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Vol. 54. Núm. 10.
Páginas 512-518 (diciembre 2007)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 10.
Páginas 512-518 (diciembre 2007)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 con implante pancreático de células madre adultas autólogas
Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with an autologous bone marrow adult stem cell implant in the pancreas
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5467
Alejandro Daniel Mesples
Autor para correspondencia
amesples@uolsinectis.com.ar

Correspondencia: Dr. A.D. Mesples. J.J. Urquiza 968. Salta. 4400 Argentina.
, Basilio Pretiñe, Raúl Bellomo
TECNON. Salta. Argentina
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Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 resulta de la destrucción autoinmunitaria de las células beta del páncreas. Distintos estudios demuestran la capacidad de las células madre adultas de diferenciarse y funcionar. El objetivo fue lograr glucemias en ayunas <100mg/dl o <200mg/dl en cualquier momento del día, y supresión o disminución del 50% del aporte de insulina exógena hasta los 180 días posteriores al implante, con normalización del péptido C.

Pacientes y método

Doce pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 recibieron el implante de células madre adultas autólogas de médula ósea por cateterismo arterial desde octubre a diciembre de 2005. Se realizó a través de la arteria femoral; se cateterizó selectivamente la arteria pancreática inferior con un microcatéter y se liberó el implante en el segmento distal. Los pacientes tenían entre 21 y 60 años de edad. Los anticuerpos antiislote y/o anticuerpos antidescarboxilasa del ácido glutámico fueron negativos; el péptido C, <0,05ng/ml; la glucemia en ayunas, <180mg/dl, y la glucohemoglobina, < 9%

Resultados

El procedimiento se desarrolló sin problemas en todos los pacientes; 11 (92%) pacientes abandonaron la insulina rápida, 4 pacientes suprimieron el tratamiento con insulina, con normalización del péptido C, de la glucemia y la glucohemoglobina. Cuatro pacientes recibían menos del 66% de la dosis de insulina inicial, con aumento del péptido C; 3 pacientes recibían menos del 50% de la dosis inicial, sin cambios en el péptido C. De éstos, 2 pacientes retornaron a los requerimientos iniciales de insulina. Sólo 1 paciente no tuvo cambios significativos. A 180 días no se observaron eventos adversos.

Conclusiones

La técnica es factible y segura, y se obtuvo la recuperación funcional de la glándula a partir del implante de células madre.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Cateterismo arterial periférico
Células madre adultas
Abstract
Background and objective

Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas. Several studies have discussed the ability of adult stem cells to differentiate and function effectively. The aim of this study was to attain fasting glycemia of <100mg/dl, or any glycemic value of <200mg/dl at any time in the course of the day, and a decrease of at least 50% in the dose of exogenous insulin administration up to 180 days after implantation, as well as C-peptide normalization.

Patients and method

Twelve patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited for autologous bone marrow adult stem cell transplantation through an arterial catheter between October and December 2005. The catheterization was performed through the femoral artery, selectively to the inferior pancreatic artery with a microcatheter, and the implant was delivered to the distal segment. Age ranged between 21 and 60 years. Islet-cell and/or glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were negative, C-peptide levels were <0.05mg/ml, fasting glycemia was <180mg/dl, and glycosylated hemoglobin was < 9%.

Results

The procedure was carried out uneventfully in all patients. Eleven patients (92%) discontinued the use of rapid-acting insulin and four patients managed total suppression of insulin therapy and showed normal C-peptide, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin values. Four patients received less than 66% of the initial total daily insulin dose with an increase in basal C-peptide values. Three patients received less than 50% of the initial total daily dose, with no changes in basal C peptide levels. Of these, two patients resumed initial insulin requirements. Only one patient showed no significant changes after transplantation. After 180 days, no adverse events had occurred.

Conclusions

The procedure is feasible and safe and recovery of gland function was obtained after stem cell implantation.

Key words:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Peripheral arterial catheterization
Adult stem cells
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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