Información del artículo
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[2.]
S. Daniels.
Pharmacological treatment of obesity in pediatric patients.
Paediatr Drugs, 3 (2001), pp. 405-410
[3.]
C.M. Morgan, M. Tanofsky-Kraff, D.E. Wilfley, J.A. Yanovski.
Childhood obesity.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 11 (2002), pp. 257-278
[4.]
K.D. Brownell, J.H. Kelman, A.J. Stunkard.
Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: changes in weight and blood pressure.
Pediatrics, 71 (1983), pp. 515-523
[5.]
A.P. Rocchini, V. Katch, J. Anderson, J. Hinderliter, D. Becque, M. Martin, et al.
Blood pressure in obese adolescents: effect of weight loss.
Pediatrics, 82 (1988), pp. 16-23
[6.]
A.P. Rocchini, V. Katch, A. Schork, R.P. Kelch.
Insulin and blood pressure during weight loss in obese adolescents.
Hypertension, 10 (1987), pp. 267-273
[7.]
M. Knip, O. Nuutinen.
Long-term effects of weight reduction on serum lipids and plasma insulin in obese children.
Am J Clin Nutr, 57 (1993), pp. 490-493
[8.]
T.A. Wadden, A.J. Stunkard, L. Rich, C.J. Rubin, G. Sweidel, S. McKinney.
Obesity in black adolescent girls: a controlled clinical trial of treatment by diet, behavior modification, and parental support.
Pediatrics, 85 (1990), pp. 345-352
[9.]
L.H. Epstein, L.H. Kuller, R.R. Wing, A. Valoski, J. McCurley.
The effect of weight control on lipid changes in obese children.
Am J Dis Child, 143 (1989), pp. 454-457
[10.]
A. Must, P.F. Jacques, G.E. Dallal, C.J. Bajema, W.H. Dietz.
Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935.
N Engl J Med, 327 (1992), pp. 1350-1353
[11.]
D.M. Styne.
Childhood and adolescent obesity.
Pediatr Clin North Am, 48 (2001), pp. 823-854
[12.]
L.H. Epstein, G.S. Goldfield.
Physical activity in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity: current evidence and research issues.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31 (1999), pp. S553-S559
[13.]
O. Bar-Or, J. Foreyt, C. Bouchard, K.D. Brownell, W.H. Dietz, E. Ravussin, et al.
Physical activity, genetic, and nutritional considerations in childhood weight management.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30 (1998), pp. 2-10
[14.]
L.H. Epstein, M.D. Myers, H.A. Raynor, B.E. Saelens.
Treatment of pediatric obesity.
Pediatrics, 101 (1998), pp. 554-570
[15.]
J. Parizkova, C. Maffeis, M.E. Poskitt.
Management through activity.
Child and adolescent obesity, pp. 306-307
[16.]
W.H. Dietz, T.N. Robinson.
Clinical practice. Overweight children and adolescents.
N Engl J Med, 352 (2005), pp. 2100-2109
[17.]
M.A. Eissa, K.B. Gunner.
Evaluation and management of obesity in children and adolescents.
J Pediatr Health Care, 18 (2004), pp. 35-38
[18.]
A. Fowler-Brown, L.C. Kahwati.
Prevention and treatment of over-weight in children and adolescents.
Am Fam Physician, 69 (2004), pp. 2591-2598
[19.]
P. Gibson, L. Edmunds, D.W. Haslam, E. Poskitt.
An approach to weight management in children and adolescents (2-18 years) in primary care.
J Fam Health Care, 12 (2002), pp. 108-109
[20.]
S.T. St Jeor, B.V. Howard, T.E. Prewitt, V. Bovee, T. Bazzarre, R.H. Eckel.
Dietary protein and weight reduction: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism of the American Heart Association.
Circulation, 104 (2001), pp. 1869-1874
[21.]
R. Figueroa-Colon, T.K. von Almen, F.A. Franklin, C. Schuftan, R.M. Suskind.
Comparison of two hypocaloric diets in obese children.
Am J Dis Child, 147 (1993), pp. 160-166
[22.]
M.F. Rolland-Cachera, H. Thibault, J.C. Souberbielle, D. Soulie, P. Carbonel, M. Deheeger, et al.
Massive obesity in adolescents: dietary interventions and behaviours associated with weight regain at 2 y follow-up.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. 514-519
[23.]
L.E. Spieth, J.D. Harnish, C.M. Lenders, L.B. Raezer, M.A. Pereira, S.J. Hangen, et al.
A low-glycemic index diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154 (2000), pp. 947-951
[24.]
S.D. Ball, K.R. Keller, L.J. Moyer-Mileur, Y.W. Ding, D. Donaldson, W.D. Jackson.
Prolongation of satiety after low versus moderately high glycemic index meals in obese adolescents.
Pediatrics, 111 (2003), pp. 488-494
[25.]
C.B. Ebbeling, M.M. Leidig, K.B. Sinclair, J.P. Hangen, D.S. Ludwig.
A reduced glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157 (2003), pp. 773-779
[26.]
S.B. Sondike, N. Copperman, M.S. Jacobson.
Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescents.
J Pediatr, 142 (2003), pp. 253-258
[27.]
