease at adult age.
J Adolesc Health, 20 (1997), pp. 309-319
[61.]
G.B. Post, H.C. Kemper, J. Twisk, W. Van Mechelen.
The association between dietary patterns and cardio vascular disease risk indicators in healthy youngsters: results covering fifteen years of longitudinal development.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 51 (1997), pp. 387-393
[62.]
S. Shea, C.E. Basch, A.D. Stein, I.R. Contento, M. Irigoyen, P. Zybert.
Is there a relationship between dietary fat and stature or growth in children three to five years of age?.
Pediatrics, 92 (1993), pp. 579-586
[63.]
P.K. Newby, K.E. Peterson, C.S. Berkey, J. Leppert, W.C. Willett, G.A. Colditz.
Dietary composition and weight change among low-income preschool children.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157 (2003), pp. 759-764
[64.]
R.C. Klesges, L.M. Klesges, L.H. Eck, M.L. Shelton.
A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children.
Pediatrics, 95 (1995), pp. 126-130
[65.]
J.D. Skinner, W. Bounds, B.R. Carruth, M. Morris, P. Ziegler.
Predictors of children's body mass index: a longitudinal study of diet and growth in children aged 2-8 y.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. 476-482
[66.]
C. Maffeis, Y. Schutz, A. Grezzani, S. Provera, G. Placenti, L. Tato.
Meal-induced thermogenesis and obesity: Is a fat meal a risk factor for fat gain in children.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86 (2001), pp. 214-219
[67.]
S. Scaglioni, C. Agostini, R.D. Notaris, G. Radaelli, N. Radice, M. Valenti, et al.
Early macronutrient intake and overweight at five years.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (2000), pp. 777-781
[68.]
M. Wabitsch, H. Hauner, E. Heinze, W.M. Teller.
The role of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors in adipocyte differentiation.
Metabolism, 44 (1995), pp. 45-49
[69.]
A.R. Dorosty, P.M. Emmett, I.S. Cowin, J.J. Reilly, ALSPAC Study Team.
Factors associated with early adiposity rebound.
Pediatrics, 105 (2000), pp. 1115-1118
[70.]
J.F. Guthrie, J.F. Morton.
Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans.
J Am Diet Assoc, 100 (2000), pp. 43-51
[71.]
L. Harnack, J. Stang, M. Story.
Soft drink consumption among US Children and adolescents: nutritional cosequences.
J Am Diet Assoc, 99 (1999), pp. 436-441
[72.]
T.T. Huang, N.C. Howarth, B.H. Lin, S.B. Roberts, M.A. McCrory.
Energy intake and meal portions: associations with BMI percentile in U.S. children.
Obes Res, 12 (2004), pp. 1875-1885
[73.]
R.P. Heaney, K.M. Davies, M.J. Barger-Lux.
Calcium and weight: clinical studies.
J Am Coll Nutr, 21 (2002), pp. S152-S155
[74.]
M.B. Zemel, J. Richards, S. Mathis, A. Milstead, L. Gebhardt, E. Silva.
Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects.
Int J Obes (Lond), 29 (2005), pp. 391-397
[75.]
M.B. Zemel, W. Thompson, A. Milstead, K. Morris, P. Campbell.
Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults.
Obes Res, 12 (2004), pp. 582-590
[76.]
B.R. Carruth, J.D. Skinner.
The role of dietary calcium and other nutrients in moderating body fat in preschool children.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25 (2001), pp. 559-566
[77.]
S.M. Phillips, L.G. Bandini, H. Cyr, S. Colclough-Douglas, E. Naumova, A. Must.
Dairy food consumption and body weight and fatness studied longitudinally over the adolescent period.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27 (2003), pp. 1106-1113
[78.]
J.D. Skinner, W. Bounds, B.R. Carruth, P. Ziegler.
Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children's body fat indexes.
J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (2003), pp. 1626-1631
[79.]
J.H. O’Keefe Jr, L. Cordain.
Cardiovascular disease resulting from a diet and lifestyle at odds with our Paleolithic genome: how to become a 21s-century hunter-gatherer.
Mayo Clin Proc, 79 (2004), pp. 101-108
[80.]
S.A. French, M. Story, D. Neumark-Sztainer, J.A. Fulkerson, P. Hannan.
Fast food restaurant use among adolescents: associations with nutrient intake, food choice and behavioral and psychosocial variables.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25 (2001), pp. 1823-1833
[81.]
S.J. Nielsen, A.M. Siega-Riz, B.M. Popkin.
Trends in food locations and sources among adolescents and young adults.
Prev Med, 35 (2002), pp. 107-113
[82.]
S.A. Bowman, S.L. Gortmaker, C.B. Ebbeling, M.A. Pereira, D.S. Ludwig.
Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey.
Pediatrics, 113 (2004), pp. 112-118
[83.]
O.M. Thompson, C. Ballew, K. Resnicow, A. Must, L.G. Bandini, H. Cyr, et al.
Food purchased away from home as a predictor of change in BMI z-Score among girls.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. 282-289
[84.]
S. Paeratakul, D.P. Ferdinand, C.M. Champagne, D.H. Ryan, G.A. Bray.
Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile.
J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (2003), pp. 1332-1338
[85.]
L.J. Gillis, O. Bar-Or.
Food away from home, sugar-sweetened drink consumption and juvenile obesity.
J Am Coll Nutr, 22 (2003), pp. 539-545
[86.]
C.B. Ebbeling, K.B. Sinclair, M.A. Pereira, E. Garcia-Lago, H.A. Feldman, D.S. Ludwig.
Compensation for energy intake from fast food among overweight and lean adolescents.
JAMA, 291 (2004), pp. 2828-2833
[87.]
M.K. Fox, S. Pac, B. Devaney, L. Jankowski.
Feeding Infants and Toddler Study: what foods are infants and toddlers eating?.
J Am Diet Assoc, 104 (2004), pp. S22-30
[88.]
Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington: Institute of Medicine. National Academies Press; 2002.
[89.]
M.L. Cilleruelo, E. Román, C. Vázquez, P. Martínez de Icaya, M.A. Jaunsolo, T. López del Val, et al.
Valoración antropométrica nutricional de la población escolar de la Comunidad de Madrid.
An Esp Pediatr, 43 (1995), pp. 407-412
[90.]
Díez-Gañán L, Galán Labaca I, León Domínguez CM, Alcaraz Cebrian F. El patrón alimentario y perfil nutricional de la población infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados de la Encuesta de Nutrición Infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid. Boletín Epidemiológico de la Comunidad de Madrid. 2005;11:3-32.
[91.]
J.A. Welsh, M.E. Cogswell, S. Rogers, H. Rockett, Z. Mei, L.M. Grummer-Strawn.
Overweight among low-income preschool children associated with the consumption of sweet drinks: Missouri, 1999-2002.
Pediatrics, 115 (2005), pp. e223-e229
[92.]
S.L. Gortmaker, K. Petersen, J. Wiecha, A.M. Sobol, S. Dixit, M.K. Fox, et al.
Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 153 (1999), pp. 409-418
[93.]
G. Mrdjenovic, D.A. Levitsky.
Nutritional and energetic consequences of sweetened drink consumption in 6-to 13-year-old children.
J Pediatr, 142 (2003), pp. 604-610
[94.]
C.S. Berkey, H.R. Rockett, A.E. Field, et al.
Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change.
Obes Res, 12 (2004), pp. 778-788
[95.]
K.W. Cullen, D.M. Ash, C. Warneke, C. De Moor.
Intake of soft drinks, fruit-flavored beverages, and fruits and vegetables by children in grades 4 through 6.
Am J Pub Health, 92 (2002), pp. 1475-1478
[96.]
J.F. Morton, J.F. Guthrie.
Changes in children's total fat intakes and their food group sources of fat, 1989-91 versus 1994-95: implications for diet quality.
Fam Econ Nutr Rev, 11 (1998), pp. 44-57
[97.]
J. James, P. Thomas, D. Cavan, D. Kerr.
Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomized controlled trial.
BMJ, 328 (2004), pp. 1237
[98.]
J. Giammattei, G. Blix, H.H. Marshak, A.O. Wollitzer, D.J. Pettitt.
Television watching and soft drink consumption.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157 (2003), pp. 882-886
[99.]
C.S. Berkey, H.R. Rockett, M.W. Gillman, A.E. Field, G.A. Colditz.
Longitudinal study of skipping breakfast and weight change in adolescents.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27 (2003), pp. 1258-1266
[100.]
R. Rajeshwari, S.J. Yang, T.A. Nicklas, G.S. Berenson.
Secular trends in children's sweetened-beverage consumption (1973 to 1994): the Bogalusa Heart Study.
J Am Diet Assoc, 105 (2005), pp. 208-214
[101.]
R.A. Forshee, M.L. Storey.
Total beverage consumption and beverage choices among children and adolescents.
Int J Food Sci Nutr, 54 (2003), pp. 297-307
[103.]
S.A. Gibson.
Consumption and sources of sugars in the diets of British schoolchildren: are high-sugar diets nutritionally inferior?.
J Hum Nutr Diet, 6 (1993), pp. 355-371
[104.]
B.A. Dennison, H.L. Rockwell, S.L. Baker.
Excess fruit juice consumption by preschool-aged children is associated with short stature and obesity.
Pediatrics, 99 (1997), pp. 15-22
[105.]
J.D. Skinner, B.R. Carruth, J. Moran 3rd, K. Houck, F. Coletta.
Fruit juice intake is not related to children's growth.
Pediatrics, 103 (1999), pp. 58-64
[106.]
J.D. Skinner, B.R. Carruth.
A longitudinal study of children's juice intake and growth: the juice controversy revisited.
J Am Diet Assoc, 101 (2001), pp. 432-437
[107.]
S.J. Nielsen, B.M. Popkin.
Patterns and trends in food portion sizes, 1977-1998.
JAMA, 289 (2003), pp. 450-453
[108.]
G.S. Rampersaud, L.B. Bailey, G.P. Kauwell.
National survey beverage consumption data for children and adolescents indicate the need to encour- age a shift toward more nutritive beverages.
J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (2003), pp. 97-100
[109.]
S.A. French, B.H. Lin, J.F. Guthrie.
National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/1978 to 1994/1998.
J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (2003), pp. 1326-1331
[110.]
P.M. Guenther.
Beverages in the diets of American teenagers.
J Am Diet Assoc, 86 (1986), pp. 493-499
[111.]
C. Ballew, S. Kuester, C. Gillespie.
Beverage choices affect adequacy of children's nutrient intakes.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154 (2000), pp. 1148-1152
[112.]
C.D. Frary, R.K. Johnson, M.Q. Wang.
Children and adolescents’ choices of foods and beverages high in added sugars are associated with intakes of key nutrients and food groups.
J Adolesc Health, 34 (2004), pp. 56-63
[113.]
R.K. Johnson, C. Panley, M.Q. Wang.
The association between noon beverage consumption and the diet quality of school-aged children.
J Child Nutr Manag, 22 (1998), pp. 95-100
[114.]
C. Cavadini, A.M. Siega-Riz, B.M. Popkin.
US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to 1996.
Arch Dis Child, 83 (2000), pp. 18-24
[115.]
F. Bellisle, M.F. Rolland-Cachera.
How sugar-containing drinks might increase adiposity in children [comentario].
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 490-492
[116.]
R.D. Mattes.
Dietary compensation by humans for supplemental energy provided as ethanol or carbohydrate in fluids.
Physiol Behav, 59 (1996), pp. 179-187
[117.]
G.H. Anderson, S. Saravis, R. Schachter, S. Zlotkin, L.A. Leiter.
Aspartame: effect on lunch-time food intake, appetite and hedonic response in children.
Appetite, 13 (1989), pp. 93-103
[118.]
J. Louis-Sylvestre, A. Tournier, P. Verger, M. Chabert, B. Delorme, J. Hossenlop.
Learned caloric adjustment of human intake.
Appetite, 12 (1989), pp. 95-103
[119.]
G.C. Grimm, L. Harnack, M. Story.
Factors associated with soft drink consumption in school-aged children.
J Am Diet Assoc, 104 (2004), pp. 1244-1249
[120.]
D.S. Ludwig.
The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
JAMA, 287 (2002), pp. 2414-2423
[121.]
K.L. McConahy, H. Smiciklas-Wright, L.L. Birch, D.C. Mitchell, M.F. Picciano.
Food portions are positively related to energy intake and body weight in early childhood.
J Pediatr, 140 (2002), pp. 340-347
[122.]
E.C. Miller, C.G. Maropis.
Nutrition and diet-related problems.
Primary Care, 25 (1998), pp. 193-210
[123.]
T. Fung, W.R. Anyan.
Adolescence: life in the fast lane.
The Yale guide to children's nutrition, pp. 73
[124.]
J.E. Blundell, J.I. Macdiarmid.
Passive overconsumption. Fat intake and short-term energy balance.
Ann NY Acad Sci, 827 (1997), pp. 392-407
[125.]
N.M. Malouf, S. Colaguiri.
The effects of McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Pizza Hut on recommended diets.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 4 (1995), pp. 265-269
[126.]
L.R. Young, M. Nestle.
The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the US obesity epidemic.
Am J Pub Health, 92 (2002), pp. 246-249
[127.]
B.J. Rolls, D. Engell, L.L. Birch.
Serving portion size influences 5-yearold but not 3-year-old children's food intakes.
J Am Diet Assoc, 100 (2000), pp. 232-234
[128.]
B.H. Lin, J. Guthrie, E. Frazao.
Quality of children's diets at and away from home: 1994-6.
Food Rev, 22 (1999), pp. 2-10
[129.]
H. Smiciklas-Wright, D.C. Mitchell, S.J. Mickle, J.D. Goldman, A. Cook.
Foods commonly eaten in the United States, 1989–1991 and 1994-1996: are portion sizes changing?.
J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (2003), pp. 41-47
[130.]
L. Young, M. Nestle.
Expanding portion sizes in the U.S. marketplace: implications for nutrition counseling.
J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (2003), pp. 231-234
[131.]
Z. Harel.
New developments in adolescent nutrition.
Med Health RI, 82 (1999), pp. 387-390
[132.]
A.M. Siega-Riz, B.M. Popkin, T. Carson.
Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from 1965-1991.
Am J Clin Nutr, 67 (1998), pp. 748-756
[133.]
L. Jahns, A.M. Siega-Riz, B.M. Popkin.
The increasing prevalence of snacking among US children from 1977 to 1996.
J Pediatr, 138 (2001), pp. 493-498
[134.]
S. Drummond, N. Crombie, T. Kirk.
A critique of the effects of snacking on body weight status.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 50 (1996), pp. 779-783
[135.]
G.K. Grunwald, H.M. Seagle, J.C. Peters, J.O. Hill.
Quantifying and separating the effects of macronutrient composition and non-macronutrients on energy density.
Br J Nutr, 86 (2001), pp. 265-276
[136.]
B.J. Rolls, E.A. Bell, V.H. Castellanos, C.L. Pelkman, M.L. Thorwart.
Energy density of foods has a greater influence on daily energy intake than fat content.
FASEB J, 12 (1998), pp. A347
[137.]
B.J. Rolls, E.A. Bell, M.L. Thorwart.
Water incorporated into a food but not served with a food decreases energy intake in lean women.
Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (1999), pp. 448-455
[138.]
N.C. Howarth, E. Saltzman, S.B. Roberts.
Dietary fiber and weight regulation.
Nutr Rev, 59 (2001), pp. 129-139
[139.]
C. Feinle, D. O’Donovan, M. Horowitz.
Carbohydrate and satiety.
Nutr Rev, 60 (2002), pp. 155-169
[140.]
B.J. Rolls, J.A. Ello-Martin, B.C. Tohill.
What can intervention studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and weight management.
Nutr Rev, 62 (2004), pp. 1-17
[141.]
A.E. Field, M.W. Gillman, B. Rosner, H.R. Rockett, G.A. Colditz.
Association between fruit and vegetable intake and change in body mass index among a large sample of children and adolescents in the United States.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27 (2003), pp. 821-826
[142.]
U. Alexy, W. Sichert-Hellert, M. Kersting, F. Manz, G. Schoch.
Fruit juice consumption and the prevalence of obesity and short stature in german preschool children: results of the DONALD Study: Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 29 (1999), pp. 343-349
[143.]
B.H. Lin, R.M. Morrison.
Higher fruit consumption linked with lower body mass index.
Food Rev, 25 (2002), pp. 28-32
[144.]
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition.
Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity.
Pediatrics, 112 (2003), pp. 424-430
[145.]
A. Singhal, T.J. Cole, M. Fewtrell, A. Lucas.
Breastmilk feeding and lipoprotein profile in adolescents born pre-term: follow-up of a prospective randomised study.
Lancet, 363 (2004), pp. 1571-1578
[146.]
A. Singhal, I.S. Farooqi, S. O’Rahilly, T.J. Cole, M. Fewtrell, A. Lucas.
Early nutrition and leptin concentrations in later life.
Am J Clin Nutr, 75 (2002), pp. 993-999
[147.]
J. Armstrong, J.J. Reilly, Child Health Information Team.
Breastfeeding and lowering the risk of childhood obesity.
Lancet, 359 (2002), pp. 2003-2004
[148.]
M.W. Gillman, S.L. Rifas-Shiman, C.A. Camargo Jr, C.S. Berkey, A.L. Frazier, H.R. Rockett, et al.
Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 2461-2467
[149.]
K.G. Dewey.
Is breastfeeding protective against child obesity?.
J Hum Lact, 19 (2003), pp. 9-18
[150.]
K.G. Dewey, M.J. Heinig, L.A. Nommsen, J.M. Peerson, B. Lonnerdal.
Breast-fed infants are leaner than formula-fed infants at 1 year of age: the DARLING study.
Am J Clin Nutr, 57 (1993), pp. 140-145
[151.]
S. Arenz, R. Ruckerl, B. Koletzo, R. Von Kries.
Breast-feeding and childhood obesity-a systematic review.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. 1247-1256
[152.]
C.G. Owen, R.M. Martin, P.H. Whincup, G.D. Smith, D.G. Cook.
Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence.
Pediatrics, 115 (2005), pp. 1367-1377
[153.]
L.M. Grummer-Strawn, Z. Mei.
Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System.
Pediatrics, 113 (2004), pp. e81
[154.]
M.L. Hediger, M.D. Overpeck, R.J. Kuczmarski, W.J. Ruan.
Association between infant breast feeding and overweight in young children.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 2453-2460
[155.]
A.C. Wilson, J.S. Forsyth, S.A. Greene, L. Irvine, C. Hau, P.W. Howie.
Relation of infant diet to childhood health: seven year follow up of cohort of children in Dundee infant feeding study.
BMJ, 316 (1998), pp. 21-25
[156.]
N. Stettler, B.S. Zemel, S. Kumanyika, V.A. Stallings.
Infant weight gain and childhood overweight status in a multicenter, cohort study.
Pediatrics, 109 (2002), pp. 194-199
[157.]
R. Von Kries, B. Koletzko, T. Sauerwald, E. Von Mutius, D. Barnert, V. Gru nert, et al.
Breast feeding and obesity: cross sectional study.
BMJ, 319 (1999), pp. 147-150
[158.]
A.M. Toschke, J. Vignerova, L. Lhotska, K. Osancova, B. Koletzko, R. Von Kries.
Overweight and obesity in 6-to 14-year-old Czech children in 1991: protective effect of breast-feeding.
J Pediatr, 141 (2002), pp. 764-769
[159.]
T.J. Clifford.
Breast feeding and obesity.
BMJ, 327 (2003), pp. 879-880
[160.]
T.J. Parsons, C. Power, O. Manor.
Infant feeding and obesity hrough the lifecourse.
Arch Dis Child, 88 (2003), pp. 793-794
[161.]
C.G. Owen, R.M. Martin, P.H. Whincup, G. Davey-Smith, M.W. Gillman, D.G. Cook.
The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life: a quantitative review of published and unpublished observational evidence.
Am J Clin Nutr, 82 (2005), pp. 1298-1307
[162.]
M.S. Kramer, T. Guo, R.W. Platt, S. Shapiro, J.P. Collet, B. Chalmers, et al.
Breastfeeding and infant growth: biology or bias?.
Pediatrics, 110 (2002), pp. 343-347
[163.]
A. Lucas, S. Boyes, R. Bloom, A. Aynsley-Green.
Metabolic and endocrine responses to a milk feed in six-day-old term infants: differences between breast and cow's milk formula feeding.
Acta Paediatr Scand, 70 (1981), pp. 195-200
[164.]
O.E. Odeleye, M. De Courten, D.J. Pettitt, E. Ravussin.
Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian children.
Diabetes, 46 (1997), pp. 1341-1345
[165.]
M.J. Heinig, L.A. Nommsen, J.M. Peerson, B. Lonnerdal, K.G. Dewey.
Energy and protein intakes of breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life and their association with growth velocity: the DARLING Study.
Am J Clin Nutr, 58 (1993), pp. 152-161
[166.]
R.C. Klesges, T.J. Coates, G. Brown, J. Sturgeon-Tillisch, L.H. Moldenhaver-Klesges, B. Holtzel, et al.
Parental influences on children's eating behaviours and relative weight.
J Appl Beh Anal, 16 (1983), pp. 371-378
[167.]
L.V. Harper, K.M. Sanders.
The effects of adults on young children's acceptance of unfamiliar food.
J Exp Child Psicol, 20 (1975), pp. 206-214
[168.]
R.C. Klesges, R.J. Stein, L.H. Eck, T.R. Isbell, L.M. Klesges.
Parental influence on food selection in young children and its relationship to childhood obesity.
Am J Clin Nutr, 53 (1991), pp. 859-864
[169.]
The role of media in childhood obesity. Menlo Park: The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation; 2004.
[170.]
D. Roberts, U. Foehr.
Kids & media in America.
Cambridge University Press, (2003),
[171.]
W.H. Dietz Jr, S.L. Gortmaker.
Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents.
Pediatrics, 75 (1985), pp. 807-812
[172.]
S.L. Gortmaker, A. Must, A.M. Sobol, K. Peterson, G.A. Colditz, W.H. Dietz.
Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150 (1996), pp. 356-362
[173.]
E. Obarzanek, G.B. Schreiber, P.B. Crawford, S.R. Goldman, P.M. Barrier, M.M. Frederick, et al.
Energy intake and physical activity in relation to indexes of body fat: the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study.
Am J Clin Nutr, 60 (1994), pp. 15-22
[174.]
R.E. Andersen, C.J. Crespo, S.J. Bartlett, L.J. Cheskin, M. Pratt.
Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
JAMA, 279 (1998), pp. 938-942
[175.]
C.J. Crespo, E. Smit, R.P. Troiano, S.J. Bartlett, C.A. Macera, R.E. Andersen.
Television watching, energy intake and obesity in US children: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155 (2001), pp. 360-365
[176.]
M. Dowda, B.E. Ainsworth, C.L. Addy, R. Saunders, W. Riner.
Environmental inluences physical activity and weight status in 8 to 16 year olds.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155 (2001), pp. 711-717
[177.]
A.J. Hanley, S.B. Harris, J. Gittelson, T.M. Wolever, B. Saksvig, B. Zinman.
Overweight among children and adolescents in a native Canadian community: prevalence and associated factors.
Am J Clin Nutr, 71 (2000), pp. 693-700
[178.]
B. Hernandez, S.L. Gortmaker, G.A. Colditz, K.E. Peterson, N.M. Laird, S. Parr-Cabrera.
Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (1999), pp. 845-854
[179.]
R.H. DuRant, T. Baranowski, M. Johnson, W.O. Thompson.
The relationship among television watching physical activity and body composition of young children.
Pediatrics, 94 (1994), pp. 449-455
[180.]
A.M. Wolf, S.L. Gortmaker, L. Cheung, H.M. Gray, D.B. Herzog, G.A. Colditz.
Activity inactivity and obesity: racial ethnic and age differences among schoolgirls.
Am J Public Health, 83 (1993), pp. 1625-1627
[181.]
T.N. Robinson, L.D. Hammer, J.D. Killen, H.C. Kraemer, D.M. Wilson, C. Hayward, et al.
Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls.
Pediatrics, 91 (1993), pp. 273-280
[182.]
L.A. Tucker.
The relationship of television viewing to physical fitness and obesity.
Adolescence, 21 (1986), pp. 797-806
[183.]
M. Wake, K. Hesketh, E. Waters.
Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children.
J Pediatr Child Health, 39 (2003), pp. 130-134
[184.]
H. Kaur, W.S. Choi, M.S. Mayo, K.J. Harris.
Duration of television watching is associated with increased body mass index.
J Pediatr, 143 (2003), pp. 506-511
[185.]
M.H. Proctor, L.L. Moore, D. Gao, L.A. Cupples, M.L. Bradlee, M.Y. Hood, et al.
Television viewing and change in body fat from preschool to early adolescence: the Framingham Children's Study.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27 (2003), pp. 827-833
[186.]
T.N. Robinson.
Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 282 (1999), pp. 1561-1567
[187.]
S.J. Marshall, S.J.H. Biddle, T. Gorely, N. Cameron, I. Murdey.
Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. 1238-1246
[188.]
R. Lowry, H. Wechsler, D.A. Galuska, J.E. Fulton, L. Kann.
Television viewing and its associations with overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables among U.S. high school students: differences by race, ethnicity, and gender.
J Sch Health, 72 (2002), pp. 413-421
[189.]
A. Grund, H. Krause, M. Siewers, H. Rieckert, M.J. Müller.
Is TV viewing an index of physical activity and fitness in overweight and normal weight children?.
Public Health Nutr, 4 (2001), pp. 1245-1251
[190.]
T.J. Parsons, C. Power, O. Manor.
Physical activity, television viewing and body mass index: a cross-sectional analysis from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British cohort.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 29 (2005), pp. 1212-1221
[191.]
B. Sherry.
Food behaviors and other strategies to prevent and treat pediatric overweight.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 29 (2005), pp. S116-S126
[192.]
W.H. Dietz.
Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity.
Am J Clin Nutr, 59 (1994), pp. 955-959
[193.]
T.N. Robinson.
Childhood and adolescent obesity.
Pediatr Clin North Am, 48 (2001), pp. 1017-1025
[194.]
R.C. Klesges, M.L. Shelton, L.M. Klesges.
Effects of television on metabolic rate: potential implications for childhood obesity.
Pediatrics, 91 (1993), pp. 281-286
[195.]
J.R. Brown, J.K. Cramind, R.J. Wilde.
Displacement effects of television and the child's functional orientation to media.
The uses of mass communication: current perspectives on gratifications research, pp. 93-112
[196.]
T.M. Williams, A.G. Handford.
Television and other leisure activities.
Impact of television: a natural experiment in three communities, pp. 143-213
[197.]
R.S. Strauss, D. Rodzilsky, G. Burack, M. Colin.
Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in healthy children.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155 (2001), pp. 897-902
[198.]
W.H. Dietz, Sl. Gortmaker.
TV or not TV: fat is the question.
Pediatrics, 91 (1993), pp. 499-501
[199.]
M.S. Buchowski, M. Sun.
Energy expenditure, television viewing and obesity.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20 (1996), pp. 236-244
[200.]
H.L. Taras, J.F. Sallis, T.L. Patterson, P.R. Nader, J.A. Nelson.
Television's influence on children's diet and physical activity.
Dev Behav Pediatr, 10 (1989), pp. 176-180
[201.]
D.L.G. Borzekowski, T.N. Robinson.
The 30-second effect: an experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers.
J Am Diet Assoc, 101 (2001), pp. 42-46
[202.]
K. Clancy-Hepburn, A. Hickey, G. Nevill.
Children's behavior responses to TV food advertisements.
J Nutr Educ, 6 (1974), pp. 93-96
[203.]
K.A. Coon, J. Golderg, B.L. Rogers, K.L. Tucker.
Relationships between use of television during meals and children's food consumption patterns.
Pediatrics, 107 (2001), pp. e7
[204.]
D.R. Woodward, F.J. Cumming, P.J. Ball, H.M. Williams, H. Hornsby, J.A. Boon.
Does television affect teenagers’ food choices?.
J Hum Nutr Diet, 10 (1997), pp. 229-235
[205.]
R.M. Ortega, P. Andrés, A.M. Requejo, A.M. López-Sobaler, M.R. Redondo, M. González-Fernández.
Influence of the time spent watching television on the dietary habits, energy intake and nutrient intake in a group of Spanish adolescents.
Nutr Res, 16 (1996), pp. 1467-1470
[206.]
W. Burniat, C. Van Aelst, A. Van Aelst.
Therapeutic approach to childhood obesity.
Nutr Res, 13 (2003), pp. S117-S132
[207.]
R. Boynton-Jarrett, T.N. Thomas, K.E. Peterson, J. Weicha, A.M. Sobol, S.L. Gortmaker.
Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents.
Pediatrics, 112 (2003), pp. 1321-1326
[208.]
W.H. Dietz, S.L. Gortmaker.
Preventing obesity in children and adolescents.
Annu Rev Public Health, 22 (2001), pp. 237-253
[209.]
S. Dibb, C. Powell.
TV dinners: What's being served up by the advertisers?.
The alliance for better food and farming, (2001),
[210.]
N. Wilson, R. Quigley, O. Mansoor.
Food ads on TV: a health hazard for children.
Aust N Z J Pub Health, 23 (1999), pp. 647-650
[211.]
J.L. Wiecha, A.M. Sobol, K.E. Peterson, S.L. Gortmaker.
Household television access: associations with screen time, reading, and homework among youth.
Ambul Pediatr, 1 (2001), pp. 244-251
[212.]
J. Aranceta Bartrina, Ll. Serra Majem, L. Ribas Barba, C. Pérez Rodrigo.
Factores determinantes de la obesidad en la poblacion infantil y juvenil española.
Obesidad infantil y juvenil. Estudio enKid (1998-2000), pp. 109-127
[213.]
