covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Guía clínica del diagnóstico y tratamiento del craneofaringioma y otras lesio...
Información de la revista
Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 13-22 (enero 2007)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 13-22 (enero 2007)
Documentos de los Grupos de Trabajo
Acceso a texto completo
Guía clínica del diagnóstico y tratamiento del craneofaringioma y otras lesiones paraselares
Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of craniopharyngioma and other parasellar lesions
Visitas
85148
Concepción Páramo Fernández, Antonio Picó Alfonso, Carlos del Pozo Picó, César Varela da Costa, Tomás Lucas Morante, Miguel Català Bauset, Alberto Gilsanz Peral, Irene Halperin Ravinovich, Basilio Moreno Esteban, Gabriel Obiols Alfonso, Elena Torres Vela, Frederic Tortosa Henzi, Susan Webb Youdale, Ana Zugasti Murillo, Carles Villabona Artero
Autor para correspondencia
13861cva@comb.es

Correspondencia: Dr. C. Villabona Artero. Servei d’Endocrinologia i Nutrició. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Grupo de Trabajo de Neuroendocrinología de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas

El craneofaringioma es un tumor, con frecuencia quístico, habitualmente supraselar, que deriva de restos de células embrionarias de la bolsa de Rathke. Si bien es un tumor benigno, tiene un comportamiento agresivo con frecuentes secuelas neurológicas y endocrinas. Presenta dos picos de aparición: en la edad infantil y en adultos añosos. La clínica depende de la localización, el tamaño, el potencial de crecimiento y la edad de presentación. Clínicamente suele aparecer como una combinación de signos y síntomas de hipertensión intracraneal, alteraciones visuales, deficiencias hormonales y disfunción hipotalámica. Si la lesión es intraselar la clínica puede remedar a la de un adenoma hipofisario.

Las técnicas de neuroimagen, especialmente la resonancia magnética, permiten caracterizar la lesión. La apariencia varía dependiendo de la proporción del componente sólido y quístico, de las posibles calcificaciones y de la composición de un eventual quiste. Antes del abordaje terapéutico debe efectuarse una completa evaluación endocrinológica y oftalmológica.

Las opciones terapéuticas incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y una combinación de ambas. La extensión óptima de la cirugía es motivo de controversia. Actualmente se prefiere una aproximación más conservadora que combina una cirugía menos agresiva con radioterapia.

La radioterapia sin cirugía únicamente es aplicable a los pacientes con tumores muy pequeños. Otras aproximaciones incluyen: aspiración intermitente mediante punción esterotáxica, colocación de un reservorio, esclerosis de las paredes del quiste mediante fármacos, o irradiación interna con radioisótopos.

Las lesiones paraselares son lesiones de muy baja prevalencia y pueden ser, entre otros tumores, aneurismas, quistes o granulomas. Las técnicas de neuroimagen, tanto la tomografía computarizada como la resonancia magnética, son útiles para precisar las características de la lesión.

Palabras clave:
Craneofaringioma
Lesión paraselar
Tumores hipotálamo-hipofisarios

Craniopharyngiomas are often cystic tumors, usually suprasellar, resulting from embryonic cell remnants of Rathke's pouch. Although benign, these tumors can be aggressive and frequently have neurological and endocrinological sequelae. Craniopharyngiomas usually develop in children or in the elderly. Symptoms depend on localization, size, potential for growth, and age of onset. Clinically, craniopharyngiomas usually manifest with a combination of symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension, visual alterations, hormone deficiencies, and hypothalamic dysfunction. Intracellular lesions can mimic pituitary adenoma. Neuroimaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, allow these lesions to be characterized. Their appearance varies depending on the proportion of solid and cystic components, on the possible calcifications, and on the composition of an eventual cyst. Complete endocrinological and ophthalmological evaluation should be performed before establishing the therapeutic approach. The therapeutic options include surgery, radiotherapy, and a combination of both. The optimal extension of surgery is controversial. Currently, a conservative approach combining less aggressive surgery with radiotherapy is preferred. Radiotherapy without surgery is only applicable in patients with very small tumors. Other approaches include intermittent aspiration by stereotactic puncture, placement of a reservoir, cystic wall sclerosis through drugs, or internal radiation with radioisotopes.

Parasellar lesions have a very low prevalence and can consist of cystic aneurysms or granulomas, among other tumors. Neuroimaging techniques, both computed tomography and MRI, are useful for characterizing the lesion.