S.M. Willi, M.J. Oexmann, N.M. Wright, N.A. Collop, L.L. Key.
The effects of a high-protein, low-fat, ketogenic diet on adolescents with morbid obesity: body composition, blood chemistries, and sleep abnormalities.
Pediatrics, 101 (1998), pp. 61-67
[28.]
M. Amador, L.T. Ramos, M. Morono, M.P. Hermelo.
Growth rate reduction during energy restriction in obese adolescents.
Exp Clin Endocrinol, 96 (1990), pp. 73-82
[29.]
D.M. Garner, S.C. Wooley.
Confronting the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity.
Clin Psychol Rev, 11 (1991), pp. 729-780
[30.]
J.R. Hirschmann, C.H. Munter.
Overcoming overeating: Living free in the world of food.
Addison-Wesley, (1988),
[31.]
J. Polivy, C.P. Herman.
Dieting and binging. A causal analysis.
Am Psychol, 40 (1985), pp. 193-201
[32.]
G.C. Patton, R. Selzer, C. Coffey, J.B. Carlin, R. Wolfe.
Onset of adolescent eating disorders: population based cohort study over 3 years.
BMJ, 318 (1999), pp. 765-768
[33.]
M.L. Butryn, T.A. Wadden.
Treatment of overweight in children and ado lescents: Does dieting increase the risk of eating disorders?.
Int J Eat Disord, 37 (2005), pp. 285-293
[34.]
R. Berkowitz, A.J. Stunkard, V.A. Stallings.
Binge-eating disorder in obese adolescent girls.
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 699 (1993), pp. 200-206
[35.]
S.Z. Yanovski.
Bing eating in obese persons.
Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook, pp. 403-407
[36.]
A.J. Stunkard, J. Rush.
Dieting and depression reexamined. A critical review of reports of untoward responses during weight reduction for obesity.
Ann Intern Med, 81 (1974), pp. 526-533
[37.]
A. Stunkard.
Eating disorders: the last 25 years.
Appetite, 29 (1997), pp. 181-190
[38.]
M.D. Myers, H.A. Raynor, L.H. Epstein.
Predictors of child psychological changes during family-based treatment for obesity.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 152 (1998), pp. 855-861
[39.]
D. Neumark-Sztainer, P.J. Hannan.
Weight-related behaviors among adolescent girls and boys: results from a national survey.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154 (2000), pp. 569-577
[40.]
A.E. Field, C.A. Camargo, C.B. Taylor, C.S. Berkey, A.L. Frazier, M.W. Gillman, et al.
Overweight, weight concerns, and bulimic behaviors among girls and boys.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38 (1999), pp. 754-760
[41.]
E. Stice, K. Presnell, D. Spangler.
Risk factors for binge eating onset in adolescent girls: a 2-year prospective investigation.
Health Psychol, 21 (2002), pp. 131-138
[42.]
M.D. Marcus, M.A. Kalarchian.
Binge eating in children and adolescents.
Int J Eat Disord, 34 (2003), pp. S47-S57
[43.]
S.Z. Yanovski.
Binge eating disorder and obesity in 2003: could treating an eating disorder have a positive effect on the obesity epidemic?.
Int J Eat Disord, 34 (2003), pp. S117-S120
[44.]
C.M. Shisslak, M. Crago.
Risk and protective factors in the development of eating disorders.
Body Image, Eating Disorders, and Obesity in Youth: Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment, pp. 103-125
[45.]
S.B. Austin, A.E. Field, J. Wiecha, K.E. Peterson, S.L. Gortmaker.
The impact of a school-based obesity prevention trial on disordered weightcontrol behaviors in early adolescent girls.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 159 (2005), pp. 225-230
[46.]
O. Bar-Or.
Pediatric Sports Medicine.
Springer Verlag, (1983),
[47.]
M.S. Sothern.
Exercise as a modality in the treatment of childhood obesity.
Pediatr Clin N Am, 48 (2001), pp. 995-1015
[48.]
N. Cavill, S. Biddle, J.F. Sallis.
Health enhancing physical activity for young people.
Pediatr Exerc Sci, 13 (2001), pp. 12-25
[49.]
M.J. Castillo, F.B. Ortega, J.R. Ruiz.
La mejora de la forma física como terapia antienvejecimiento.
Med Clin (Barc), 124 (2005), pp. 146-155
[50.]
S. Kurl, J.A. Laukkanen, R. Rauramaa, T.A. Lakka, J. Sivenius, J.T. Salonen.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk for stroke in men.
Arch Intern Med, 163 (2003), pp. 1682-1688
[51.]
M.R. Carnethon, S.S. Gidding, R. Nehgme, S. Sidney, D.R. Jacobs Jr, K. Liu.
Cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood and the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
JAMA, 290 (2003), pp. 3092-3100
[52.]
E.J. Metter, L.A. Talbot, M. Schrager, R. Conwit.
Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 57 (2002), pp. 359-365
[53.]
M. Gulati, D.K. Pandey, M.F. Arnsdorf, D.S. Lauderdale, R.A. Thisted, R.H. Wicklund, et al.
Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St James Women Take Heart Project.
Circulation, 108 (2003), pp. 1554-1559
[54.]
S. Mora, R.F. Redberg, Y. Cui, M.K. Whiteman, J.A. Flaws, A.R. Sharrett, et al.
Ability of exercise testing to predict cardiovascular and all-cause death in asymptomatic women: a 20-year follow-up of the lipid research clinics prevalence study.
JAMA, 290 (2003), pp. 1600-1607
[55.]
J. Myers, M. Prakash, V. Froelicher, D. Do, S. Partington, J.E. Atwood.
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing.
N Engl J Med, 346 (2002), pp. 793-801
[56.]
N. Wedderkopp, K. Froberg, H.S. Hansen, C. Riddoch, L.B. Andersen.
Cardiovascular risk factors cluster in children and adolescents with low physical fitness: The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS).
Pediatr Exerc Sci, 15 (2003), pp. 419-427
[57.]
U. Ekelund, E. Poortvliet, A. Nilsson, A. Yngve, A. Holmberg, M. Sjostrom.
Physical activity in relation to aerobic fitness and body fat in 14-to15-year-old boys and girls.
Eur J Appl Physiol, 85 (2001), pp. 195-201
[58.]
G.A. Nielsen, L.B. Andersen.
The association between high blood pressure, physical fitness, and body mass index in adolescents.
Prev Med, 36 (2003), pp. 229-234
[59.]
K.F. Janz, J.D. Dawson, L.T. Mahoney.
Increases in physical fitness during childhood improve cardiovascular health during adolescence: the Muscatine Study.
Int J Sports Med, 23 (2002), pp. S15-S21
[60.]
C. Boreham, J. Twisk, L. Murray, M. Savage, J.J. Strain, G. Cran.
Fitness, fatness, and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33 (2001), pp. 270-274
[61.]
C. Boreham, J. Twisk, C. Neville, M. Savage, L. Murray, A. Gallagher.
Associations between physical fitness and activity patterns during adolescence and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project.
Int J Sports Med, 23 (2002), pp. 22-26
[62.]
H. Hasselstrøm, S.E. Hansen, K. Froberg, L.B. Andersen.
Physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Danish youth and sports study. An eight-year follow-up study.
Int J Sports Med, 23 (2002), pp. 27-31
[63.]
J.W. Twisk, H.C. Kemper, W. Van Mechelen.
Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk factors later in life by physical activity and physical fitness in youth: general comments and conclusions.
Int J Sports Med, 23 (2002), pp. S44-S49
[64.]
F.B. Ortega, J.R. Ruiz, M.J. Castillo, L.A. Moreno, M. González-Gross, J. Wärnberg, Grupo AVENA, et al.
Low level of physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. Relevance for future cardiovascular health (AVENA study).
Rev Esp Cardiol, 58 (2005), pp. 898-909
[65.]
J.W. Twisk, H.C. Kemper, W. Van Mechelen.
The relationship between physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and cardiovascular disease risk factors at adult age. The Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study.
Int J Sports Med, 23 (2002), pp. S8-S14
[66.]
J. Lefevre, R. Philippaerts, K. Delvaux, M. Thomis, A.L. Claessens, R. Lysens, et al.
Relation between cardiovascular risk factors at adult age, and physical activity during youth and adulthood: the Leuven Longitudinal Study on Lifestyle, Fitness and Health.
Int J Sports Med, 23 (2002), pp. S32-S38
[67.]
G.R. Tomkinson, T.S. Olds, J. Gulbin.
Secular trends in physical performance of Australian children. Evidence from the Talent Search program.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 43 (2003), pp. 90-98
[68.]
Y. Koutedakis, C. Bouziotas.
National physical education curriculum: motor and cardiovascular health related fitness in Greek adolescents.
Br J Sports Med, 37 (2003), pp. 311-314
[69.]
S. Guerra, J.C. Ribeiro, R. Costa, J. Duarte, J. Mota.
Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and blood pressure in school children.
J Sport Med Phy Fitness, 42 (2002), pp. 207-213
[70.]
H.M. Al-Hazzaa.
Development of maximal cardiorespiratory function in Saudi boys. A cross-sectional analysis.
Saudi Med J, 22 (2001), pp. 875-881
[71.]
A. Matsuzaka, Y. Takahasi, M. Yamazoe, N. Kumakura, A. Ikeda, B. Wilk, et al.
Validity of the multistage 20-m shuttle-run test for Japanese children, adolescents, and adults.
Pediatr Exerc Sci, 16 (2004), pp. 113-125
[72.]
A. Barnett, J. Bacon-Shone, K.H. Tam, M. Leung, N. Armstrong.
Peak oxygen uptake of 12-18-year-old boys living in a densely populated urban environment.
Ann Hum Biol, 22 (1995), pp. 525-532
[73.]
J.C. Eisenmann, R.M. Malina.
Secular trend in peak oxygen consumption among United States youth in the 20th century.
Am J Hum Biol, 14 (2002), pp. 699-706
[74.]
M. Beets, K. Pitetti.
A comparison of shuttle-run performance between Midwestern youth and their national and international counterparts.
Pediatr Exerc Sci, 16 (2004), pp. 94-112
[75.]
M. Westerstahl, M. Barnekow-Bergkvist, G. Hedberg, E. Jansson.
Secular trends in body dimensions and physical fitness among adolescents in Sweden from 1974 to 1995.
Scand J Med Sci Sports, 13 (2003), pp. 128-137
[76.]
G.R. Tomkinson, L.A. Léger, T.S. Olds, G. Cazorla.
Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980-2000). An analysis of 55 studies of the 20m shuttle run test in 11 countries.
Sports Med, 33 (2003), pp. 285-300
[77.]
B. Gutin, S. Owens, T. Okuyama, S. Riggs, M. Ferguson, M. Litaker.
Effect of physical training and its cessation on percent fat and bone density of children with obesity.
Obes Res, 7 (1999), pp. 208-214
[78.]
J.F. Sallis, J.J. Prochaska, W.C. Taylor.
A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32 (2000), pp. 963-975
[79.]
G.S. Goldfield, L.E. Kalakanis, M.M. Ernst, L.H. Epstein.
Open-loop feedback to increase physical activity in obese children.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (2000), pp. 888-892
[80.]
L.M. LeMura, M.T. Maziekas.
Factors that alter body fat, body mass, and fat-free mass in pediatric obesity.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34 (2002), pp. 487-496
[81.]
M.T. Maziekas, L.M. LeMura, N.M. Stoddard, S. Kaercher, T. Martucci.
Follow-up exercise studies in paediatric obesity: implications for longterm effectiveness.
Br J Sports Med, 37 (2003), pp. 425-429
[82.]
K. Patrick, G.J. Norman, K.J. Calfas, J.F. Sallis, M.F. Zabinski, J. Rupp, et al.
Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight in adolescence.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 158 (2004), pp. 385-390
[83.]
H.H. Dao, M.L. Frelut, G. Peres, P. Bourgeois, J. Navarro.
Effects of a multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on anaerobic and aerobic aptitudes in severely obese adolescents.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. 870-878
[84.]
L.H. Epstein, R.A. Paluch, C.C. Gordy, J. Dorn.
Decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154 (2000), pp. 220-226
[85.]
I. Janssen, W.M. Craig, W.F. Boyce, W. Pickett.
Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children.
Pediatrics, 113 (2004), pp. 1187-1194
[86.]
T.N. Robinson.
Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 282 (1999), pp. 1561-1567
[87.]
M.S. Faith, N. Berman, M. Heo, A. Pietrobelli, D. Gallagher, L.H. Epstein, et al.
Effects of contingent television on physical activity and television viewing in obese children.
Pediatrics, 107 (2001), pp. 1043-1048
[88.]
L.H. Epstein, A. Valoski, R.R. Wing, J. McCurley.
Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children.
JAMA, 264 (1990), pp. 2519-2523
[89.]
L.H. Epstein, A. Valoski, R.R. Wing, J. McCurley.
Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity.
Health Psicol, 13 (1994), pp. 373-383
[90.]
L.H. Epstein, A.M. Valoski, L.S. Vara, J. McCurley, L. Wisniewski, M.A. Kalarchian, et al.
Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children.
Health Psychol, 14 (1995), pp. 109-115
[91.]
M. Golan, M. Fainaru, A. Weizman.
Role of behaviour modification in the treatment of childhood obesity with the parents as the exclusive agents of change.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22 (1998), pp. 1217-1224
[92.]
M. Golan, S. Crow.
Targeting parents exclusively in the treatment of childhood obesity: long-term results.
Obes Res, 12 (2004), pp. 357-361
[93.]
A.C. Israel, C.A. Guile, J.E. Baker, W.K. Silverman.
An evaluation of enhanced self regulation training in the treatment of childhood obesity.
J Pediatr Psicol, 19 (1994), pp. 737-749
[94.]
C. Braet, M. Van Winckel, K. Van Leeuwen.
Follow-up results of different treatment programs for obese children.
Acta Paediatr, 86 (1997), pp. 397-402
[95.]
M.S. Sothern, T.K. von Almen, H.D. Schumacher, R.M. Suskind, U. Blecker.
A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of childhood obesity.
Del Med J, 71 (1999), pp. 255-261
[96.]
W.G. Johnson, L.K. Hinkle, R.E. Carr, D.A. Anderson, C.R. Lemmon, L.B. Engler, et al.
Dietary and exercise interventions for juvenile obesity: long-term effect of behavioral and public health models.
Obes Res, 5 (1997), pp. 257-261
[97.]
A.M. Glenny, S. O’Meara, A. Mellville, T.A. Sheldon, C. Wilson.
The treatment and prevention of obesity: a systematic review of the literature.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21 (1997), pp. 715-737
[98.]
Summerbell CD, Ashton V, Campbell KJ, Edmunds L, Kelly S, Waters E. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD001872.
[99.]
J.P. Chanoine, S. Hampl, C. Jensen, M. Boldrin, J. Hauptman.
Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in children and obese adolescents. A randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 293 (2005), pp. 2873-2883
[100.]
K. Steinbeck.
Treatment options.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 19 (2005), pp. 455-469
[101.]
J.R. McDuffie, K.A. Calis, G.I. Uwaifo, N.G. Sebring, E.M. Fallon, V.S. Hubbard, et al.
Three-month tolerability of orlistat in adolescents with obesity-related comorbid conditions.
Obes Res, 10 (2002), pp. 642-650
[102.]
J.R. McDuffie, K.A. Calis, G.I. Uwaifo, N.G. Sebring, E.M. Fallon, T.E. Frazer, et al.
Efficacy of orlistat as an adjunct to behavioral treatment in overweight African American and Caucasian adolescents with obesity-related co-morbid conditions.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 17 (2004), pp. 307-319
[103.]
S. Norgren, P. Danielsson, R. Jurold, M. Lotborn, C. Marcus.
Orlistat treatment in obese prepubertal children: a pilot study.
Acta Paediatr, 92 (2003), pp. 666-670
[104.]
B. Ozkan, A. Bereket, S. Turan, S. Keskin.
Addition of orlistat to conventional treatment in adolescents with severe obesity.
Eur J Pediatr, 163 (2004), pp. 738-741
[105.]
J. Zhi, R. Moore, L. Kanitra.
The effect of short-term (21-day) orlistat treatment on the physiologic balance of six selected macrominerals and microminerals in obese adolescents.
J Am Coll Nutr, 22 (2003), pp. 357-362
[106.]
R.I. Berkowitz, T.A. Wadden, A.M. Tershakovec, J.L. Cronquist.
Behavior therapy and sibutramine for the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 289 (2003), pp. 1805-1812
[107.]
A. Godoy-Matos, L. Carraro, A. Vieira, J. Oliveira, E.P. Guedes, L. Mattos, et al.
Treatment of Obese Adolescents with Sibutramine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study.
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 90 (2005), pp. 1460-1465
[108.]
K.L. Jones, S. Arslanian, V.A. Peterokova, J.S. Park, M.J. Tomlinson.
Effect of metformin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 89-94
[109.]
J. Hamilton, E. Cummings, V. Zdravkovic, D. Finegood, D. Daneman.
Metformin as an adjunct therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial.
Diabetes Care, 26 (2003), pp. 138-143
[110.]
R. Gomez, M.H. Mokhashi, J. Rao, A. Vargas, T. Compton, R. McCarter, et al.
Metformin adjunctive therapy with insulin mproves glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 15 (2002), pp. 1147-1151
[111.]
S. Sarnblad, M. Kroon, J. Aman.
Metformin as additional therapy in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: randomised placebo – controlled trial with aspects on insulin sensitivity.
Eur J Endocrinol, 149 (2003), pp. 323-329
[112.]
L. Ibáñez, F. de Zegher.
Flutamide-metformin therapy to reduce fat mass in hyperinsulinemic ovarian hyperandrogenism: effects in adolescents and in women on third-generation oral contraception.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88 (2003), pp. 4720-4724
[113.]
L. Ibáñez, K. Ong, A. Ferrer, R. Amin, D. Dunger, F. de Zegher.
Lowdose flutamide-metformin therapy reverses insulin resistance and reduces fat mass in nonobese adolescents with ovarian hyperandrogenism.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88 (2003), pp. 2600-2606
[114.]
L. Ibáñez, C. Valls, M.V. Marcos, K. Ong, D.B. Dunger, F. de Zegher.
Insulin sensitization for girls with precocious pubarche and with risk for polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of prepubertal initiation and postpubertal discontinuation of metformin treatment.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89 (2004), pp. 4331-4337
[115.]
S.A. Arslanian, V. Lewy, K. Danadian, R. Saad.
Metformin therapy in obese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and mpaired glucose tolerance: amelioration of exaggerated adrenal response to adrenocorticotropin with reduction of insulinemia/insulin resistance.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87 (2002), pp. 1555-1559
[116.]
J.B. Schwimmer, M.S. Middleton, R. Deutsch, J.E. Lavine.
A phase 2 clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for non-diabetic paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 21 (2005), pp. 871-879
[117.]
Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health Care Guideline: Prevention and Management of Obesity (Mature Adolescents and Adults). 2.a ed. Noviembre; 2005.
[118.]
S. Baker, S. Barlow, W. Cochran, G. Fuchs, W. Klish, N. Krebs, et al.
Overweight children and adolescents: a clinical report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 40 (2005), pp. 533-543
[119.]
A. Lutjens, J.L. Smit.
Effect of biguanide treatment in obese children.
Helv Paediatr Acta, 31 (1977), pp. 473-480
[120.]
M. Freemark, D. Bursey.
The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Pediatrics, 107 (2001), pp. E55
[121.]
J.P. Kay, R. Alemzaheh, G. Langley, L. D’Angelo, P. Smith, S. Holshouser.
Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents.
Metabolism, 50 (2001), pp. 1457-1461
[122.]
J.A. Morrison, E.M. Cottingham, B.A. Barton.
Metformin for weight loss in pediatric patients taking psychotropic drugs.
Am J Psychiatry, 159 (2002), pp. 655-657
[123.]
D. Molnar, K. Torok, E. Erhardt, S. Jeges.
Safety and efficacy of treatment with an ephedrine/caffeine mixture. The first double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study in adolescents.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (2000), pp. 1573-1578
[124.]
R.H. Lustig.
Pediatric endocrine disorders of energy balance.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 6 (2005), pp. 245-260
[125.]
S.E. Myers, A.L. Carrel, B.Y. Whitman, D.B. Allen.
Sustained benefit after 2 years of growth hormone on body composition, fat utilization, physical strength and agility, and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome.
