Información del artículo
El gastrinoma es un tumor secretor de gastrina y es el segundo pancreático más frecuente, pudiendo presentarse como esporádico o como parte de la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1 (MEN1). Las manifestaciones clínicas se deben a la elevación de gastrina y a la hipersecreción ácida, excepto por los síntomas derivados de las metástasis. La confirmación de la hipergastrinemia y de los marcadores tumorales ofrece gran sensibilidad para el diagnóstico. Las nuevas técnicas de imagen, como la ecografía endoscópica, la resonancia magnética y, particularmente, la gammagrafía con análogos de somatostatina, permiten un mejor acercamiento a la localización. El tratamiento exitoso de la enfermedad diseminada requiere un equipo multidisciplinario; la eliminación quirúrgica radical del tumor puede ser curativa, aunque raramente es posible. La bioterapia con análogos de somatostatina (ya conocidos o nuevos) o el interferón se aconseja en tumores bien diferenciados, ya que la quimioterapia se reserva para los pobremente diferenciados y progresivos. La terapia con radionúclidos debe utilizarse en tumores con captación de radiotrazador, tanto tras la cirugía para erradicar la enfermedad residual como si ocurre fallo de la terapia convencional o la bioterapia. El mantenimiento de la calidad de vida deber ser la prioridad, particularmente porque los pacientes con enfermedad diseminada pueden tener una supervivencia prolongada.
Palabras clave:
Gastrinoma
Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison
Análogos de somatostatina
Octreótida
Gastrinoma is a gastrin-secreting tumor and is the second most frequent neoplasm of the pancreas. This tumor can occur either sporadically or in association with MEN-1. Except for the symptoms due to the effects of widespread metastases, clinical manifestations are due to elevated gastrin levels and hypersecretion of gastric acid. Confirmation of hypergastrinemia and tumoral markers provide high sensitivity in diagnosis. New imaging techniques include endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and especially, somatostatin analog scintigraphy, which allow a better approach to the location of the tumor.
Successful treatment of disseminated disease requires a multidisciplinary team; radical surgery may be curative but is rarely feasible. Biotherapy with classical or new somatostatin analogs, or interferon, is recommended for well-differentiated tumors, since chemotherapy is reserved for poorly differentiated and progressive tumors.
Radionucleotide therapy should be used for tumors exhibiting radiotracer uptake, either after surgery to eradicate microscopic residual disease or subsequently if conventional treatment or biotherapy fail. The priority should be to maintain quality of life, particularly because patients with disseminated disease may have prolonged survival.
Key words:
Gastrinoma
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Somatostatin analogs
Octreotide
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