Key words:
Craniopharyngioma
Parasellar lesion
Hypothalamic-pituitary tumors
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C.K. Petito, U. Degirolami, K.M. Earle.
Craniopharyngiomas. A clinical and pathological review.
Cancer, 37 (1976), pp. 1944
[2.]
G.R. Bunin, T.S. Surawicz, P.A. Witman, S. Preston-Martin, F. Davis, J.M. Bruner.
The descriptive epidemiology of craniopharyngioma.
J Neurosurg, 89 (1998), pp. 547-551
[3.]
M. Banna, R.D. Hoare, P. Stanley, K. Till.
Craniopharyngioma in children.
J Pediatr, 83 (1973), pp. 781-785
[4.]
T.E. Adamson, O.D. Wiestler, P. Kleihues, M.G. Yasargil.
Correlation of clinical and pathological features in surgically treated craniopharyngiomas.
J Neurosurg, 73 (1990), pp. 12-17
[5.]
S. Sartoretti-Schefer, W. Wichmann, A. Aguzzi, A. Valavanis.
MR differentiation of adamantinous and squamous-papillary craniopharyngiomas.
Am J Neuroradiol, 18 (1997), pp. 77-87
[6.]
O.P. Eldevik, M. Blaivas, T.O. Gabrielsen, J.K. Hald, W.F. Chandler.
Craniopharyngioma: radiologic and histologic findings and recurrence.
Am J Neuroradiol, 17 (1996), pp. 1427-1439
[7.]
S.M. Tavangar, B. Larijani, A. Mahta, S.M. Hosseini, M. Mehrazine, F. Bandarian.
Craniopharyngioma: a clinicopathological study of 141 cases.
Endocr Pathol, 15 (2004), pp. 339-344
[8.]
N. Karavitaki, C. Brufani, J.T. Warner, C.B.T. Adams, P. Richards, O. Ausorge, et al.
Craniopharyngiomas in children and adults: systematic analysis of 121 cases with long-term follow-up.
Clinical Endocrinol (Oxf), 62 (2005), pp. 397-409
[9.]
R. Fahlbusch, J. Honegger, M. Buchfelder.
Clinical features and management craniopharyngiomain adults.
[10.]
P.U. Freda, S.L. Wardlaw, K.D. Post.
Unusual causes of sellar/parasellar masses in a large transsphenoidal surgical series.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81 (1996), pp. 3455-3459
[11.]
P. Kendall-Taylor, P.J. Jonsson, R. Abs, E.M. Erfurth, M. Koltowska- Haggstrom, D.A. Price, et al.
The clinical, metabolic and endocrine features and the quality of life in adults with childhood- onset craniopharyngioma compared with adult-onsetcraniopharyngioma.
Eur J Endocrinol, 152 (2005), pp. 557-567
[12.]
M. Paja, T. Lucas, J. García-Uria, F. Salame, B. Barcelo, J. Estrada.
Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in patients with craniopharyngioma.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 42 (1995), pp. 467-473
[13.]
R. Van Effenterre, A.L. Boch.
Craniopharyngioma in adults and children: a study of 122 surgical cases.
J Neurosurg, 97 (2002), pp. 3-11
[14.]
G. Gonzales-Portillo, T. Tomita.
The syndrome of inappropiate secretion of antidiuretic hormone: An unusual presentation for childhood craniopharyngioma: Report of three cases.
Neurosurgery, 42 (1998), pp. 917
[15.]
L. Ellenberg, G.J. McComb, S.E. Siegel, S. Stowe.
Factors affecting intellectual outcome in pediatric brain tumour patients.
Neurosurgery, 21 (1987), pp. 638-644
[16.]
C.A. Anderson, G.N. Wilkening, C.M. Filley, M.S. Reardon, B.K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters.
Neurobehavioral outcome in pediatric craniopharyngioma.
Pediatr Neursurg, 26 (1997), pp. 255-260
[17.]
R.L. Hintz.
Management of craniopharyngioma.
Acta Paediatr Suppl, 417 (1996), pp. 81-82
[18.]
J.K. Hald, O.P. Eldevik, I.O. Skalpe.
Craniopharyngioma identification by CT and MR imaging at 1.5 T.
Acta Radiol, 36 (1995), pp. 142-147
[19.]
M. Nagahata, Y. Abe, S. Ono, T. Hosoya, S. Uno.
Surface appearance of the vertebrobasilar artery revealed on basiparallelanatomic scanning (BPAS)-MR imaging: its role for brain MR examination.
Am J Neuroradiol, 26 (2005), pp. 2508-2513
[20.]
J.L. Shin, S.L. Asa, L.J. Woodhouse, H.S. Smyth, S. Ezzat.
Cystic lesions of the pituitary: clinicopathological features distinguishingcraniopharyngioma, Rathke's cleft cyst, and arachnoid cyst.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84 (1999), pp. 3972-3982
[21.]
B. Bulow, R. Attewell, L. Hagmar, P. Malmstrom, C.H. Nordstrom, E.M. Erfurth.
Postoperative prognosis in craniopharyngioma with respect to cardiovascular mortality, survival, and tumor recurrence.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83 (1998), pp. 3897-3904
[22.]
G. Maira, C. Anile, G.F. Rossi, C. Colosimo.
Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: an evaluation of the transsphenoidal and pterional approaches.
Neurosurgery, 36 (1995), pp. 715-724
[23.]
R. Alfayate, M. Mauri, M. De Torre, C. Pardo, A. Pico.
Hypoglycemia insulin test in the assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function.
Med Clin (Barc), 118 (2002), pp. 441-445
[24.]
J.M. Gómez, R.M. Espadero, F. Escobar-Jimenez, F. Hawkins, A. Pico, J.L. Herrera-Pombo, et al.
Growth hormone release after glucagon as a reliable test of growth hormone assessment in adults.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 56 (2002), pp. 329-334
[25.]
D.C. Stripp, A. Maity, A.J. Janss, J.B. Belasco, Z.A. Tochner, J.W. Goldwein, et al.
Surgery with or without radiation therapy in the management of craniopharyngiomas in children and young adults.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 58 (2004), pp. 714-720
[26.]
R.J. Mark, W.R. Lutge, K.T. Shimizu, L.M. Tran, M.T. Selch, R.G. Parker.
Craniopharyngioma: treatment in the CT and MR imaging era.
Radiology, 197 (1995), pp. 195-198
[27.]
E.G. Fischer, K. Welch, J Shillito Jr, K.R. Winston, N.J. Tarbell.
Craniopharyngiomas in children. Long-term effects of conservative surgical procedures combined with radiation therapy.
J Neurosurg, 73 (1990), pp. 534-540
[28.]
B.E. Amendola, S.S. Gebarski, A.G. Bermudez.
Analysis of treatment results in craniopharyngioma.
J Clin Oncol, 3 (1985), pp. 252-258
[29.]
B. Rajan, S. Ashley, D.G. Thomas, H. Marsh, J. Britton, M. Brada.
Craniopharyngioma: improving outcome by early recognition and treatment of acute complications.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 37 (1997), pp. 517-521
[30.]
P.H. Gutin, W.M. Klemme, R.L. Lagger, A.R. MacKay, L.H. Pitts, Y. Hosobuchi.
Management of the unresectable cystic craniopharyngioma by aspiration through an Ommaya reservoir drainage system.
J Neurosurg, 52 (1980), pp. 36-40
[31.]
J. Voges, V. Sturm, R. Lehrke, H. Treuer, C. Gauss, F. Berthold.
Cystic craniopharyngioma: long-term results after intracavitary irradiation with stereotactically applied colloidal beta-emitting radioactive sources.
Neurosurgery, 40 (1997), pp. 263-269
[32.]
B.E. Pollock, L.D. Lunsford, D. Kondziolka, G. Levine, J.C. Flickinger.
Phosphorus-32 intracavitary irradiation of cystic craniopharyngiomas: current technique and long-term results.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 33 (1995), pp. 437-446
[33.]
E.O. Backlund, B. Axelsson, C.G. Bergstrand, A.L. Eriksson, G. Noren, E. Ribbesjo, et al.
Treatment of craniopharyngiomas–the stereotactic approach in a ten to twenty-three years’ perspective. I. Surgical, radiological and ophthalmological aspects.
Acta Neurochir (Wien), 99 (1989), pp. 11-19
[34.]
J.H. Van den Berge, G. Blaauw, W.A. Breeman, A. Rahmy, R. Wijngaarde.
Intracavitary brachytherapy of cystic craniopharyngionmas.
J Neurosurg, 77 (1992), pp. 545-550
[35.]
T.E. Adamson, O.D. Wiestler, P. Kleihues, M.G. Yasargil.
Correlation of clinical and pathological features in surgically treated craniopharyngiomas.
J Neurosurg, 73 (1990), pp. 12-17
[36.]
T.B. Crotty, B.W. Scheithauer, W.F. Young Jr., D.H. Davis, E.G. Shaw, G.M. Miller, et al.
Papillary craniopharyngioma: a clinicopathological study of 48 cases.
J Neurosurg, 83 (1995), pp. 206-214
[37.]
T.E. Merchant, E.N. Kiehna, R.A. Sanford, R.K. Mulhern, S.J. Thompson, M.W. Wilson, et al.
Craniopharyngioma: the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience 1984-2001.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 53 (2002), pp. 533-542
[38.]
J.A. Kalapurakal, S. Goldman, Y.C. Hsieh, T. Tomita, M.H. Marymont.
Clinical outcome in children with recurrent craniopharyngioma after primary surgery.
Cancer J, 6 (2000), pp. 388-393
[39.]
N. Karavitaki, S. Cudlip, C.B. Adams, J.A. Wass.
Craniopharyngiomas.
Endocr Rev, 27 (2006), pp. 371-397
[40.]
J. Ruscalleda.
Imaging of parasellar lesions.
Eur Radiol, 15 (2005), pp. 549-559
[41.]
K. Yamamura, S.H. Suzuki, I. Yamamoto.
Differentiation of pituitary adenomas from other sellar and parasellar tumors by 99mTc(V)-DMSA Scintigraphy.
Neurol Med Chir, 43 (2003), pp. 181-187
Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos