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Vol. 54. Núm. 9.
Páginas 473-478 (noviembre 2007)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 9.
Páginas 473-478 (noviembre 2007)
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Síndrome metabólico
Metabolic syndrome
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31316
Amaya Aleixandre
Autor para correspondencia
amaya@med.ucm.es

Correspondencia: Dra. M.A. Aleixandre. Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid. España.
, Marta Miguel
Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. España
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El síndrome metabólico se considera una asociación de problemas de salud que tienen como componente patogénico fundamental la resistencia a la insulina. El diagnóstico implica 3 o más de los siguientes factores de riesgo: obesidad abdominal, triglicéridos altos, colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad bajo, hipertensión e hiperglucemia en ayunas. El síndrome se relaciona con cambios en la proliferación del músculo liso vascular y con crecimiento y disfunción endotelial. Los adipocitos de estos pacientes segregan ácidos grasos libres y moléculas biológicamente activas; entre ellas, factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, leptina y adiponectina. El paciente debe enfrentarse con un cambio de hábitos en su alimentación y actividad física. Para la dislipemia se utilizan estatinas y fibratos; para mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, biguanidas y tiazolidinedionas. Como antihipertensivos se recomienda fármacos que inhiban la formación o los receptores de la angiotensina II.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome metabólico
Resistencia a la insulina
Diabetes
Dislipemia
Obesidad
Hipertensión

Metabolic syndrome is described as a group of health problems whose fundamental pathogenic component is insulin resistance. Diagnosis involvesthe presence of 3 or more of the following risk factors: abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and fasting hyperglycemia. This syndrome is associated with changes in vascular smooth muscle proliferation, stimulus of endothelial growth, and endothelial dysfunction. The adipocytes of patients with metabolic syndrome segregate free fatty acids and biologically active molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin and adiponectin. These patients should alter their eating and exercise habits. Statins and fibrates are administered for dyslipidemia. To improve insulin sensitivity, biguanides and thiazolidinediones are used. The recommended anti-hypertensive agents are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists.

Key words:
Metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
Hypertension
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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