S.Y. Soares-Wynter, S.P. Walker.
Resting metabolic rate and body composition in stunted and non-stunted children.
Am J Clin Nutr, 64 (1996), pp. 137-141
[214.]
L.G. Bandini, D.A. Schoeller, W.H. Dietz.
Energy expenditure in obese and nonobese adolescents.
Pediatr Res, 27 (1990), pp. 198-203
[215.]
M.I. Goran, W.H. Carpenter, A. McGloin, R. Johnson, M. Hardin, R.L. Weinsier.
Energy expenditure in children of lean and obese parents.
Am J Physiol, 268 (1995), pp. E917-E924
[216.]
J.P. Delany, G.A. Bray, D.W. Harsha, J. Volaufova.
Energy expenditure in preadolescent African American and white boys and girls: the Baton Rouge Children's Study.
Am J Clin Nutr, 75 (2002), pp. 705-713
[217.]
D.J. Stensel, F.P. Lin, A.M. Nevill.
Resting metabolic rate in obese and non-obese Chinese Singaporean boys aged 13–15 years.
Am J Clin Nutr, 74 (2001), pp. 369-373
[218.]
A.M. Prentice, A. Lucas, L. Vasquez-Velasquez, P.S.W. Davies, R.G. Whitehead.
Are current dietary guidelines for young children a prescription for overfeeding?.
Lancet, 8619 (1988), pp. 1066-1069
[219.]
M. Aarnio, U.M. Kujala, J. Kaprio.
Associations of health-related behaviors, school type and health status to physical activity patterns in 16 year old boys and girls.
Scand J Soc Med, 25 (1997), pp. 156-167
[220.]
M. Aarnio, T. Winter, U.M. Kujala, J. Kaprio.
Familial aggregation of leisure-time physical activity —a three generation study.
Int J Sports Med, 18 (1997), pp. 549-556
[221.]
L.L. Moore, D.A. Lombardi, M.J. White, J.L. Campbell, S.A. Oliviera, R.C. Ellison.
Influence of parents’ physical activity levels on activity levels of young children.
J Pediatr, 118 (1991), pp. 215-219
[222.]
J.F. Sallis, T.L. Patterson, McKenzie, P.R. Nader.
Family variables and physical activity in preschool children.
J Dev Behav Pediatr, 9 (1988), pp. 57-61
[223.]
P. Gordon-Larsen, R.G. McMurray, B.M. Popkin.
Determinants of adolescent physical activity and inactivity patterns.
Pediatrics, 105 (2000), pp. e83
[224.]
S.G. Trost, R.R. Pate, R. Saunders, D.S. Ward, M. Dowda, G. Felton.
A prospective study of the determinants of physical activity in rural fifth-grade children.
Prev Med, 26 (1997), pp. 257-263
[225.]
J.F. Sallis, J.M. Zakarian, M.F. Hovell, C.R. Hofsetter.
Ethnic, socioeconomic and sex differences in physical activity among adolescents.
J Clin Epidemiol, 49 (1996), pp. 124-134
[226.]
L.H. Epstein, R.A. Paluch, K.J. Coleman, D. Vito, K. Anderson.
Determinants of physical activity in obese children assessed by accelerometer and self report.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 28 (1996), pp. 1157-1164
[227.]
L.H. Epstein.
Family based behavioural intervention for obese children.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 29 (1996), pp. S14-21
[228.]
N.H. Gottlieb, M.S. Chen.
Sociocultural correlates of childhood sporting activities: their implications for heart health.
Soc Sci Med, 21 (1985), pp. 533-539
[229.]
M.L. Arbeit, C.C. Johnson, D.S. Mott, D.W. Harsha, T.A. Nicklas, L.S. Webber, et al.
The Heart Smart cardio-vascular school health promotion: behaviour correlates of risk factor change.
Prev Med, 21 (1992), pp. 18-32
[230.]
O.T. Raitakari, S. Taimela, K.V. Porkka, R. Telama, I. Valimaki, H.K. Akerblom, et al.
Associations between physical activity and risk factors for coronary heart disease: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29 (1997), pp. 1055-1061
[231.]
G.J. Schmidt, D.J. Stensel, J.J. Walkuski.
Blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, body fat and physical activity in Singapore children.
J Paed Child Hlth, 33 (1997), pp. 484-490
[232.]
J.P. Despres, C. Bouchard, R.M. Malina.
Physical activity and coronary heart disease risk factors during childhood and adolescence.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 18 (1990), pp. 243-261
[233.]
B.G. Simons-Morton, G.S. Parcel, N.M. O’Hara, S.N. Blair, R.R. Pate.
Health related physical fitness in childhood: status and recommendations.
Ann Rev Publ Health, 9 (1988), pp. 403-425
[234.]
H.J. Montoye.
Physical activity, physical fitness and heart disease risk factors in children.
The effect of physical activity in children, pp. 127-152
[235.]
B. Marti, E. Vartianen.
Relations between leisure time exercise and cardiovascular risk factors among 15 years olds in eastern Finland.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 43 (1998), pp. 228-233
[236.]
J. Sunnegardh, L.E. Bratteby, U. Hagman, G. Samuelson, S. Sjolin.
Physical activity in relation to energy intake and body fat in 8 and 13-year old children in Sweden.
Acta Paediatr Scand, 75 (1986), pp. 955-963
[237.]
C. Maffeis, M. Zaffanello, Y. Schutz.
Relationship between physical inactivity and adiposity in pre-pubertal boys.
J Pediatr, 131 (1997), pp. 288-292
[238.]
NSW Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey. Sydney: NSW Department of Education and Training; 1997.
[239.]
M.I. Goran, B.A. Gower, T.R. Nagy, R. Johnson.
Developmental changes in energy expenditure and physical activity in children: evidence for a decline in physical activity in girls prior to puberty.
Pediatrics, 101 (1998), pp. 887-891
[240.]
C. Riddoch, J.M. Savage, N. Murphy, G.W. Cran, C. Boreham.
Long term health implications of fitness and physical activity patterns.
Arch Dis Child, 66 (1991), pp. 1426-1433
[241.]
O.T. Raitakari, S. Taimela, K.V. Porkka, M. Leino, R. Telama, M. Dahl, et al.
Patterns of intense physical activity among 15-to 30-year old Finns. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
Scand J Med Sci Sport, 6 (1996), pp. 36-39
[242.]
N. Owen, A. Bauman.
The descriptive epidemiology of a sedentary lifestyle in adult Australians.
Int J Epidemiol, 21 (1992), pp. 1193-1195
[243.]
A.M. Rissanen, M. Hekiovaara, P. Knekt, A. Reunanen, A. Ammaa.
Determinants of weight gain and overweight in adult Finns.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 45 (1991), pp. 419-439
[244.]
D.L. Riddiford-Harland, J.R. Steele, L.H. Storlien.
Does obesity influence foot structure in prepubescent children?.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (2000), pp. 541-544
[245.]
B.E. Saelens.
Physical activity promotion as a public health strategy for obesity prevention.
Obesity: Etiology, assessment, treatment, and prevention, pp. 1-301
[246.]
L.H. Epstein, R.A. Paluch, A. Consalvi, K. Riordan, T. Scholl.
Effects of manipulating sedentary behavior on physical activity and food intake.
J Pediatr, 140 (2002), pp. 334-339
[247.]
W.B. Strong, R.M. Mauna, C.J.R. Bumkie, S.R. Daniels, R.K. Dishman, B. Gutin, et al.
Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth.
J Pediatr, 146 (2005), pp. 732-737
[248.]
J.F. Sallis, J.J. Prochaska, W.C. Taylor.
A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32 (2000), pp. 963-975
[249.]
B. Gutin, P. Barbeau, S. Owens, C.R. Lemmon, M. Bauman, J. Allison, et al.
Effects of exercise intensity on cardiovascular fitness, total body composition, and visceral adiposity of obese adolescents.
Am J Clin Nutr, 75 (2002), pp. 818-826
[250.]
L.M. LeMura, M.T. Maziekas.
Factors that alter body fat, body mass, and fat-free mass in pediatric obesity.
Med Sci Sports Exer, 34 (2002), pp. 487-496
[251.]
S. Owens, B. Gutin, J. Allison, S. Riggs, M. Ferguson, M. Litaker, et al.
Effect of physical training on total and visceral fat in obese children.
Med Sci Sports Exer, 31 (1999), pp. 143-148
[252.]
P. Barbeau, M.S. Litaker.
Effect of a physical activity intervention on bone mineral density in black girls: relative contribution of changes in fat mass and fat free soft tissue.
Med Sci Sports Exer, 35 (2003), pp. S82
[253.]
A. Eliakim, G.S. Makowski, J.A. Brasel, D.M. Cooper.
Adiposity, lipid levels, and brief endurance training in nonobese adolescent males.
Int J Sports Med, 21 (2000), pp. 332-337
[254.]
R. Tojo, R. Leis.
La obesidad en niños y adolescents Dieta atlántica, obesidad y la nutrición en el Camino de Santiago.
Fundación Española de la Nutrición, (2005),
[255.]
R.C. Whitaker, M.S. Pepe, J.A. Wright, K.D. Seidel, W.H. Dietz.
Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity.
Pediatrics, 101 (1998), pp. e5
[256.]
R.C. Whitaker, W.H. Dietz.
Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity.
J Pediatr, 132 (1998), pp. 768-776
[258.]
K. Okens, E.M. Taveras, K.P. Kleinman, J.W. Rich-Edwards, M.W. Gillman.
Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and child adiposity at age 3 years.
Pediatr Res, 58 (2005), pp. 1127
[259.]
A.J. Sharma, M.E. Cogswell, L.M. Grummer-Strawn.
The association between pregnancy weight gain and childhood overweight is modified by mother's pre-pregnancy BMI.
Pediatr Res, 58 (2005), pp. 1038
[260.]
J. Pedersen.
Weight and length at birth of infants of diabetic mothers.
Acta Endocrinol, 16 (1954), pp. 330-342
[261.]
T.O. Scholl, M. Sowers, X. Chen, C. Lenders.
Maternal glucose concentration influences fetal growth, gestation, and pregnancy complications.
Am J Epidemiol, 154 (2001), pp. 514-520
[263.]
S.R. Daniels, D.K. Arnett, R. Eckel, S.S. Gidding, L.L. Hayman, S. Kumanyika, et al.
Overweight in children and adolescents. Pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment.
Circulation, 111 (2005), pp. 1999-2012
[264.]
D.S. Seidman, A. Laor, R. Gale, D.K. Stevenson, Y.L. Danon.
A longitudinal study of birth weight and being overweight in late adolescence.
Am J Dis Child, 145 (1991), pp. 782-785
[265.]
H.T. Sorensen, S. Sabroe, K.J. Rothman, M. Gillman, P. Fischer, T.I.A. Sorensen.
Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood.
BMJ, 315 (1997), pp. 1137
[266.]
N.J. Binkin, R. Yip, L. Fleshwood, F.L. Trowbridge.
Birthweight and child growth.
Pediatrics, 82 (1988), pp. 828-834
[267.]
M.L. Hediger, M.D. Overpeck, A. McGlynn, R.J. Kuczmarski, K.R. Maurer, W.W. Davis.
Growth and fatness at three to six years of age of children born small or large for gestational age.
Pediatrics, 104 (1999), pp. e33
[268.]
C. Maffeis, R. Micciolo, A. Must, M. Zaffanello, L. Pinelli.
Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18 (1994), pp. 301-305
[269.]
E. Locard, N. Mamelle, A. Billette, M. Miginiac, F. Munoz, S. Rey.
Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16 (1992), pp. 721-729
[270.]
K.H. Pietilainen, J. Kaprio, M. Rasanen, T. Winter, A. Rissanen, R. Rose.
Tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence: contributions of birth length, birth weight, duration of gestation, parents’ body size and twinship.
Am J Epidemiol, 154 (2001), pp. 21-29
[271.]
C.M. Boney, A. Verma, R. Tucker, B.R. Vohr.
Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Pediatrics, 115 (2005), pp. e290-e296
[272.]
K.K.L. Ong, M.L. Ahmed, P.M. Emmett, M.A. Preece, D.B. Dunger.
Association between post-natal catch up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study.
BMJ, 320 (2000), pp. 967-971
[273.]
M. Barker, S. Robinson, C. Osmond, D.J. Barker.
Birth weight and body fat distribution in adolescent girls.
Arch Dis Child, 77 (1997), pp. 381-383
[274.]
A. Bavdekar, C.S. Yajnik, C.H.D. Fall, S. Bapat, A.N. Pandit, V. Deshpande, et al.
Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children.
Diabetes, 48 (1999), pp. 2422-2429
[275.]
W.H. Dietz.
Overweight in childhood and adolescence.
N Engl J Med, 350 (2004), pp. 855-857
[276.]
R. Von Kries, A.M. Toschke, B. Koletzko, W Slikker Jr.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity.
Am J Epidemiol, 156 (2002), pp. 954-961
[277.]
P.J. Salsberry, P.B. Reagan.
Dynamics of early childhood overweight.
Pediatrics, 116 (2005), pp. 1329-1338
[278.]
N. Stettler, P. Bovet, H. Shamlaye, B.S. Zemel, V.A. Stallings, F. Paccaud.
Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in children from Seychelles, a country in rapid transition: the importante of early growth.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26 (2002), pp. 214-219
[279.]
P.O.A. Monteiro, C.G. Victora, F.C. Barros, L.M.A. Monteiro.
Birth size, early childhood growth, and adolescent obesity in a Brazilian birth cohort.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27 (2003), pp. 1274-1282
[280.]
P.O.A. Monteiro, C.G. Victora.
Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life - a systematic review.
Obes Rev, 6 (2005), pp. 143-154
[281.]
D.S. Freedman, L.K. Hahn, W.H. Dietz, S.R. Scrinivasan, G.S. Berenson.
Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study.
Pediatrics, 108 (2001), pp. 712-718
[282.]
A.E. Dugdale, R.R. Payne.
Pattern of fat and lean deposition in children.
Nature, 256 (1975), pp. 725-727
[283.]
A. Hager, L. Sjostrom, B. Arvidsson, P. Bjorntorp, U. Smith.
Adipose tissue cellularity in obese girls before and after treatment.
Am J Clin Nutr, 31 (1978), pp. 68-75
[284.]
M.F. Rolland-Cachera, M. Deheeger, F. Bellisle, M. Sempe, M. Guilloud- Bataille, E. Patois.
Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity.
Am J Clin Nutr, 39 (1984), pp. 129-135
[285.]
M.F. Rolland-Cachera, M. Deheeger, M. Guilloud-Bataille, P. Avons, E. Patois, M. Sempe.
Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood.
Ann Hum Biol, 14 (1987), pp. 219-229
[286.]
S.S. Guo, C. Huang, L.M. Maynard, E. Demerath, B. Towne, W.C. Chumlea, et al.
Body mass index during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: the Fels Longitudinal Study.
Int J Obesity Relat Metab Disord, 24 (2000), pp. 1628-1635
[287.]
S. Williams, G. Davie, F. Lam.
Predicting BMI in young adults from childhood data using two approaches to modelling adiposity rebound.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (1999), pp. 348-354
[288.]
M. Prokopec, F. Bellisle.
Adiposity in Czech children followed from one month of age to adulthood: analysis of individual BMI patterns.
Ann Hum Biol, 20 (1993), pp. 517-525
[289.]
J.J. Reilly, J. Armstrong, A.R. Dorosty, P.M. Emmett, A. Ness, I. Rogers, For the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team, et al.
Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study.
BMJ, 330 (2005), pp. 1357-1443
[290.]
M. Deheeger, M.F. Rolland-Cachera, A.M. Fontveille.
Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: linkages with nutritional intake?.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21 (1997), pp. 372-379
[291.]
S.K. Bhargava, A.S. Sachdeu, L.H. Fall, C. Osmond, R. Laksshuy, D.J. Barker.
Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass, index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood.
N Engl J Med, 350 (2004), pp. 865-875
[292.]
D.S. Freedman, K.L. Kettel, M.K. Serdula, S.R. Srinivasan, G.S. Berenson.
BMI rebound, childhood height and obesity among adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25 (2001), pp. 543-549
[293.]
M.B. Pierce, D.A. Leon.
Age at menarche and adult BMI in the Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study.
Am J Clin Nutr, 82 (2005), pp. 733-739
[294.]
H.C. McGill Jr, C.A. McMahan, E.E. Herderick, G.T. Malcom, R.E. Tracy, J.P. Strong.
Origin of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence.
Am J Clin Nutr, 72 (2000), pp. S1307-S1315
[295.]
I. Ferreira, J.W. Twisk, M.W. Van, H.C. Kemper, C.D. Stehouwer.
Development of fatness, fitness, and lifestyle from adolescence to the age of 36 years: determinants of the metabolic syndrome in young adults: the amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study.
Arch Intern Med, 165 (2005), pp. 42-48
[296.]
J. Cairney, J.A. Hay, B.E. Faught, R. Hawes.
Developmental coordination disorder and overweight and obesity in children aged 9-14 y.
Int J Obes (Lond), 29 (2005), pp. 369-372
[297.]
R.A. Covar, D.Y. Leung, D. McCormick, J. Steelman, P. Zeitler, J.D. Spahn.
Risk factors associate with glucocorticoid-induced adverse effects in children with severe asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 106 (2000), pp. 651-659
[298.]
G.A. Hollman, D.B. Allen.
Overt glucocorticoid excess due to inhaled corticosteroid therapy.
Pediatrics, 81 (1988), pp. 452-455
[299.]
A. Martin, J. Landau, P. Leebens, K. Ulizio, D. Cicchetti, L. Scahill, et al.
Risperidone-associated weight gain in children and adolescents: a retrospective chart review.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 10 (2000), pp. 259-268
[300.]
J.T. McCracken, J. McGough, B. Shah, P. Cronin, D. Hong, M.G. Aman, et al.
Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems.
N Engl J Med, 347 (2002), pp. 314-321
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
