Información del artículo
El síndrome metabólico recibe una gran atención sanitaria debido al elevado número de personas que lo sufren y que presentan un alto riesgo de padecer diversas complicaciones metabólicas (diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares, etc.). Los criterios de diagnóstico, descritos por diferentes comités y organismos, normalmente son: alteración de la regulación de la glucemia, resistencia a la insulina, obesidad abdominal, alteración del metabolismo lipídico e hipertensión arterial. La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico, según el Grupo Europeo para el estudio de la Resistencia a la Insulina, se ha estimado para la población europea caucásica en un 16%. Asimismo, existen varias técnicas para determinar la resistencia a la insulina: técnica del clamp, el modelo mínimo del metabolismo de la glucosa y el test de supresión de la insulina. Por otra parte, el modelo HOMA es un modelo matemático sencillo aplicable a estudios epidemiológicos. Los individuos con este síndrome presentan hiperinsulinismo, lo que determina adaptaciones y alteraciones que afectan al metabolismo de la glucosa y ácidos grasos en diferentes órganos como el tejido adiposo, el hígado y el músculo esquelético.
Palabras clave:
Síndrome metabólico
Resistencia a la insulina
Adipocito
Hígado
Músculo esquelético
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is receiving considerable attention from the health sector, not only because of the number of patients suffering from this disorder, but also because of its association with a number of metabolic disturbances (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). The diagnostic criteria, defined by various committees and international organizations, are alterations in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, impaired lipid profile, and hypertension. According to the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance, the current prevalence of insulin resistance in European Caucasians is approximately 16%. Several methods have been devised to assess insulin resistance: the clamp technique, the minimal model of glucose metabolism, the insulin suppression test, and homeostasis model assessment, which is based on a mathematical model that can be applied to epidemiological studies. Patients with MS often show signs of hyperinsulinemia, which has metabolic implications affecting glucose and lipid metabolism in various organs such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
Key words:
Metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance
Adipocyte
Liver
Skeletal muscle
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