J Pediatr, 137 (2000), pp. 42-49
[126.]
I.S. Farooqi, S.A. Jebb, G. Langmack, E. Lawrence, C.H. Cheetham, A.M. Prentice, et al.
Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency.
N Engl J Med, 341 (1999), pp. 879-884
[127.]
I.S. Farooqi, G. Matarese, G.M. Lord, J.M. Keogh, E. Lawrence, C. Agwu, et al.
Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency.
J Clin Invest, 110 (2002), pp. 1093-1103
[128.]
E.C. Mun, G.L. Blackburn, J.B. Matthews.
Current status of medical and surgical therapy for obesity.
Gastroenterology, 120 (2001), pp. 669-681
[129.]
R.E. Brolin.
Bariatric surgery and long-term control of morbid obesity.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 2793-2796
[130.]
N.V. Christou, J.S. Sampalis, M. Liberman, D. Look, S. Auger, A.P. McLean, et al.
Surgery decreases long-term mortality, morbidity, and health care use in morbidly obese patients.
Ann Surg, 240 (2004), pp. 416-423
[131.]
H.J. Sugerman, E.L. Sugerman, E.J. DeMaria, J.M. Kellum, C. Kennedy, Y. Mowery, et al.
Bariatric surgery for severely obese adolescents.
J Gastrointest Surg, 7 (2003), pp. 102-107
[132.]
C.M. Apovian, C. Baker, D.S. Ludwig, A.G. Hoppin, G. Hsu, C. Lenders, et al.
Best practice guidelines in pediatric/adolescent weight loss surgery.
Obes Res, 13 (2005), pp. 274-282
[133.]
T.H. Inge, M. Zeller, V.F. Garcia, S.R. Daniels.
Surgical approach to adolescent obesity.
Adolesc Med Clin, 15 (2004), pp. 429-453
[134.]
K. Dolan, L. Creighton, G. Hopkins, G. Fielding.
Laparoscopic gastric banding in morbidly obese adolescents.
Obes Surg, 13 (2003), pp. 101-104
[135.]
A. Stanford, J.M. Glascock, G.M. Eid, T. Kane, H.R. Ford, S. Ikramuddin, et al.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese adolescents.
J Pediatr Surg, 38 (2003), pp. 430-433
[136.]
J.F. Capella, R.F. Capella.
Bariatric surgery in adolescence. is this the best age to operate?.
Obes Surg, 13 (2003), pp. 826-832
[137.]
T.H. Inge, N.F. Krebs, V.F. Garcia, J.A. Skelton, K.S. Guice, R.S. Strauss, et al.
Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations.
Pediatrics, 114 (2004), pp. 217-223
[138.]
V.F. Garcia, L. Langford, T.H. Inge.
Application of laparoscopy for bariatric surgery in adolescents.
Curr Opin Pediatr, 15 (2003), pp. 248-255
[139.]
International Pediatric Endosurgery Group Guidelines for Surgical Treatment of Clinically.
Severely Obese Adolescents, 7 (2003), pp. 461-463
[140.]
T. Silber, J. Randolph, S. Robbins.
Long-term morbidity and mortality in morbidly obese adolescents after jejunoileal bypass.
J Pediatr, 108 (1986), pp. 318-322
[141.]
C.S. Rand, A.M. Macgregor.
Adolescents having obesity surgery: a 6-year follow-up.
South Med J, 87 (1994), pp. 1208-1213
[142.]
R.S. Strauss, L.J. Bradley, R.E. Brolin.
Gastric bypass surgery in adolescents with morbid obesity.
J Pediatr, 138 (2001), pp. 499-504
[143.]
R.T. Soper, E.E. Mason, K.J. Printen, H. Zellweger.
Gastric bypass for morbid obesity in children and adolescents.
J Pediatr Surg, 10 (1975), pp. 51-58
[144.]
K. Dolan, G. Fielding.
A comparison of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in adolescents and adults.
Surg Endosc, 18 (2004), pp. 45-47
[145.]
P.R. Schauer, S. Ikramuddin.
Laparoscopic surgery for morbid obesity.
Surg Clin North Am, 81 (2001), pp. 1145-1179
[146.]
A.C. Wittgrove, G.W. Clark.
Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y-500 patients: technique and results, with 3-60 month follow-up.
Obes Surg, 10 (2000), pp. 233-239
[147.]
Y.D. Podnos, J.C. Jimenez, S.E. Wilson, C.M. Stevens, N.T. Nguyen.
Complications after laparoscopic gastric bypass: a review of 3464 cases.
Arch Surg, 138 (2003), pp. 957-961
[148.]
E.J. DeMaria, H.J. Sugerman, J.M. Kellum, J.G. Meador, L.G. Wolfe.
Results of 281 consecutive total laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses to treat morbid obesity.
Ann Surg, 235 (2002), pp. 640-645
[149.]
R.L. Brolin, L.B. Robertson, H.A. Kenler, R.P. Cody.
Weight loss and dietary intake after vertical banded gastroplasty and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Ann Surg, 220 (1994), pp. 782-790
[150.]
N. Scopinaro, E. Gianetta, G.F. Adami, D. Friedman, E. Traverso, G.M. Marinari, et al.
Biliopancreatic diversion for obesity at eighteen years.
Surgery, 119 (1996), pp. 261-268
[151.]
A. Baltasar, R. Bou, J. Miro, M. Bengochea, C. Serra, N. Perez.
Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: technique and initial experience.
Obes Surg, 12 (2002), pp. 245-248
[152.]
C.J. Ren, E. Patterson, M. Gagner.
Early results of laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: a case series of 40 consecutive patients.
Obes Surg, 10 (2000), pp. 514-523
[153.]
D.S. Hess, D.W. Hess.
Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch.
Obes Surg, 8 (1998), pp. 267-282
[154.]
P. Marceau, F.S. Hould, S. Simard, S. Lebel, R.A. Bourque, M. Potvin, et al.
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
World J Surg, 22 (1998), pp. 947-954
[155.]
R.A. Rabkin.
Distal gastric bypass/duodenal switch procedure. Rouxen-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion in a community practice.
Obes Surg, 8 (1998), pp. 53-59
[156.]
M. Belachew, M. Legrand, V. Vincent, M. Lismonde, N. Le Docte, V. Deschamps.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.
World J Surg, 22 (1998), pp. 955-963
[157.]
J. Dargent.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: lessons from the first 500 patients in a single institution.
Obes Surg, 9 (1999), pp. 446-452
[158.]
P.E. O’Brien, W.A. Brown, A. Smith, P.J. McMurrick, M. Stephens.
Prospective study of a laparoscopically placed, adjustable gastric band in the treatment of morbid obesity.
Br J Surg, 86 (1999), pp. 113-118
[159.]
C.J. Ren, S. Horgan, J. Ponce.
US experience with the LAP-BAND system.
Am J Surg, 184 (2002), pp. S46-50
[160.]
H.J. Sugerman, J.V. Starkey, R. Birkenhauer.
A randomized prospective trial of gastric bypass versus vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity and their effects on sweets versus non-sweets eaters.
Ann Surg, 205 (1987), pp. 613-624
[161.]
M. Belachew, P.H. Belva, C. Desaive.
Long-term results of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the treatment of morbid obesity.
Obes Surg, 12 (2002), pp. 564-568
[162.]
R. Winslow, R.L. Rundle.
For obese teens, a radical solution: stomach surgery.
Wall St J, (2003), pp. 1
[163.]
T. Inge, L. Lawson, V. Garcia, S. Kirk, S. Daniels.
Body composition changes after gastric bypass in morbidly obese adolescents.
Obes Res, 12 (2004), pp. A53
[164.]
T.H. Inge, V. Garcia, S. Daniels, L. Langford, S. Kirk, H. Roehrig, et al.
A multidisciplinary approach to the adolescent bariatric surgical patient.
J Pediatr Surg, 39 (2004), pp. 442-447
[165.]
S. Horgan, M.J. Holterman, G.R. Jacobsen, A.F. Browne, R.A. Berger, F. Moser, et al.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the treatment of adolescent morbid obesity in the United States: a safe alternative to gastric bypass.
J Pediatr Surg, 40 (2005), pp. 86-90
[166.]
J.F. Amaral, W.R. Thompson, M.D. Caldwell, H.F. Martin, H.T. Randall.
Prospective hematologic evaluation of gastric exclusion surgery for morbid obesity.
Ann Surg, 201 (1985), pp. 186-193
[167.]
J.D. Halverson.
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies following obesity surgery.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 16 (1987), pp. 307-315
[168.]
J.D. Halverson.
Micronutrient deficiencies after gastric bypass for morbid obesity.
Am Surg, 52 (1986), pp. 594-598
[169.]
L.D. MacLean, B.M. Rhode, H.M. Shizgal.
Nutrition following gastric operations for morbid obesity.
Ann Surg, 198 (1983), pp. 347-355
[170.]
E.E. Mason.
Starvation injury after gastric reduction for obesity.
World J Surg, 22 (1998), pp. 1002-1007
[171.]
R.F. Schilling, P.N. Gohdes, G.H. Hardie.
Vitamin B12 deficiency after gastric bypass surgery for obesity.
Ann Intern Med, 101 (1984), pp. 501-502
[172.]
A. Towbin, T.H. Inge, V.F. Garcia, H.R. Roehrig, R.H. Clements, C.M. Harmon, et al.
Beriberi after gastric bypass surgery in adolescence.
J Pediatr, 145 (2004), pp. 263-267
[173.]
S. Abu-Abeid, N. Gavert, J.M. Klausner, A. Szold.
Bariatric surgery in adolescence.
J Pediatr Surg, 38 (2003), pp. 1379-1382
[174.]
P.E. O’Brien, J.B. Dixon, W. Brown, L.M. Schachter, L. Chapman, A.J. Burn, et al.
The laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (Lap-Band): a prospective study of medium-term effects on weight, health and quality of life.
Obes Surg, 12 (2002), pp. 652-660
[175.]
A.E. Chapman, G. Kiroff, P. Game, B. Foster, P. O’Brien, J. Ham, et al.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the treatment of obesity: a systematic literature review.
Surgery, 135 (2004), pp. 326-351
[176.]
P.E. O’Brien, J.B. Dixon.
Lap-band: outcomes and results.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 13 (2003), pp. 265-270
[177.]
P.E. O’Brien, J.B. Dixon.
Weight loss and early and late complications-the international experience.
Am J Surg, 184 (2002), pp. S42-S45
[178.]
US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. LAP-BAND Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) System-P000008. Disponible en: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf/p000008.html
[179.]
S.R. Fox, K.M. Fox, M.S. Srikanth, R. Rumbaut.
The Lap-Band system in a North American population.
Obes Surg, 13 (2003), pp. 275-280
[180.]
C.J. Ren, M. Weiner, J.W. Allen.
Favorable early results of gastric banding for morbid obesity: the American experience.
Surg Endosc, 18 (2004), pp. 543-546
[181.]
H. Spivak, F. Anwar, S. Burton, C. Guerrero, A. Onn.
The lap-band system in the United States: one surgeon's experience with 271 patients.
Surg Endosc, 18 (2004), pp. 198-202
[182.]
J.A. Yanovski.
Intensive therapies for pediatric obesity.
Pediatr Clin North Am, 48 (2001), pp. 1041-1053
[183.]
T.H. Inge, M.H. Zeller, M.L. Lawson, S.R. Daniels.
A critical appraisal of evidence supporting a bariatric surgical approach to weight management for adolescents.
J Pediatr, 147 (2005), pp. 10-19
[184.]
H.G. Weiss, W. Kirchmayr, A. Klaus, H. Bonatti, G. Muhlmann, H. Nehoda, et al.
Surgical revision after failure of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.
Br J Surg, 91s (2004), pp. 235-241
[185.]
A.R. Ashy, A.A. Merdad.
A prospective study comparing vertical banded gastroplasty versus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the treatment of morbid and super-obesity.
Int Surg, 83 (1998), pp. 108-110
[186.]
L. Sjostrom.
Surgical intervention as a strategy for treatment of obesity.
Endocrine, 13 (2000), pp. 213-230
[187.]
A. Baltasar, R. Bou, M. Bengochea, F. Arlandis, C. Escriva, J. Miro, et al.
Duodenal switch: an effective therapy for morbid obesity–intermediate results.
Obes Surg, 11 (2001), pp. 54-58
[188.]
American Society for Bariatric Surgery. The Story of Surgery for Obesity [citado 26 Sep 2004]. Disponible en: http://www.asbs.org/html/story/chapter1.html
[189.]
E.E. Mason, D.H. Scott, C. Doherty, J.J. Cullen, E.M. Rodriguez, J.W. Maher, et al.
Vertical banded gastroplasty in the severely obese under age twenty one.
Obes Surg, 5 (1995), pp. 23-33
[190.]
R.J. Greenstein, J.G. Rabner.
Is adolescent gastric-restrictive antiobesity surgery warranted?.
Obes Surg, 5 (1995), pp. 138-144
[191.]
L.D. MacLean, B.M. Rhode, J. Sampalis, R.A. Forse.
Results of the surgical treatment of obesity.
Am J Surg, 165 (1993), pp. 155-160
[192.]
L. Howard, M. Malone, A. Michalek, J. Carter, S. Alger, J. Van Woert.
Gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty: a prospective randomized comparison and 5-year follow-up.
Obes Surg, 5 (1995), pp. 55-60
[193.]
S.A. Shikora.
Implantable gastric stimulation for weight loss.
J Gastrointest Surg, 8 (2004), pp. 408-412
[194.]
H. Buchwald, Y. Avidor, E. Braunwald, M.D. Jensen, W. Pories, K. Fahrbach, et al.
Bariatric surgery: a systematic review of the literature and metaanalysis.
JAMA, 292 (2004), pp. 1724-1737
[195.]
C.W. Breaux.
Obesity surgery in children.
Obes Surg, 5 (1995), pp. 279-284
[196.]
J.E. Endres, A.C. Wittgrove.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Obes Surg, 13 (2003), pp. A206
[197.]
K. Widhalm, S. Dietrich, G. Prager.
Adjustable gastric banding surgery in morbidly obese adolescents: experiences with eight patients.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. S42-S45
[198.]
L. Angrisani, F. Favretti, F. Furbetta, M. Paganelli, N. Basso, S.B. Doldi, et al.
Obese teenagers treated by Lap-Band System: the Italian experience.
Surgery, 138 (2005), pp. 877-881
[199.]
A.E. Anderson, R.T. Soper, D.H. Scott.
Gastric bypass for morbid obesity in children and adolescents.
J Pediatr Surg, 15 (1980), pp. 876-881
[200.]
A.S. Abu, A. Szold, N. Gavert, I. Goldiner, E. Grynberg, H. Peretz, et al.
Apolipoprotein-E genotype and the risk of developing cholelithiasis following bariatric surgery: a clue to prevention of routine prophylactic cholecystectomy.
Obes Surg, 12 (2002), pp. 354-357
[201.]
E. Hell, K.A. Miller, M.K. Moorehead, S. Norman.
Evaluation of health status and quality of life after bariatric surgery: comparison of standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, vertical banded gastroplasty and laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding.
Obes Surg, 10 (2000), pp. 214-219
[202.]
A. Szold, S. Abu-Abeid.
Laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding for morbid obesity: results and complications in 715 patients.
Surg Endosc, 16 (2002), pp. 230-233
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
